JP5306996B2 - 化学センサを備えた埋込み式医療装置 - Google Patents
化学センサを備えた埋込み式医療装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5306996B2 JP5306996B2 JP2009511204A JP2009511204A JP5306996B2 JP 5306996 B2 JP5306996 B2 JP 5306996B2 JP 2009511204 A JP2009511204 A JP 2009511204A JP 2009511204 A JP2009511204 A JP 2009511204A JP 5306996 B2 JP5306996 B2 JP 5306996B2
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- A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
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- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
- A61N1/37512—Pacemakers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3956—Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
- A61N1/3962—Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion in combination with another heart therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/1459—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3956—Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
- A61N1/3962—Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion in combination with another heart therapy
- A61N1/39622—Pacing therapy
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Description
搬送波を使用しないイオンセンサ
一実施の形態において、前記イオン選択センサは、搬送波を使用しない光学イオンセンサである。搬送波を使用しない光学イオンセンサは、親水性ポリマーマトリックス(基材)に共有結合され、かつ、対象となるイオンを選択的に錯化し、比色又は蛍光応答のいずれかを直接生じさせる親水性指示色素(indicator dye)を含み得る。搬送波を使用しないイオン選択センシング素子の一実施の形態において、蛍光イオノフォアは適した基材に共有結合される。蛍光イオノフォアは、蛍光部分及びイオン錯体部分の両方含む化合物である。一例として、カリウムイオン選択蛍光イオノフォアである(6,7−[2.2.2]−クリプタンド−3−[2’’−(5’’−カルボエトキシ)チオフェニル]クマリンは、アズラクトン官能性親水性多孔質ポリエチレン膜に共有結合し、搬送波を使用しない蛍光系K+イオンセンサを形成することができる。別の例として、水素イオン選択蛍光イオノフォアである、ヒドロキシピレントリスルホナートは、アミン官能性セルロースに共有結合して、搬送波を使用しない蛍光系pHイオンセンサを形成することができる。前記蛍光イオノフォアは、特定の蛍光イオノフォアの化学的機能性によリ決まる場合もある何らかの有用な反応技術によって基材に共有結合させることができる。その後、基材をバッキング膜又は層に付着させることができる。
搬送波を用いるイオンセンサ
一実施の形態において、前記イオン選択センサは、搬送波を用いるイオンセンサである。搬送波を用いるイオンセンサは、対象となるイオンと錯化しそのイオンを担持する役割を果たすイオノフォアと呼ばれる化合物を含む。搬送波を用いるイオンセンサは、光学イオンセンサ及びイオン選択電極の双方を含み得る。いくつかの実施の形態において、搬送波を使用する光学イオンセンサは、脂肪親和性イオノフォア、及びクロモイオノフォアと呼ばれる脂肪親和性蛍光又は比色指示色素を含む。前記クロモイオノフォア及びイオノフォアは、疎水性有機ポリマーマトリックス中に分散させることができ、及び/又は疎水性有機ポリマーマトリックスに共有結合させることができる。前記イオノフォアは、対象となるイオンを可逆的に結合させることができる。前記クロモイオノフォアは、プロトン選択性色素であり得る。作動中、対象となるイオンは、有機ポリマーマトリックス内のイオノフォアによって可逆的に隔離される。そして、ポリマーマトリックス内の電荷の中立性を維持するために、プロトンは、クロモイオノフォアから遊離され、色又は蛍光の変化が生じる。
錯体部分
