JP5269596B2 - 血管新生のプロテインキナーゼcペプチドモジュレーター - Google Patents
血管新生のプロテインキナーゼcペプチドモジュレーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP5269596B2 JP5269596B2 JP2008531446A JP2008531446A JP5269596B2 JP 5269596 B2 JP5269596 B2 JP 5269596B2 JP 2008531446 A JP2008531446 A JP 2008531446A JP 2008531446 A JP2008531446 A JP 2008531446A JP 5269596 B2 JP5269596 B2 JP 5269596B2
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Description
本開示発明は、血管新生を予防または阻害するための、および/または血管透過性を予防または阻害するための、プロテインキナーゼCアイソフォームのペプチドモジュレーターの使用に関する。
血管新生は、損傷または傷害後に、傷を治癒するためおよび組織に血流を回復するために、健康体に生じる。血管新生はまた、癌、糖尿病性失明、滲出型(wet)加齢黄斑変性、関節リウマチ、乾癬、アテローム、カポジ肉腫、血管腫、急性および慢性腎症、動脈再狭窄、自己免疫疾患、急性炎症、リンパ浮腫、子宮内膜症、不正子宮出血、および70を超える他の症状などの、多くの疾患に関連する。これらおよび他の疾患では、望ましくない血管新生としても知られている新しい血管の不適切な発達が、病変組織を扶養する役割を果たして正常組織を破壊する場合があり、また癌の場合には、新しい血管が腫瘍転移を促進し得る。
血管新生プロセスは、典型的には損傷部位での血管新生増殖因子の産生および放出から始まり、増殖因子は近傍の組織へと拡散する。これらの増殖因子は、近くの既存の血管の内皮細胞に結合して内皮細胞を活性化する。複雑なシグナルカスケードシステムによって、活性化された内皮細胞は増殖し、それらの近傍の環境を変化させ始める。増殖する内皮細胞は、血管新生増殖因子の発生源に向かって転出し、新しい血管の基礎を形成する。内皮細胞は結局、管および血管を形成し、それは血管新生増殖ホルモンを分泌する領域に血液を供給する役目を果たす。
プロテインキナーゼC (PKC)は、細胞増殖、遺伝子発現調節、およびイオンチャネル活性を含む、様々な細胞の機能に関係するシグナル伝達における鍵となる酵素である。PKCファミリーのアイソザイムには少なくとも11の異なるプロテインキナーゼが含まれ、それらのホモロジーおよび活性化物質への感度に基づいて、少なくとも3つのサブファミリーに分けることができる。古典的サブファミリー、即ちcPKCサブファミリーのメンバー、α、β (βI、βII)およびγアイソザイムは、アイソザイム独自(可変またはV)の領域によって互いに隔てられて配置されている四つの相同ドメイン(C1、C2、C3およびC4)を含み、また活性化のためにカルシウム、ホスファチジルセリン(PS)、およびジアシルグリセロール(DG)またはホルボールエステルを必要とする。新規サブファミリー、即ちnPKCサブファミリーのメンバー、δ、ε、η、およびθアイソザイムは、C2相同ドメインを欠き、活性化のためにカルシウムを必要としない。最後に、非典型的サブファミリー、即ちaPKCサブファミリーのメンバー、ζおよびλ/ιアイソザイムは、C2相同ドメインおよびC1相同ドメインの半分の両方を欠き、DG、ホルボールエステル、およびカルシウムに非感受性である。
本発明は、単離された、プロテインキナーゼC (PKC)βまたはδ阻害ペプチドを意図する。該ペプチドは、血管新生阻害活性および/または血管透過性阻害活性を有する。ある態様では、ペプチドは、配列番号:6、8、10、14、16、17、18、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、および28からなる群より選択されるペプチドと50%を越える配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む。他の態様では、ペプチドは、配列番号:6、8、10、14、16、17、18、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、および28からなる群より選択される配列を有する。さらなる態様では、ペプチドは、ポリArg、TAT、およびショウジョウバエアンテナペディアホメオドメインを非限定的に含む担体に接合されている。担体に接合されたペプチドには、配列番号:7、9、11、および15として同定された配列を有するペプチドが含まれる。
開示される本発明は、血管新生を予防もしくは阻害する、および/または望ましくない血管透過性を予防もしくは阻害するための、様々なプロテインキナーゼCアイソザイムのペプチドモジュレーターの使用に関する。PKCアイソザイムのペプチドモジュレーターは、1つまたは複数のPKCアイソザイムの活性を、促進するかまたは阻害するいずれかのペプチドである。好ましい態様では、ペプチドモジュレーターは特異的に単一のPKCアイソザイムに作用する。非特異的にPKCを調節するペプチドもまた意図する。
PKC活性は、血管新生において役割を果たす。内皮細胞は低酸素状態に応答して、PKCアイソザイムの活性を調節する。文献に、例えば心臓組織におけるこれらの効果について述べられている。モデルとして糖尿病性網膜症を用いて、血管新生におけるPKCアイソザイムの役割を説明する。
