JP5270803B2 - キトサン/アルギネートヒドロゲルビーズにおける細胞培養 - Google Patents
キトサン/アルギネートヒドロゲルビーズにおける細胞培養 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5270803B2 JP5270803B2 JP2012554282A JP2012554282A JP5270803B2 JP 5270803 B2 JP5270803 B2 JP 5270803B2 JP 2012554282 A JP2012554282 A JP 2012554282A JP 2012554282 A JP2012554282 A JP 2012554282A JP 5270803 B2 JP5270803 B2 JP 5270803B2
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Description
アルギネートの溶液を準備する工程と、
60kD未満のMwを有するキトサンを含む溶液を準備する工程と、
前記アルギネートの溶液及び前記キトサンの溶液を軟骨形成細胞と混合する工程であって、混合溶液が0.5%(w/v)〜0.7%(w/v)のキトサン及び1%(w/v)1.4%(w/v)のアルギネートを含む、前記アルギネートの溶液及び前記キトサンの溶液を軟骨形成細胞と混合する工程と、
前記混合溶液の液滴をCa2+カチオン又はSr2+カチオンを含む溶液に導入する工程と、
前記カチオンを含む溶液からゲル化ビーズを単離する工程と
を含む、軟骨形成細胞を含むヒドロゲルマトリックスを作製する方法に関する。
従来技術の軟骨移植方法では、軟骨の正常域に由来する軟骨生検材料から採取される自己軟骨細胞の数は少なく、それらをその後移植(grafting)に最適な数の細胞が得られるまで単層で培養して増殖させる。単層で培養すると、軟骨細胞は次第にその表現型が曖昧になり、軟骨性細胞外マトリックスに分化せずに、主に瘢痕組織を生じる線維芽細胞となる。この脱分化プロセスを回避するため、又は単層培養後の細胞再分化を促進するために、軟骨細胞をアルギネートビーズ等の三次元マトリックス内で培養することができる。しかしながら、アルギネートビーズにおいては、軟骨細胞は肥大分化して周囲のマトリックスを石灰化する。肥大分化及びマトリックス石灰化は、変形性関節症に関連する望ましくない効果である。本発明は、アルギネートビーズ内で培養した軟骨細胞とは対照的に、キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内で培養した軟骨細胞が肥大軟骨細胞に分化しないことを実証する。本発明に従って使用されるビーズは軟骨細胞の表現型を安定させる。実際に、血清、例えば10%FBSの存在下(軟骨細胞の肥大分化を支持する条件である)での数週間の培養の後、キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内で21日間〜28日間培養した軟骨細胞は、アルギネートビーズ内で培養した軟骨細胞と比較して、肥大の特異的マーカーであるアルカリホスファターゼ(AP)を最低限の量しか産生しない(図4)。
アルギネートの溶液を準備する工程と、
60kD未満のMwを有するキトサンの溶液を準備する工程と、
前記アルギネートの溶液及び前記キトサンの溶液を軟骨形成細胞と混合する工程であって、混合溶液が0.5%(w/v)〜0.7%(w/v)のキトサン及び1%〜1.4%のアルギネートを含む、前記アルギネートの溶液と前記キトサンの溶液とを混合する工程と、
前記混合溶液の液滴をCa2+イオン又はSr2+イオンを含む溶液に導入する工程と、
前記カチオンを含む溶液からゲル化ビーズを単離する工程と
を含む。
軟骨の断片を生検によって回収した後、3回の連続的な酵素処理(0.5mg/mlのヒアルロニダーゼ、37℃で30分間;1mg/mlのプロナーゼ、37℃で1時間;0.5mg/mlのコラゲナーゼ、1%Ultroser Gの存在下、37℃で一晩)に供し、細胞外マトリックスを取り出す(Ultroser GはPall Corporationの血清代替物である)。セルストレーナー(cell strainer)上で継代した後、軟骨細胞をすすいで遠心分離する。細胞ペレットを回収し、キトサン/アルギネート溶液に懸濁する。
キトサン(最終0.6%)とアルギネート(最終1.2%)との均質混合物からビーズを調製する。この2つの溶液は別個に調製した後混合する。アルギネート及びキトサンの溶液は以下のように調製する:0.16M NaOH中の2.4%(W/v)アルギネート溶液及び1.666M HAc中の1.333%(w/v)キトサン溶液を調製する。10容量のアルギネート溶液に、1容量の1M Hepes溶液を添加する。均質化の後、9容量のキトサン溶液を規則的に激しく混合しながら徐々に添加する。
軟骨細胞を含むゲル化ビーズを食塩水で洗浄した。1mlの培養培地(1%ITS+(ICN Biomedicals、アッセ−レレゲム、ベルギー)、10mM HEPES、ペニシリン(100U/ml)及びストレプトマイシン(100U/ml)、200μg/mlのグルタミン(Biowhittaker Europe、ヴェルヴィエ、ベルギー)、50μg/mlのアスコルビン酸(Sigma-Aldrich、ボルネム、ベルギー)、2mMプロリン(Gibco、メレルベーケ、ベルギー)を添加したDMEM)中に10個のビーズを入れることによって、ビーズを24ウェルプレート内で培養した(ITS+は1ml中に0.625mgのインスリン、0.625mgのトランスフェリン、0.625μgの亜セレン酸、0.125gのウシ血清アルブミン及び0.535mgのリノール酸を含有する予混合された細胞成長系である)。