搬送波を用いないイオンセンサ及び搬送波を用いるイオンセンサの双方に使用される化合物は、錯体部分を含み得る。適切な錯体部分は、クリプタンド類、クラウンエーテル類、ビス−クラウンエーテル類、カリックスアレーン類、非環状アミド類、及びヘミスフェランド部分、並びに、モネンシン、バリノマイシン及びナイジェリシン誘導体などのイオン選択抗生物質を含み得る。
センサのコーティング及びパターニング
搬送波を用いる及び搬送波を用いないイオンセンサの双方において、センシング層組成物は、溶媒を添加して又は溶媒を添加することなくコーティングすることができる。いくつかの実施の形態において、前記センシング層成分は、スプレーコーティング又は浸せきコーティングなどのコーティング技術を用いて、センシング層成分の基材上へのコーティングを容易にするように液体組成物として調合される。例えば、特定の実施の形態においては、パルス発生器と無線通信するサテライトセンサに関連するカプセル内又は光ファイバーリードの先端にセンシング層を組み込むことが有益であり得る。これらの場合、光ファイバーリード上又はカプセル内に前記センシング層成分をスプレーコーティング又は浸せきコーティングすることが有益であり得る。適切なコーティング方法としては、スピンコーティング、ナイフコーティング、又はローラーコーティングも挙げられ得る。
作動方法
本発明の一実施の形態は、生理学的分析物の濃度をモニタリングするためにパルス発生器を備えた埋込み式医療装置を使用する方法を含む。この方法は、化学センサによって分析物濃度をセンシングすることを含む。化学センサによる分析物濃度のセンシングは、センシング素子を体液に曝露することを含み得る。化学センサによる分析物濃度のセンシングはまた、光励起装置によってセンシング素子を照射して光帰還信号を生成することも含み得る。化学センサによる分析物濃度のセンシングはさらに、光検出装置を使用し、前記センシング素子から反射又は放射された光を受光することを含み得る。
使用方法
現在の心不全モニタリング方法のいくつかにおいては、心不全患者が、体重増加、血圧、及び他の徴候を書き留めた後、その患者の治療をする看護士又は医師に電話でそれらの徴候を自己申告する。それらの報告された徴候が、利尿治療を必要とする有害な状態を示す場合、介護者は、電話で治療を処方するか、又は患者にクリニックに来てもらうか選択しなければならない。利尿治療は、利尿薬の投与、及び、様々な組み合わせでACE阻害薬、β遮断薬、イオンチャネル調整薬などの薬剤の投与を含み得る。
最適化された診断指示方法
当然のことながら、埋込み式化学センサを埋込み式心調律管理(CRM)装置の機能と統合することにより、診断指標に合成されるデータを、以前には実現されなかった有用性と組み合わせることが可能になる。具体例として、前記埋込み式化学センサは、分析物濃度に関するデータを提供することができる一方で、前記CRM装置の機能は、心電図信号などの心臓データを提供することができる。上述のように、二種類のデータは、患者の生理的状態に関する、互いに異なるが関連のある観点を提供する。これら二種類、又は、いくつかの実施の形態においては三種類以上のデータは、組み合わせて患者の状態の複合プロファイル又は複合リスク指標を作ることができる。
自動フィードバック提供方法
ここで説明する方法は、健康状態の安定化、改善、又は管理に適した行動療法又は薬剤介入治療に関して、患者に自動フィードバック(指示やアドバイスなど)を提供するように適応させることができる。一例として、いくつかの方法は、過剰又は不十分なカリウム濃度を検出し、アルゴリズムに供給することにより、介護者の介入なく、疾患に関して患者にメッセージを送ることを含み得る。前記アルゴリズムは、医学的危険性が、わずか又は無視し得る程度に留まる分析物値の範囲内で、食事の変更及び/又は活動の修正に関するアドバイスを患者に提供するように構築することができる。この方法は、より深刻な状態になるか、又は、医療専門家の介入が必要となる前に、患者が生理的傾向を良い方向に向かわせることを可能にする。
a""an"及び"the")は、本記載内容が特に明確に指定しない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。また、一般に、用語「又は(もしくは、あるいは)」は、その意味において、本記載内容が特に明確に指定しない限り、「及び/又は(もしくは、あるいは)」を含むものとして使用されている。
この研究の目的は、埋込み式心臓除細動器(ICD)を包囲する線維カプセルの、前記装置を直接取り囲んでいるナトリウム、カリウム及びグルコース濃度に対する潜在的影響を評価することであった。12匹のイヌに、ICD装置を埋め込み、標準の実験手順にしたがってケアした。ある一定の期間(下記表1に特定)の後、インプラント被包組織(又はポケット)内から体液を採取し、対応する血清と比較した。12匹のイヌのうちの8匹から、検査に十分な量の体液を採取した(残りの4匹から採取した体液の量は不十分であった)。前記8匹のイヌから得たサンプルに関し、ラジオメーターABL825血液分析物モニターを使用して、K+、Na+、グルコース、並びに、pH及び濃度を測定した。血清サンプルも12匹の動物から採取し、同様にして、ラジオメーターABL800血液分析物モニターで分析した。そのデータを、下記表1に示し、下記表2にまとめる。
実施例2:平面イオン選択光センシング素子