PKC活性は、滲出型加齢黄斑変性(滲出型AMD)の進行に役割を果たすと主張されてきた。この疾患では、網膜色素上皮(RPE)の損傷が、血管新生増殖因子、即ち血管新生応答を促進または誘起するサイトカインおよびプロテアーゼの分泌を引き起こすと考えられている。脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)を有する膜の臨床的試料は、血管内皮細胞増殖因子(VEGF)、血小板由来増殖因子(PDGF)、形質転換増殖因子(TGF)のレベルの上昇を示し、これらの因子はすべて血管新生または脈管新生を促進することが知られている。
PKCアイソザイムの様々なペプチドモジュレーターについては、以前から記述されてきた。例えば、米国特許第5,783,405号は、β、θ、δ、ε、およびγアイソザイムを含むPKCアイソザイムの活性を調節する多くのペプチドについて記述する。係属中の米国特許出願第10/843,271号は、δPKCを調節するペプチドおよびその誘導体について記述する。米国特許第6,165,977号は、εPKCモジュレーションペプチドおよびその誘導体について記述する。米国特許第6,855,693号は、α、βI、βII、γ、δ、ε、η、μ、θ、およびζアイソザイム由来の、調節する様々なペプチドおよび改変された断片について記述する。各特許および特許出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
を有し;
βIIPKC V5ドメインは、配列
を有し;および
δPKC V5ドメインは、配列
を有する。ある態様では、阻害ペプチドは、配列番号:1、2、もしくは3の、3〜25、6〜20、6〜15、もしくは6〜12個の連続する残基を含むか、または配列番号:1、2、もしくは3の、3〜25、6〜20、6〜15、もしくは6〜12個の連続する残基を含むペプチドと50%を越える配列同一性を有する。実質的に可変ドメインと相補的な阻害ペプチドはまた、保存ドメインとも部分的に重なり得る。
これらの製剤または組成物を調製する方法には、本発明の化合物と、担体と、および任意で1つまたは複数の補助成分とを1つにまとめる工程が含まれる。一般に製剤を、本発明の化合物と、液体担体または微粉にした固体担体、あるいは両方とを、一様にかつ緻密に1つにまとめ、次に、必要な場合は、生成物を成形して調製する。
これらの化合物を任意の適当な投与経路により、ヒトおよび他の動物に、治療のために投与できる。本明細書に用いる用語、投与の「経路」は、皮下注射、静脈注射、眼球内注射、皮内注射、筋肉注射、腹腔内注射、気管内投与、硬膜外投与、吸入、鼻腔内投与、経口投与、舌下投与、頬内投与、直腸内投与、膣内投与、槽内投与、および局所投与が、非限定的に含まれるよう意図される。開示された化合物は、全身投与した場合、有効性を有する。
眼用製剤および点眼薬は、本発明の範囲内のものとして意図される。特定の態様では、硝子体内注入および眼球周辺投与が、許容される投与経路である。一回または反復投与、あるいは徐放性投与もまた意図する。
本発明の処置方法の抗癌効果には、抗腫瘍効果、応答速度、疾患進行の時間、および生存率が非限定的に含まれる。本発明の処置方法の抗腫瘍効果には、腫瘍増殖阻害、腫瘍増殖遅延、腫瘍退行、腫瘍収縮、治療停止した場合の腫瘍の再生増殖時間の増大、疾患進行の減速が非限定的に含まれる。癌処置が必要な被験体に本発明の処置方法を行う場合、該処置方法は、例えば、抗腫瘍効果の程度、応答率、疾患進行の時間、および生存率の1つまたは複数によって測定されるような効果を生むであろうことが期待される。抗癌効果には、既存の疾患の処置だけでなく、予防的処置も含まれる。
本発明はまた、開示したPKC阻害ペプチドを用いるスクリーニング方法を提供する。
本発明はまた、本発明の治療レジメンを実行するためのキットを提供する。そのようなキットは、PKCβおよび/またはδに対してアイソザイム特異的阻害活性を有する治療的有効量のペプチドを、薬学的に許容される形態で、単独でまたは他の薬剤と組み合わせて薬学的に許容される形態で含む。好ましい剤形は、ペプチドを、滅菌食塩水、デキストロース溶液、緩衝液または他の薬学的に許容される滅菌液体と組み合わせて含む。または、組成物は凍結乾燥されても、乾燥されていてもよい。この実例では、キットはさらに、好ましくは無菌の薬学的に許容される溶液を、注射目的の溶液を形成するために含んでもよい。別の態様ではキットはさらに、組成物を注射するために、針または注射器を好ましくは無菌の形態で包装して、含んでもよい。他の態様では、キットはさらに、被験体へ組成物を投与するための指示手段を含む。指示手段は、挿入書面、オーディオテープ、視聴覚テープ、または被験体への組成物の投与を教示する任意の他の手段であり得る。
PKCの阻害はVEGF産生に影響を与える
PKCはまた、血管平滑筋細胞および網膜内皮細胞におけるVEGF発現の調節に関係すると考えられてきた(Soucy et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17:555-63 および Mamputu et al., J. Diabetes Complications 16:284-93 (2002)をそれぞれ参照のこと)。一次ラット網膜色素上皮細胞(RPE)で行われた実験では、PKC-δは、PMAに24時間曝した後では、RPE中で有意に下方制御されたことが示された。正常もしくは高グルコース中、または低酸素でのVEGFの分泌は、PMAで24時間処置された後は有意に低下したが、PKC-ζ特異的阻害剤では低下しなかった。これらの実験は、高グルコースおよび低酸素条件で、PKCアイソザイムが活性化され、またそれらがVEGFの発現に必要であることを示した。VEGFの分泌は、低酸素では促進され、かつPKC-δによって制御されるように見える。RPE細胞は、PKCアイソザイムによって制御されるVEGFの発現および分泌を通じて、高グルコースおよび低酸素によって引き起こされる網膜症の発病に寄与している可能性がある(Young et al., Exp. Eye Res., 80:651-62 (2005))。