図2B中の軟骨細胞はヘマトキシリン/エオシンで染色したものであった。アグリカン及びIL−6をELISA(Biosource Europe)によって定量した。アルカリホスファターゼを分光学的定量法によって定量した。簡潔に述べると、50μlの細胞抽出物を100μlのp−ニトロフェニルリン酸(KEM-EN-TEC、コペンハーゲン、デンマーク)とともにインキュベートした。APの存在下では、p−NPPはp−ニトロフェノール及び無機リン酸塩に変換される。p−ニトロフェノールの吸光度を405nmで測定する。p−ニトロフェノールの標準品を較正に使用した。結果は1分間にDNA1μg当たりに放出されたp−ニトロフェノールのnmol数で表す。1単位のAPは、1分間に1nmolのp−ニトロフェノールを遊離させるものと規定する。
キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内で培養された細胞は、乳酸脱水素酵素の測定によって示されるように、アルギネートビーズと比較してより少ないアポトーシス又は壊死を示す。
キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内で培養された細胞はより少ない炎症兆候を示す。キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内で培養された軟骨細胞は、IL−6、IL−8及びNOを産生しないか、又はごく僅かな量しか産生しない。図3は、アルギネートビーズと比較した、混合ビーズ(アルギネート/キトサン)内での軟骨細胞の培養におけるIL−6産生の劇的な減少を示す。IL−1βは、炎症反応及び関連する組織タンパク質分解において非常に活性の高いサイトカインである。炎症メディエーター又はタンパク質分解酵素の産生に対するIL−1βの刺激作用は、アルギネートビーズと比べてアルギネート/キトサンビーズにおいてはあまり重要でない。
キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内で培養された軟骨細胞は、アルギネートビーズ内で培養された軟骨細胞と比較して、軟骨マトリックス分解に関与するマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼMMP−3のより少ない産生によって示されるように、より少ない異化事象の兆候を示す。
キトサン/アルギネートビーズ内での軟骨細胞の成長は、軟骨細胞表現型に対して有益な安定効果を有する。
培養培地を吸引によって(by per)除去し、ビーズを植物性(マッシュルーム)キトサンヒドロゲル(Kitozyme、アルール、ベルギー)と混合する。この工程はヒドロゲルのゲル化を回避するために27℃未満で行う。3/1(v/v)というビーズ/ヒドロゲルの比率を用いた。
図3B及び図5Bは、ヒドロゲル形成に使用されるカチオンの選択の影響を示す。カルシウム又はストロンチウムの選択が、完全にアルギネートからなるビーズにおけるマーカー(インターロイキン−6及びアグリカン)の発現に対して影響を有しなかったのに対し、キトサン/アルギネートビーズをカルシウムイオン又はストロンチウムイオンのいずれかによって形成した場合に有意な影響が観察される。
軟骨細胞を含まない実施例5に記載のゲルを、ウサギの関節の軟骨欠損部に埋め込んだ(図7)。15日間の埋め込みの後に、埋め込み物を評価した(図8)。病変部は埋め込み物で満たされたままである。さらに、埋め込み物に下層の骨髄に由来する細胞が定着していることが観察される。細胞は固定された感熱性キトサンヒドロゲル(B)及びキトサン/アルギネートビーズ(C)(キトサン柱状構造はDで示される)内に見られた。この試験により、この二相性埋め込み物を容易に処理及び移植することができることが確認される。埋め込み物の生分解性によって埋め込み後の漸進的な(progressive)吸収が確実となる。
種々の分子量の天然キトサンを本発明に従うプロセスに使用した。混合溶液(軟骨細胞を含む)のpH及び粘性等の種々の物理的パラメーターを測定した。得られるヒドロゲルのオスモル濃度は当該技術分野で既知の技法に従って測定する。
分子量は、図3A、図5A及び図6に示されるように軟骨細胞挙動に影響を有する。MMP−3、IL−6及びアグリカンに対するキトサン40kDaの効果は、20kDaによって得られる効果とは有意に異なる。キトサン20kDaは、40kDaキトサンよりもIL−6及びMMP−3の合成に対する効果が小さいが、アグリカン合成に対しては40kDaよりも効果的である。このことにより、天然キトサンの生物活性が直接分子量に依存することが明らかに実証される。
Claims (12)
- 軟骨形成細胞を含むヒドロゲルマトリックスを作製する方法であって、
アルギネートの溶液を準備する工程と、
60kD未満のMwを有するキトサンを含む溶液を準備する工程と、
