JP5292930B2 - 半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5292930B2 JP5292930B2 JP2008150785A JP2008150785A JP5292930B2 JP 5292930 B2 JP5292930 B2 JP 5292930B2 JP 2008150785 A JP2008150785 A JP 2008150785A JP 2008150785 A JP2008150785 A JP 2008150785A JP 5292930 B2 JP5292930 B2 JP 5292930B2
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- BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEUUKUNSVFYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthalen-1-ylphosphane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(P(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 DMEUUKUNSVFYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
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- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
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Description
ことができ、具体的には、
(1)トリフェノールメタン型エポキシ樹脂とトリフェノールメタン型フェノール樹脂との組合せによりTgを高くし、半導体封止用のエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化収縮を小さくする手法(例えば、特許文献1参照。)
(2)溶融粘度の低い樹脂を用いて無機充填剤の配合量を高めることにより、耐燃性向上と、α1の回路基板のα1への適合化を図る手法により低反り性を達成する方法(例えば、特許文献2参照。)
(3)高耐燃性、高Tgおよび低線膨張係数を兼ね備えるとされるナフタレン環骨格型エポキシ樹脂を配合する方法(例えば、特許文献3参照。)
などが提案されている。しかしながら、これらの半導体封止用のエポキシ樹脂組成物では反りの低減には一定の効果はあるものの、たとえば第一、第二の手法では、樹脂硬化物の吸水率が高く、半田処理時にクラックが生じ易く、耐燃性も十分ではない場合があった。また、第三の手法では、樹脂硬化物の高耐燃性、低吸水性が得られるものの、樹脂組成物の流動特性が必ずしも十分とはいえず、特に薄型のエリア表面実装型の半導体パッケージでは流動性が必ずしも十分でない場合があった。以上から、薄型のエリア表面実装型の半導体パッケージに用いる半導体封止用樹脂組成物には、高耐半田性、高耐燃性、低反り性、高流動特性の特性がバランスする材料が求められていた。
下記一般式(1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂(A)
axとしたとき、硬化トルク比T120/Tmax×100(%)が70%以上の範囲であることを特徴とするものであり、これにより、耐燃性に優れ、かつ流動性、耐半田性のバランスに優れる半導体封止用のエポキシ樹脂組成物及び信頼性に優れた半導体装置が得られるものである。また、特に、回路基板と、該回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、前記回路基板と前記半導体素子とを電気的に接続するワイヤと、前記半導体素子と前記ワイヤとを封止する封止材とを備えたエリア表面実装型の半導体装置の封止材用として用いた場合には、反りが小さく、電気的接合信頼性に優れた半導体装置が得られるものである。以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
ずれを用いてもよく、これらを単独で用いても混合して用いてもよい。このようなものとしては、たとえば、(R)−(+)−1,1’−ビ−2―ナフトール、(S)−(−)−1,1’−ビ−2―ナフトール(いずれも下記一般式(4)においてa=0の構造のもの)をあげることができる。
が好ましく、45質量%以上であることがより好ましく、60質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。配合割合が上記範囲内であると、耐燃性、低吸水性、Tg等を向上させる効果を得ることができる。
における反りの低減という点を考慮すると、トリフェノールメタン型フェノール樹脂等の多官能型フェノール樹脂や、ナフトールノボラック樹脂、フェニレン骨格を有するナフトールアラルキル樹脂等のナフタレン環を有するフェノール樹脂が好ましい。
換ホスホニウム化合物、ホスホベタイン化合物、ホスフィン化合物とキノン化合物との付加物、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物等のリン原子含有化合物;1,8−ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン−7、ベンジルジメチルアミン、2−メチルイミダゾール等の窒素原子含有化合物が挙げられる。これらのうち、硬化性の観点からはリン原子含有化合物が好ましく、流動性と硬化性のバランスの観点からは、テトラ置換ホスホニウム化合物、ホスホベタイン化合物、ホスフィン化合物とキノン化合物との付加物、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物等の潜伏性を有する触媒がより好ましい。流動性という点を考慮するとテトラ置換ホスホニウム化合物が特に好ましく、またエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物熱時低弾性率という点を考慮するとホスホベタイン化合物、ホスフィン化合物とキノン化合物との付加物が特に好ましく、また潜伏的硬化性という点を考慮すると、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物が特に好ましい。
たフラスコに、フェニルトリメトキシシラン等のシラン化合物、2,3−ジヒドロキシナフタレン等のプロトン供与体を加えて溶かし、次に室温攪拌下ナトリウムメトキシド−メタノール溶液を滴下する。さらにそこへ予め用意したテトラフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド等のテトラ置換ホスホニウムハライドをメタノールに溶かした溶液を室温攪拌下滴下すると結晶が析出する。析出した結晶を濾過、水洗、真空乾燥すると、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物が得られる。しかし、これに限定されるものではない。
アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N−β(アミノエチル)γ−アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N−フェニルγ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N−フェニルγ−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N−β(アミノエチル)γ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N−6−(アミノヘキシル)3−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N−3−(トリメトキシシリルプロピル)−1,3−ベンゼンジメタナン等が挙げられる。また、ウレイドシランとしては、例えば、γ−ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、ヘキサメチルジシラザン等が挙げられる。また、メルカプトシランとしては、例えば、γ−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。これらのシランカップリング剤は1種類を単独で用いても2種類以上を併用してもよい。
い。最大硬化トルク値の2%の硬化トルク値に達するまでの経過時間(硬化立ち上がり時間)は、エポキシ樹脂組成物が低粘度で流動性を維持している安定時間の目安となるパラメータであり、硬化立ち上がり時間が長いほど、成形時の流動性が良好となる。硬化立ち上がり時間を上記範囲とすることで、半導体素子の封止成形時におけるエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化性を損ねることなく、粘度を低減化し流動性を向上させる効果を得ることができる。それにより、エリア表面実装型の半導体装置におけるワイヤ流れ等の不具合を低減する効果を得ることができる。
等の成形方法で成形封止すればよい。
−GEL GMHHR−L(径7.8mm、管長30mm、ポリスチレンジェルカラム)2本、WATERS社製示差屈折率(RI)検出器W2414を直列に接続したものを用いた。ポンプの流速は0.5ml/分、カラム及び示差屈折率計内温度を40℃とし、測定溶液を100μlインジェクターより注入して測定を行った。試料の解析にあたっては、単分散ポリスチレン(以下PS)標準試料により作成した検量線を用いる。検量線はPSの分子量の対数値とPSのピーク検出時間(保持時間)をプロットし、3次式に回帰したものを用いる。検量線作成用の標準PS試料としては、昭和電工(株)製ShodexスタンダードSL−105シリーズの品番S−1.0(ピーク分子量1060)、S−1.3(ピーク分子量1310)、S−2.0(ピーク分子量1990)、S−3.0(ピーク分子量2970)、S−4.5(ピーク分子量4490)、S−5.0(ピーク分子量5030)、S−6.9(ピーク分子量6930)、S−11(ピーク分子量10700)、S−20(ピーク分子量19900)を使用した。
エポキシ樹脂1:前駆体ナフトール樹脂として1.1’−ビ−2―ナフトール(東京化成工業製試薬、融点220℃、分子量286.3、純度99.4%)100質量部に、エピクロルヒドリン710質量部、ジメチルスルホキシド200質量部を加えて溶解後、40℃に加熱し、水酸化ナトリウム(固形細粒状、純度99%試薬)55.9質量部を2時間かけて添加し、50℃に昇温して2時間、さらに80℃に昇温して2時間反応させた。反応後、蒸留水150質量部を加えて振とうした後に、水層を棄却する操作(水洗)を洗浄水が中性になるまで繰り返し行った後、油層を125℃減圧処理することによってエピクロルヒドリン及びジメチルスルホキシドを留去した。得られた固形物にトルエン260質量部を加えて溶解し、70℃に加熱し20質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液27.9質量部を1時間かけて添加し、さらに1時間反応した後、静置し水層を棄却した。油層に蒸留水260質量部を加えて水洗操作を行い、洗浄水が中性になるまで同様の水洗操作を繰り返し行った後、加熱減圧によってトルエンを留去し、下記式(11)で表されるエポキシ樹脂1(エポキシ当量227、軟化点59℃、150℃におけるICI粘度0.35dPa・s。GPCより求めたm=0体含有量92.7質量%、m=1体含有量2.6質量%、m=2体含有量4.3質量%、m≧3体含有量0.4%。)を得た。FD−MSチャートを図3に、GPCチャートを図4に示す。
本インキ化学工業(株)製、EXA−4701。エポキシ当量163、軟化点68℃、150℃におけるICI粘度1.0dPa・s。)
硬化剤1:フェニレン骨格を有するフェノールアラルキル樹脂(三井化学(株)製、XLC−4L。水酸基当量168、軟化点62℃。)
硬化剤2:下記式(14)で表される化合物(新日鐵化学(株)製、SN−485。水酸基当量210、軟化点85℃。)
硬化剤4:フェノールノボラック樹脂(住友ベークライト(株)製、PR−HF−3。水酸基当量104、軟化点80℃。)
硬化剤5:ビフェニレン骨格フェノールアラルキル樹脂(明和化成(株)製、MEH−7851SS。水酸基当量203、軟化点67℃。)
無機充填剤1:電気化学工業製溶融球状シリカFB560(平均粒径30μm)100質量部、アドマテックス製合成球状シリカSO−C2(平均粒径0.5μm)6.5質量部、アドマテックス製合成球状シリカSO−C5(平均粒径30μm)7.5質量部とを予めブレンドしたもの。
複合金属水酸化物:水酸化マグネシウム・水酸化亜鉛固溶体複合金属水酸化物(タテホ化学(株)製、エコーマグZ−10。)
シランカップリング剤1:γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業(株)製、KBM−403。)
シランカップリング剤2:γ−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業(株)製、KBM−803。)
着色剤1:カーボンブラック(三菱化学工業(株)製、MA600。)
離型剤1:カルナバワックス(日興ファイン(株)製、ニッコウカルナバ、融点83℃。)
エポキシ樹脂1 7.63質量部
硬化剤1 5.37質量部
無機充填剤1 86質量部
硬化促進剤1 0.4質量部
シランカップリング剤1 0.1質量部
シランカップリング剤2 0.1質量部
着色剤1 0.3質量部
離型剤1 0.1質量部