グリセロールを浸潤させたCUPROPHAN(商標)セルロースシート(イリノイ州、シカゴのアクゾ・ノベル・ケミカルズ(Akzo Nobel Chemicals; Chicago,Ill.))を、脱イオン水で洗浄して(10分)、グリセロールを除去する。各シートを、ガラス板上で伸長させ、室温で乾燥させる。
4gのデキストラン(分子量2,000,000)を200mLの脱イオン水中に50℃で溶解させることにより、保護膜溶液を調整する。そして、2gのマラスパースDBOS−4(MARASPERSE DBOS-4R)分散剤(ワイオミング州ロスチャイルドのディアショワ・ケミカルズ・インコーポレーテッド(Diashowa Chemicals,Inc.; Rothschild,Wis.))を加え、その混合物を振盪する。その後、4gのモナーク−700(MONARCH-700R)カーボンブラック(マサチューセッツ州ウォルサムのキャボット社(Cabot Corp.;Waltham,Mass.))を添加し、超音波処理によってカーボンブラックの均一な水分散液を作る。この分散液に、4gの50%(水性)NaOH溶液を掻き混ぜながら添加する。続いて、脱イオン水中50%エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル(EGDGE)溶液6gを混合する。得られた保護膜溶液を、前記CUPROPHAN(商標)膜に均一に噴霧し、乾燥させる。
350mLの脱イオン水中85gのDMSO及び3gの50%NaOH溶液からなる溶液を準備する。450gの50%水性EGDGE溶液を加えて混合する。この架橋溶液をCUPROPHAN(商標)シート上に注ぎ、1時間保持した後、脱イオン水ですすぐ。
架橋CUPROPHAN(商標)膜を2.0Lの脱イオン水中120gの70%HDAの溶液に2時間浸漬し、脱イオン水ですすいで、過剰HDAを洗い流す。
30mLのDMFに30mgのFCCCを溶解させることにより、色素溶液を調整する。続いて、0.8mLの1,3−ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC)と190mgのベンゾトリアゾール水和物(HOBt)を加え、15分間攪拌し、その後、0.4mLのN,N−ジイソプロピルアミン(DIEA)を攪拌しながら加える。HDA−官能化CUPROPHAN(商標)シートを脱イオン水から取り出してタオルドライし、24時間染浴槽に浸漬させた後、それらの試験片を取り出し、DMFで洗浄した後、希HCl水溶液(pH2−3.5)で洗浄する。
FLEXOBOND(商標)430(カリフォルニア州アービンのベーコン・インダストリーズ社(Bacon Industries,Inc.;Irvine,Calif.))などの2液型ポリウレタン接着剤を使用し、薄い(0.175mm)ポリカーボネートシート(ドイツ国レーヴァークーゼンのバイエル社(Bayer AG; Leverkusen, Germany))に、色素結合CUPROPHAN(商標)シートを積層する。ポリカーボネート側に、CW14(商標)感圧接着剤シート(ウィスコンシン州ラシーンのRSW社、特殊テープ部(RSW Inc.,Specialty Tape Div.;Racine,Wis.))を付着し、剥離ライナーを除去する。穿穴機を使用して積層体からディスクを打ち抜き、このディスクを、センシング素子からのカリウム依存発光を測定するための後述のオプトエレクトロニクスを用いて構成されたパルス発生器の光学窓上に配置する。
日本国徳島県のニチア化学工業製又はトヨダ合成株式会社製(商品名レドトロニクス(LEDTRONICS(商標))で製造)のGaN LEDを、パルス発生器内に配置し、30kHzの搬送周波数、0.2秒間のバースト持続時間、5秒間の繰返し率、及び2.5mWの平均出力で振幅変調するように構成する。光を集束させ、帯域通過励起フィルター(例えば、390nm±0.25nm;%T=52%;帯域外ブロッキング(out-of-band blocking)=0.001%T;マサチューセッツ州ウォバーン(Woburn)のスペクトロフィルム(SpectroFilm)から入手可能)を通過させ、パルス発生器の光学窓を通してセンシング素子まで透過させる。戻された変調蛍光を、同様に集光させ、帯域通過発光フィルター(例えば、スペクトロフィルムから入手可能であるような、475±0.35nm;%T=64%;帯域外ブロッキング=0.001%T)を通過させる。次に、ろ波した(filtered)光信号をパルス発生器内に収容されたS1337−33−BR(商標)フォトダイオード検出器(ニュージャージー州ブリッジウォーターのハママツ社(Hamamatsu Corp.;Bridgewater,N.J.)から入手可能)の活性領域上に集束させる。励起光のほんの一部を検出器装置に直接送り、ニュートラル密度フィルターによって減衰させて、LEDからの基準光信号を提供する。さらに、電子スイッチを使用して、検出器の光電流と周波数発生器からの30kHzの電気的基準信号とを交互にサンプリングする。検出器の出力は、フォトダイオード検出器からの光電流を電圧に変換するサテライトセンサ又はパルス発生器内の電子回路に送られる。相互インピーダンス前置増幅段階で、演算増幅回路を使用して、光電流又は基準電気信号を電圧に変換する。次の段階は、信号をさらに増幅しながら雑音電力を帯域制限するように設計された2段階デリイアニス−フレンド・スタイル(Delyiannis-Friend style)帯域通過フィルターである。そして、増幅された光信号又は基準電気信号は、100kHzでディジタル方式でサンプリングされて処理され、分析物濃度を示す蛍光強度を得る。オプションとして、pHセンサ信号もサンプリングされ、カリウムセンサ信号における小さなpH依存変動を補正するために使用される。