前記アルギネートの溶液及び前記キトサンの溶液を軟骨形成細胞と混合する工程であって、混合溶液が0.5%(w/v)〜0.7%(w/v)のキトサン及び1%(w/v)〜1.4%(w/v)のアルギネートを含み、
前記混合溶液の液滴をCa2+カチオン又はSr2+カチオンを含む溶液に導入する工程と、
前記カチオンを含む溶液から重合ビーズを単離する工程と
を含む、軟骨形成細胞を含むヒドロゲルマトリックスを作製する方法。 - 前記混合溶液が0.6%のキトサンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合溶液が1.2%のアルギネートを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記混合溶液中のアルギネート及びキトサンが1.75〜2.25の比率で存在する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記キトサンが35kD〜45kDのMwを有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 軟骨形成細胞を含む前記ビーズを成長培地中で培養する工程を更に含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記成長培地が血清を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記液滴を針に通して直径0.01mm〜5mmの粒子を得る、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 直径0.01mm〜5mmの球状ヒドロゲルビーズであって、アルギネートと60kD未満のMwを有するキトサンとの均質混合物を含み、前記マトリックス内に軟骨形成細胞を更に含み、該ビーズが1%〜1.4%のアルギネート及び0.5%〜0.7%のキトサンを含むことを特徴とする、直径0.01mm〜5mmの球状ヒドロゲルビーズ。
- 1.2%のアルギネートを含む、請求項9に記載のビーズ。
- 0.6%のキトサンを含む、請求項9又は10に記載のビーズ。
- 前記キトサンが35kD〜45kDのMwを有する、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載のビーズ。
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US20110229565A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2011-09-22 | Karp Jeffrey M | Drug Delivery Composition Comprising a Self-Assembled Gelator |
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WO2017193139A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Binary self assembled gels for controlled delivery of encapsulated agents to cartilage |
US11020410B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Self-assembled gels formed with anti-retroviral drugs, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical uses thereof |
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JP2022526302A (ja) | 2019-03-21 | 2022-05-24 | アンテロジェン シーオー.,エルティーディー. | 間葉系幹細胞-ヒドロゲルを含有する注射用組成物、並びにその製造、凍結及び解凍方法 |
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CN100381568C (zh) * | 2005-04-27 | 2008-04-16 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | 一种生物微胶囊化的方法 |
ITPD20060203A1 (it) * | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-23 | Univ Degli Studi Trieste | Idrogeli di miscele di polisaccaridi per l'ingegneria tissutale e la veicolazione di composti attivi |
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CN101285053A (zh) * | 2008-05-28 | 2008-10-15 | 大连理工大学 | 一种动态悬浮条件下共同培养脐血造血干细胞与间充质干细胞的方法 |
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