をミキサーにて常温混合し、80〜100℃の加熱ロールで溶融混練し、冷却後粉砕し、エポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂組成物を用いて以下の方法で評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
ラメータであり、硬化トルク比の大きい方が成形直後の熱剛性は良好である。単位は%。
位はμm。
成形後反り量(W1):成形後の25℃における反り量
熱履歴後反り量(W2):成形後反り量(W1)を測定した後、後硬化(175℃、4時間)した後IRリフロー処理(260℃、JEDEC条件に従う)を行い、更に125℃、8時間の乾燥工程を行った後の25℃での反り量
反り変動量(W1−W2):成形後の反り量をW1とし、熱履歴後反り量をW2としたときの差
成形後の反り量(W1)が80μm以上であると装置による搬送が困難になる。また、反り変動量(W1−W2)が40μm以上であると、半導体装置をマザーボード上に実装した際に、半田ボールがマザーボードから浮き上がり、電気的接合信頼性が損なわれる可能性、あるいは実装後においても半田ボールに残留応力が加わる可能性があり好ましくない。実施例1で得られたエポキシ樹脂組成物はW1,W2,(W1−W2)いずれも上述の値を満たしており良好な反り特性を示した。
表1、表2の配合に従い、実施例1と同様にしてエポキシ樹脂組成物を製造し、実施例1と同様にして評価した。評価結果を表1、表2に示す。
(1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂(A)は用いているものの、キュラスト測定における硬化トルク比が70%を下回る比較例5〜7においては、吸湿率が高く、耐半田性が劣る結果となった。また、比較例5〜7は、反り特性も劣る結果となった。
2 ダイボンド材硬化体
3 ダイパッド
4 金線
5 リードフレーム
6 エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化体
7 レジスト
8 基板
9 半田ボール
Claims (8)
- 半導体封止用のエポキシ樹脂組成物であって、
下記一般式(1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂(A)
(ただし、上記一般式(1)において、R1はそれぞれ炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基の中から選ばれた基であり、互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい。一つのナフタレン環におけるグリシジルエーテル基もしくはそれが開環した基、R1及び他のナフチレン基の結合位置は、ナフタレン環のいずれの位置であってもよい。mは0〜5の整数であり、aは0〜6の整数である。)と、
硬化剤(B)と、
無機充填剤(C)と、
硬化促進剤(D)と、
を含み、
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が上記一般式(1)においてm=0である成分を必須成分として含むものであり、
前記硬化剤(B)が、フェノールノボラック樹脂、クレゾールノボラック樹脂、ナフトールノボラック樹脂、トリフェノールメタン型多官能フェノール樹脂、テルペン変性フェノール樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン変性フェノール樹脂、フェニレン骨格を有するフェノールアラルキル樹脂、フェニレン骨格を有するナフトールアラルキル樹脂、ビスフェノール化合物から選ばれる1種であり、
前記無機充填剤(C)の配合割合は、全エポキシ樹脂組成物中80〜93質量%であり、前記硬化促進剤(D)が、テトラ置換ホスホニウム化合物(d1)、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物(d2)から選ばれた少なくとも1種であり、
前記硬化促進剤(D)の配合割合は、全エポキシ樹脂組成物中0.4〜1質量%であり、キュラストメーターを用いて、金型温度175℃にて該エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化トルクを経時的に測定した際の、測定開始120秒後の硬化トルク値をT120、測定開始30
0秒後までの最大硬化トルク値をTmaxとしたとき、硬化トルク比T120/Tmax×100(%)が70%以上の範囲であることを特徴とする半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。 - キュラストメーターを用いて、金型温度175℃にて前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化トルクを経時的に測定した際の、測定開始300秒後までの最大硬化トルク値をTmaxとしたとき、Tmaxの2%の硬化トルク値に達する、測定開始からの経過時間が、25秒以上、80秒以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物の260℃における曲げ弾性率が400MPa以上、1100MPa以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が前記一般式(1)においてm=0である成分を80質量%以上含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記硬化促進剤(D)が、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物の成形から硬化に至る段階において、芳香環にヒドロキシル基が2つ以上結合した化合物を生成し得るものであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 回路基板と、該回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、前記回路基板と前記半導体素子とを電気的に接続するワイヤと、前記半導体素子と前記ワイヤとを封止する封止材とを備えたエリア表面実装型の半導体装置の封止材用として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物により半導体素子を封止してなることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 回路基板と、該回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、前記回路基板と前記半導体素子とを電気的に接続するワイヤと、前記半導体素子と前記ワイヤとを封止する封止材とを備え、該封止材が請求項6に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物から構成されてなることを特徴とするエリア表面実装型の半導体装置。
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