実施例3:ヒドロゲル中イオン選択センシング素子
A.1:1ジメチルアクリルアミド:ビニルジメチルアズラクトン(DMA:VDM)共重合体の調製
210部のメチルエチルケトン(MEK)中70部の2−ビニル−4,4−ジメチル−2−オキサゾリン−5−オン(ビニルジメチルアズラクトン、VDM;ニュージャージー州プリンストン(Princeton,N.J.)のSNPEから市場にて入手可能)及び70部のジメチルアクリルアミド(DMA)からなる溶液を、0.7部のN,N'−アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)開始剤(AIBN、VAZOR64として、バージニア州リッチモンドのワコー・ケミカルズ・ユーエスエー(Wako Chemicals USA)から市場にて入手可能)と混合する。その混合液を、5分間、窒素を使用して拡散させた(sparged)後、ジャーの中に封入し、60℃で24時間、回転式乾燥機で乾燥させる。
低照明条件下、25mgの4−(p−アジドサリチアミド)ブチルアミン(ASBA、イリノイ州ロックフォードのピアスケミカル社(Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill.)から市場にて入手可能)及び10mgの1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミドプロモーター(EDC、塩酸塩、イリノイ州ロックフォードのピアスケミカル社)を、0.5mlの95:5(v/v)イソプロパノール:水に溶解させる。この溶液及び1N HCl水溶液一滴を、MEK中50:50のDMA:VDM共重合体(実施例1)の40%(w/w)溶液1mLに添加する。ASBAのブチルアミン部分のアズラクトン官能基への熱的結合を室温で2時間生じさせる。得られた混合液の前記MEK溶液を、PMMA基材上にスピンコーティングし、減圧デシケーター内で15分間乾燥させる。このサンプルを、3分間、フォトマスクを介して365nmで測定された10−30mW/cm2で、紫外線照射にリソグラフィーで露光し、結合ASBAのアジド部分を介して光架橋する。前記マスクを取り除き、前記サンプルを純イソプロピルアルコールで十分に洗浄すると、フォトマスクのパターンに一致するゲルパターンが残る。この二重硬化手法は、ビスアジド架橋剤に比べ、架橋効率を高める。
半保護モノーN−第三ブチルオキシカルボニル(t−BCC)−プロピレンジアミン(モレキュラー・プローブ−インビトロジェン(Molecular Probes-Invitrogen))は、有機溶媒可溶性カルボン酸類を脂肪族アミン類に変換するのに有用である。反保護脂肪族ジアミンの、FCCCの活性カルボン酸への標準条件下での結合に引き続き、t−BOC基がトリフルオロ酢酸によって定量的に除去される。そして、FCCCの得られた脂肪族アミン誘導体を、直接、アズラクトン官能性ポリマー又はヒドロゲルと反応させる。
光架橋組成物の反応性を実証するために、第2のサンプルのアズラクトンヒドロゲルを調整し、以下のように処理する:50nMのアミン−官能性FCCCを、20uLの炭酸−重炭酸バッファー(0.05M、pH9.2)中で溶解させる。針を使用し、光硬化性DMA:VDMコーティング上にこの指示薬溶液の斑点を付ける。このサンプルを、室温で2時間密封加湿容器に入れた後、脱イオン水で洗浄し、脱イオン水中にて10時間インキュベートする。
実施例4:イオンに対し透過性を有するHEMA:PEGMAヒドロゲルフィルムにおけるイオン選択光センシング素子
A:アクリルアミド官能性FCCCの調製
実施例3において説明したように調製したアミン−官能性FCCCを、6−((アクリロイル)アミノ)ヘキサン酸(モレキュラー・プローブ−インビトロジェン)のスクシンイミジルエステルと標準条件下で反応させ、アクリルアミド官能性FCCCを生成する。
40重量%のヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)、8.3重量%のポリ(エチレングリコール)メタクリレート(PEGMA、Mn:約360)、1.5重量%のアクリルアミド官能性FCCC、50%の脱イオン水及び0.2重量%のイルガキュア(Irgacure)651からなる溶液を、2枚のスライドガラスからなる型に入れる。一方のガラスは、疎水性オクタデカシランで処理した表面を持ち、他方のガラスは、トリメチオキシシリルプロピルメタクリレート(trimethyoxysilylpropylmethacrylate)で処理した表面を持ち、厚さ16μmのスペーサによって分離されている。10分間の紫外線照射による重合の後、前記の疎水的に処理されたスライドガラスを取り除き、残りのスライドガラスに共有結合しているHEMA:PEGMAヒドロゲル膜が残り、共有結合的に取り込まれたFCCC蛍光イオノフォアを構成する。
光学的に、実施例2に記載した光学的保護膜を、実施例2の手順にしたがってHEMA:PEGMAヒドロゲル膜上に貼り付ける(apply)。
