JP5336197B2 - 区画された酸化触媒を備えてなる排気機構 - Google Patents
区画された酸化触媒を備えてなる排気機構 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 40
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 40
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000075898 Lantana strigocamara Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000003832 Lantana Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/065—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature
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Description
該第一ウォッシュコート区画が、上流末端で該基材モノリスの入口末端により、及び下流末端で、該入口末端から測定して該基材モノリスの長さに沿って半分未満の地点により限定され、
表面積を増加するウォッシュコート成分上に担持された少なくとも一種のPGMを含む第二ウォッシュコート区画と、及び
該第二ウォッシュコート区画が、実質的に一様な長さを有し、該入口末端から測定して該基材モノリスの長さに沿って半分の地点を含んでなり、
実質的に一様な長さの表面積を増加するウォッシュコート成分上に担持された少なくとも一種のPGMを含む第三ウォッシュコート区画とを含んでなり、
該第三ウォッシュコート区画が、下流末端で該基材モノリスの出口末端により、及び上流末端で、該入口末端から測定して該基材モノリスの長さに沿って最大で4分の3の地点により限定され、
該第一ウォッシュコート区画中のPGM装填量及び該第三ウォッシュコート区画中のPGM装填量の両方が、該第二区画中のPGM装填量より大きく、該第一ウォッシュコート区画のウォッシュコート装填量が、該第三ウォッシュコート区画のウォッシュコート装填量よりも少ない、排気機構を提供する。
Euro III放出物標準に適合する1.5リットル容量のTDI乗用車に、全長に沿って標準的で均質な、白金担持酸化触媒ウォッシュコートで被覆した基材モノリスを取り付けた。次いで、この車両を、NEDC試験サイクル全体にわたって試験した。次いで、同じ車両に、本発明の3区画Pt酸化触媒/2区画ウォッシュコートを装填する、総Pt装填量が標準酸化触媒と等しい酸化触媒を含んでなる基材モノリスを取り付け、NEDC試験を繰り返した。図2に、累積一酸化炭素転化率の結果(左側軸)を、NEDC試験サイクルの速度マップ(右側軸)と重ねて示す。上側のCO曲線は、エンジンから出るCOを示すが、これは、両方の試験結果で同等であった。下側曲線から、本発明の酸化触媒に関する累積COは、NEDC全体にわたって、標準的な酸化触媒よりも約30%優れたCO転化率を達成することが明らかである。
図3は、1.3リットル容量のTDI乗用車(やはりEuro III放出物標準に適合)に対して行った一連のNEDC試験の結果を示す。棒グラフ中、1)は標準的な酸化触媒であり、2)は本発明の3PGM区画酸化触媒であり、3)は本発明の2区画ウォッシュコートした酸化触媒であり、4)は本発明の3PGM区画と2区画ウォッシュコートを組み合わせた酸化触媒である。1)〜4)のそれぞれに対するPt装填量は70 g/ft−3であった。
HC(g/km) CO(g/km) NO x (g/km)
標準的な酸化触媒 0.051 0.529 0.215
組み合わせた酸化触媒 0.035 0.293 0.230
表1
Claims (18)
- リーンバーン内燃機関用の排気機構であって、
一酸化炭素(CO)及び炭化水素(HC)を酸化するための触媒を備えてなり、
該触媒が、フロースルー基材モノリス(10)を含んでなり、
該フロースルー基材モノリスが、表面積を増加するウォッシュコート成分上に担持された少なくとも一種の白金族金属(PGM)を含む一様な長さの第一ウォッシュコート区画(14)と、
前記第一ウォッシュコート区画が、上流末端で前記基材モノリスの入口末端(12)により、及び下流末端(16)で、前記入口末端から測定して前記基材モノリスの長さに沿って半分未満の地点により定められてなり、
表面積を増加するウォッシュコート成分上に担持された少なくとも一種のPGMを含む第二ウォッシュコート区画(18)と、及び
前記第二ウォッシュコート区画が、一様な長さを有し、前記入口末端から測定して前記基材モノリスの長さに沿って半分の地点にあり、
一様な長さの表面積を増加するウォッシュコート成分上に担持された少なくとも一種のPGMを含む第三ウォッシュコート区画(22)とを備えてなり、
前記第三ウォッシュコート区画が、下流末端で前記基材モノリスの出口末端により、及び上流末端で、前記入口末端から測定して前記基材モノリスの長さに沿って最大で4分の3の地点(20)により定められてなり、
前記第一ウォッシュコート区画中のPGM装填量及び前記第三ウォッシュコート区画中のPGM装填量の両方が、前記第二区画中のPGM装填量より多いものであり、
前記第一ウォッシュコート区画のウォッシュコート装填量が、前記第三ウォッシュコート区画のウォッシュコート装填量よりも少ないものである、排気機構。 - 前記第一ウォッシュコート区画の前記下流末端が前記入口末端から測定して前記基材モノリスの長さに沿って15%から半分未満の地点にあり、
前記第二ウォッシュコート区画が前記モノリス全長の10〜60%である、請求項1に記載の排気機構。 - 前記第三ウォッシュコート区画の前記上流末端が前記入口末端から測定して前記基材モノリスの長さに沿って50%を越え70%以下であり、