両方のβPKCアイソザイムが血管新生に必要である
角膜の血管新生モデルを用いて、両方のβPKCアイソザイムが血管新生に必要であることを実証した。VEGFのみ(対照)またはVEGFおよびPKCアイソザイムのペプチド阻害剤(試験)のいずれかを含むELVAXペレット(DU PONT)を、ウサギ角膜の縁郭毛細管近傍に埋込んだ。新しい血管が、埋込み部位に向かって縁郭から成長する。試験および対照の角膜に、規則的に血管新生スコアを割り当てた。スコアは、新しい血管の長さと密度の積である。
血管新生スコア=血管の密度×血管の長さ。
血管の密度=新しく形成された血管の数(0〜6のスコア)。
血管の長さ=血管新生領域(縁郭からペレットまで mm)、0〜5のスコアによって計算する。図1は、採点の例を示す。
図2A〜Dに示されるように、7日目および10日目に測定した場合、βIIPKC特異的阻害剤で処置されたウサギ角膜は、血管新生を実質的に予防していた。
上述のβIおよびβIIPKC特異的阻害剤、およびα、β、γPKC阻害剤(TAT (配列番号:5)にジスルフィド結合によって接合されたCSLNPEWNET (配列番号:11)を含む、βC2〜4 (配列番号:10))の影響を、角膜のシステムで試験した。血管新生スコアを測定した。結果を図3A〜Cに示す。AおよびBはスコアを経時的に示し、Cは12日目のスコアを示す。Aの対照ペプチドは、配列CPDYHDAGI (配列番号:12)を有するスクランブル化(scrambled)対照1ペプチドであり、一方B中のPKCレギュレーターは、ΨεRACK、CHDAPIGYD (配列番号:13)であって、両方ともTAT (配列番号:5)に接合されている。
δPKCの阻害は、VEGFによって誘起される血管新生を減少させる
上述の角膜モデルを用いて、δPKCアイソザイム特異的阻害剤の血管新生への影響を試験した。この研究では、200ngのVEGF (VEGF121またはVEGF165)を、対照ペプチド(TAT (配列番号:5)に接合されたΨεRACK、CHDAPIGYD (配列番号:12))の存在下で、あるいは500ngのδPKC阻害剤KAI-9803 (配列番号:14)(ジスルフィド結合によってTAT (配列番号:5)へ接合されたCSFNSYELGSL (配列番号:15)を含む)と共に、あるいはペプチド2、dV5 (配列番号:16)(TAT (配列番号:5)にジスルフィド結合によって接合されたCYSDKNLIDSM (配列番号:17)を含む)と共に、ウサギの角膜に挿入した。これらの実験のデータを図4に示す。
PKC阻害剤は血管透過性に影響を与える
マイルズ(Miles)分析を用いて、PKCモジュレーターが、VEGFにより誘起される血管透過性に影響を与えることを実証した。この研究では、動物に、エバンスブルー色素を静脈注射した。動物に、増大していく用量のVEGFを、PKCモジュレーターと共に皮内投与した。血漿溢出が、被験体の皮膚上に可視の青いスポットをもたらした。スポットを取り出して、色素を抽出し、その量を分光測光によって測定した。
を有する直鎖βIを、マイルズ分析で試験した。結果を図5A〜Cに示す。結果は、分析が、2つのβPKC阻害ペプチドの直接の比較を可能にし、したがって該分析がペプチドモジュレーターの相対的な血漿溢出を減少させる能力を測定するための有用な分析であることを実証する。両方のペプチドは、血管透過性を、ビヒクルのみと比較して低下させた。
ウサギへの投与
放射性同位体で標識されたTATペプチド、[14C]-YGXaaRKKRRQRRR (配列番号:19) (10μCi)を各眼に5滴ずつ投与した(4匹のウサギの両眼(n=8個の眼)のそれぞれに総量50μCi、各眼に総量3mgを投与)。各投与には1時間の間隔をあけ、最後の投与の15分後に動物を屠殺した。組織試料を取り出して分析し、局所的分布を決定した。結果を以下に示す。
硝子体:365ng/g組織(+/-203)、投与総用量の0.006%。
脈絡膜:3.4μg/g組織(+/-3.1)、投与総用量の0.003%。
網膜:1.6μg/g組織(+/-0.6)、投与総用量の0.001%。
強膜:28.4μ/g組織(+/-28.1)、投与総用量の0.134%。
これらの結果は、極めて少量の化合物しか後部区分に達しなかったことを示す。
ラットへの投与
ラットに、0.8mgのKAI-9706-TAMRA(TAMRAに接合されたCHDAPIGYD (配列番号:13))をIPVによって送達した。注射の10分後に、動物を安楽死させ、ホルムアルデヒドで潅流した。免疫蛍光検査法分析のために器官を取り出した。赤色はTAMRAからの蛍光を、青色は核(DAPI染色)を示した。多数の異なる眼の切片を、蛍光について検査し、それらは赤い蛍光を示した。このことは、IPV注入によって、PKC調節ペプチドを眼に送達することができることを示している。
眼球内での安定性
硝子体液を、最近安楽死させられたブタの眼から、インサイチューで眼に注射器を直接挿入して液体を抜き取ることにより、取り出した。この液体を次に、KAI-9803 (配列番号:14)の、「インビトロの」硝子体での安定性研究に用いた。硝子体液を含む3本の試験管に一定濃度のペプチドを加え、添加後の様々な時間に、5%トリクロロ酢酸を加えて、試験管を遠心して沈殿物質を除き、上清をHPLCにより分析した。
Claims (20)
- 配列番号:7、9、11、15、および17からなる群より選択される配列からなる単離されたペプチドであって、血管新生阻害活性および/または血管透過性阻害活性を有し、担体に接合されている、ペプチド。