実施例5:可塑化PVCポリマーを用いたセンシング素子の調製
A:センシングビーズの調製
30重量%のポリ(塩化ビニル)、PVC及び70重量%のビス(エチルヘキシル)セバケート(BEHS)をベースとする微小ビーズを、噴霧乾燥法を用いて調製する。1重量%のPVCと1重量%のBEHSを含むTHF溶液を、ヒートガンからの加熱気流(heated air stream)の下、噴霧器によって噴霧し、PVC/BEHS粒子(直径2.5±1μm)をサイクロン室において収集する。
センシング及び光学基準ビーズのいずれも、センシングビーズの凝集を防ぐために、ビーズをヒドロゲルマトリックス中に懸濁させ固定する。2mgのセンシング又は基準ビーズを、1mgのPEG、並びに、30重量%のアクリルアミド、1重量%のN,N’−メチレン−ビス−アクリルアミド及び0.5重量%の光開始剤(イルガキュア2959)を含む1mgのモノマー水溶液とよく混合する。その懸濁液を2枚のスライドガラスの間に配置した後、紫外線照射によって15分間光重合する。
スペーサによって分離された2枚のスライドガラスの間にあるモノマー溶液に適用される光重合法を用いて高分子板を作製することにより、HEMA(2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)をベースとするセンサ本体を準備する。得られたポリマーの、ガラス表面に対する強力な付着を防ぐために、オクタデシルシランを有する表面修飾(surface modified)スライドガラスを使用する。前記スライドガラス(25×75×1mm)は、1N HNO3溶液中、70℃で2時間浄化し、冷却した後、ミリQ水ですすいだ。オーブンで乾燥させた後、洗浄されたスライドガラスを1.5gのオクタデシルトリクロロシランと共に1Lのトルエン中に置き、還流させながら6時間加熱する。このようにして、表面修飾スライドガラスは、エタノール及びミリQ水で洗浄され、光重合用の基材として使用される。
センサ窓膜を準備するために、32.9重量%のHEMA、16.9重量%のPEGMA、50重量%の脱イオン水及び0.2重量%のイルガキュア651からなる溶液を、厚さ16μmのスペーサによって分離された疎水性表面を有する2枚のスライドガラスから成る型に入れる。12分間の紫外線照射による重合の後、型のスライドガラスの一方を注意深く取り除く。この場合、厚さ16μmのポリHEMA窓膜が別のスライドガラスの表面上に残る。
センサ本体を窓膜と付着させるために、スライドガラス上の、上記のようにして作製された窓膜の表面に、10μLの前記モノマー溶液を塗布し広げる。その後、そのセンサ本体を窓膜上に置き、スライドガラスで覆い、大型クリップでクランプする。15分間の紫外線照射により、底部が密封されたウェルを有する、前記ポリHEMAをベースとするセンサ本体が良好に作製される。
こうして準備されたセンサ本体を、密封された底部を下にしてスライドガラス上に置き、センサ本体の端部をスコッチテープで固定する。各センサコンパートメントに、3つのウェルを有するセンサ本体用のNa+/pHセンシングビーズ、K+/pHセンシングビーズ、及び光学白色ビーズを、実体顕微鏡下、微小ガラスロッドを用いて充填する。
pH7.4のトリス塩酸バッファーにおいて光学K+センサの反射スペクトルを、光ファイバスペクトロメータ(例えば、BIF400UV−VIS、カリフォルニアのオーシャン・オプティクス(Ocean Optics,CA))を用いて測定する。0mM〜10mMK+の範囲に渡ってカリウムイオン濃度が高くなるにつれ、505nmでの反射率(クロモイオノフォアIIIの酸性型に対応)は低下する一方で、580nmでの反射率(クロモイオノフォアIIIの塩基型に対応)は高くなる。前記白色ビーズは、これらの測定に際し、光学基準として使用することができる。オプションとして、505及び580nmでの反射率の比を、カリウムイオン濃度の算出に使用することができる。
上記センサビーズをベースとするコーティング可能な精密センサ構造物が作製される。その方法は、(1)アクリルアミド及びビス−アクリルアミドモノマー及びポリエチレングリコールオリゴマーを、センサビーズ又はセンシング色素、及び熱又は光化学硬化剤と混合すること、(2)前記混合液をセンサバッキング上にコーティングすること、(3)硬化を開始し、ヒドロゲルの形成及びセンサバッキング上のウェルへのヒドロゲルの付着を促進させること、(4)得られたヒドロゲル組成物へのHEMA窓膜の形成及び付着を含む。
Claims (13)
- 埋込み式医療装置であって、
パルス発生器回路、及び前記パルス発生器回路を封入するように構成された埋込み式ハウジングを含むパルス発生器、及び
前記パルス発生器と通信する化学センサを備え、前記化学センサは体液中のイオン濃度を検出するように構成され、前記化学センサが、
ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、及びヒドロニウムイオンに対して透過性を有するポリマーマトリクスと、錯体部分及び蛍光部分とを含み、前記蛍光部分がカリウムイオンに対する前記錯体部分の結合に基づいて異なった蛍光強度を示すカリウムイオンを選択する光センシング素子、
前記センシング素子を照射するように構成された光励起装置、及び
前記センシング素子から受光するように構成された光検出装置