前記第二ウォッシュコート区画が前記モノリス全長の10%以上70%未満である、請求項1又は2に記載の排気機構。 - 少なくとも一種のPGMが、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム及びそれらの何れか二種類以上からなる群から選択されてなる、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第一、第二及び第三ウォッシュコート区画における前記PGMが白金からなる、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第一ウォッシュコート区画における前記PGM総装填量が10 gft−3〜240 gft−3である、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第三ウォッシュコート区画における前記PGM総装填量が10 gft−3〜120 gft−3である、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 請求項6に従属する場合、前記第一ウォッシュコート区画における前記PGM総装填量が、前記第三ウォッシュコート区画における前記PGM総装填量と等しい、請求項7に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第二ウォッシュコート区画における前記PGM総装填量が5 gft−3〜30 gft−3である、請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記基材モノリス上の全体としての前記PGM総装填量が25 gft−3〜390 gft−3である、請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記ウォッシュコート成分が、ゼオライト、アルミナ、チタニア、シリカ、セリア、ジルコニア及びこれらの二種類以上を含む混合物、並びに、混合、及び複合酸化物からなる群から選択された酸化物を含んでなる、請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第二ウォッシュコート区画のウォッシュコート装填量が、前記第三ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート装填量と等しいものである、請求項1〜11の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第一ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート装填量が0.5 gin−3〜2.5 gin−3である、請求項1〜12の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第三ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート装填量が1.5 gin−3〜5.0 gin−3である、請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第三ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート成分の熱容量が、前記第一ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート成分の熱容量よりも本来大きいものである、請求項1〜14の何れか一項に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第三ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート成分の密度が少なくとも3.5 gcm−3である、請求項15に記載の排気機構。
- 前記第三ウォッシュコート区画におけるウォッシュコート成分が、緻密化されたアルファアルミナ、緻密化されたジルコニア、緻密化されたランタナ、緻密化されたセリア及びそれらの何れか2種類以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の排気機構。
- ディーゼルエンジン及び請求項1〜17の何れか一項に記載の排気機構を備えてなる、装置。
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GBGB0600130.9A GB0600130D0 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2006-01-06 | Exhaust system comprising zoned oxidation catalyst |
PCT/GB2007/050003 WO2007077462A1 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2007-01-03 | Exhaust system comprising zoned oxidation catalyst |
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AU (1) | AU2007203988A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2635323A1 (ja) |
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AU2007203988A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
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US20090217652A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
ATE479829T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
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JP2009522094A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
GB0600130D0 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
KR101319203B1 (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
DE602007008822D1 (de) | 2010-10-14 |
RU2008132330A (ru) | 2010-02-20 |
CN101365867A (zh) | 2009-02-11 |
CA2635323A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
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