- 配列番号:7、9、11、および15からなる群より選択される配列からなる、請求項1記載のペプチド。
- 担体が、ポリArg、TAT、およびショウジョウバエアンテナペディアホメオドメインからなる群より選択される、請求項1または2記載のペプチド。
- ジスルフィド結合により担体に接合されている、請求項1記載のペプチド。
- 担体が配列番号:5の配列からなる、請求項4記載のペプチド。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤および請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載のペプチドを含む、薬学的製剤。
- 被検体における血管新生および/または血管透過性の阻害に使用するための、請求項1記載のペプチド。
- 被験体の眼球組織に投与される、請求項7記載のペプチド。
- 被験体が黄斑変性を有する、請求項8記載のペプチド。
- 被験体が、癌、糖尿病性失明、黄斑変性、関節リウマチ、または乾癬を有する、請求項7記載のペプチド。
- 被験体が関節リウマチを有する、請求項7記載のペプチド。
- 抗血管新生剤で細胞を処置する工程をさらに含む、請求項7記載のペプチド。
- 抗血管新生剤が、VEGF、FGF、PDGFB、EGF、LPA、HGF、PD-ECF、IL-8、アンジオジェニン、TNF-α、TGF-β、TGF-α、プロリフェリン、およびPLGFからなる群の内の少なくとも1つを阻害する、請求項12記載のペプチド。
- 請求項1記載のペプチドを含む、被検体における血管新生および/または血管透過性を阻害するための薬学的組成物。
- 被験体の眼球組織に投与される、請求項14記載の薬学的組成物。
- 被験体が黄斑変性を有する、請求項15記載の薬学的組成物。
- 被験体が、癌、糖尿病性失明、黄斑変性、関節リウマチ、または乾癬を有する、請求項14記載の薬学的組成物。
- 被験体が関節リウマチを有する、請求項14記載の薬学的組成物。
- 抗血管新生剤で細胞を処置する工程をさらに含む、請求項14記載の薬学的組成物。
- 抗血管新生剤が、VEGF、FGF、PDGFB、EGF、LPA、HGF、PD-ECF、IL-8、アンジオジェニン、TNF-α、TGF-β、TGF-α、プロリフェリン、およびPLGFからなる群の内の少なくとも1つを阻害する、請求項19記載の薬学的組成物。
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US71850805P | 2005-09-19 | 2005-09-19 | |
US60/718,508 | 2005-09-19 | ||
PCT/US2006/036568 WO2007035782A2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2006-09-19 | Protein kinase c peptide modulators of angiogenesis |
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JP2009508879A JP2009508879A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
JP5269596B2 true JP5269596B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
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JP2008531446A Expired - Fee Related JP5269596B2 (ja) | 2005-09-19 | 2006-09-19 | 血管新生のプロテインキナーゼcペプチドモジュレーター |
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US (2) | US20070141040A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1934338A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5269596B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080080486A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101305092A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006292228B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2644089A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007035782A2 (ja) |
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US7265092B2 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2007-09-04 | Kai Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulation |
KR101552843B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-16 | 2015-09-14 | 카이 파마슈티컬즈 | 부갑상선 기능항진증 및 고칼슘혈증 장애의 치료를 위한 폴리양이온성 칼슘 조절제 펩타이드 |