を含む、埋込み式医療装置。 - 前記埋込み式ハウジングが、透明部材によって閉塞される開口部を区画し、前記センシング素子が、前記透明部材を介して前記光励起装置及び前記光検出装置と光通信し、前記センシング素子が、前記埋込み式ハウジングの外部に配置され、前記光励起装置及び前記光検出装置が、前記埋込み式ハウジングの内部に配置されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記センシング素子が、第一の面及び第二の面を有し、前記第一の面は前記第二の面に対向しており、前記光励起装置及び前記光検出装置がいずれも前記第一の面に配置されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記センシング素子の前記第二の面に配置された不透明カバー層をさらに含み、前記不透明カバー層がイオン透過性ポリマーマトリックスを含む、請求項3に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記化学センサが、前記パルス発生器と無線で通信するように構成された通信インターフェイスを備えた、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記化学センサが、カリウム、ナトリウム、塩化物、カルシウム、マグネシウム、リチウム及びヒドロニウムからなる群から選択されるイオンを検出するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記センシング素子が、2つの異なる波長で光を蛍光放射するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記センシング素子が、錯体部分及び比色部分(colorimetric moiety)を含み、イオンが前記錯体部分に結合すると前記比色部分が差吸光度(differential light absorbance)を示す、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記光励起装置が、
第1の発光ダイオード、及び
第2の発光ダイオード
を備え、前記第1及び第2の発光ダイオードが、異なる波長で光を放射するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。 - 前記光検出装置が、フォトダイオード、電荷結合素子(CCD)、接合型電界効果トランジスタ(JFET)光センサ、及び相補型金属酸化膜半導体(CMOS)光センサからなる群から選択されるコンポーネントを含む、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 心臓ペーシングリード、及び
前記埋込み式ハウジングに連結され、前記心臓ペーシングリードと前記パルス発生器との間に電気的接続を提供するように構成された装置ヘッダーをさらに含み、
前記化学センサが前記装置ヘッダー又は前記心臓ペーシングリードに連結されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。 - 前記化学センサが、グルコース、クレアチニン、乳酸塩、尿素、脳神経ペプチド(BNP)、一酸化窒素、及びトロポニンからなる群から選択される第2の生理学的分析物を検出するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
- 前記化学センサが、カリウムイオンの濃度及び腎機能を示す生理学的分析物の濃度を検出するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の埋込み式医療装置。
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2006
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EP2024024A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
US20070270675A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2007137037A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
US20120197231A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
JP2009537247A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
US7809441B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
US20070270674A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
US8571659B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
US8126554B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
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