US20090048174A1 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-02-19 | Mochly-Rosen Daria D | Methods for inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth by inhibition of beta or delta protein kinase C |
CA2989778C (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2020-06-30 | Kai Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method of modifying peptide compositions |
US20090137493A1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2009-05-28 | Mochly-Rosen Daria D | Inhibition of tumor metastases using protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors |
CN101820756A (zh) * | 2007-08-27 | 2010-09-01 | 凯制药公司 | 保护免受细胞损伤和炎症且促进星形胶质细胞增殖的蛋白激酶C-δ抑制剂 |
WO2009111169A2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-11 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Compositions comprising pkc-delta modulators and methods for ocular neuroprotection |
WO2010111533A2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | Kai Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Transdermal delivery of pkc modulatory peptides through microporated skin |
WO2011005525A2 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-01-13 | Health Research Inc. | Prodrug anti-cancer therapy |
WO2011041385A2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-07 | Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc. | Use of protein kinase c delta (pkcd) inhibitors to treat diabetes, obesity, and hepatic steatosis |
GB2490547A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-07 | Univ Aston | Tissue transglutaminase inhibitors for use in the treatment of angiogenesis |
CN103897038A (zh) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-02 | 中国药科大学 | 一种肿瘤抑制多肽及用途 |
CN110520144B (zh) * | 2017-02-19 | 2024-04-05 | 本-古里安大学B.G.内盖夫技术和应用公司 | 肽激酶抑制剂及其使用方法 |
WO2020112565A1 (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Antagonists of mitofusion 1 and beta ii pkc association for treating heart failure |
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US5304121A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1994-04-19 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Drug delivery system making use of a hydrogel polymer coating |
US5994341A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1999-11-30 | Angiogenesis Technologies, Inc. | Anti-angiogenic Compositions and methods for the treatment of arthritis |
US5783405A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1998-07-21 | Terrapin Technologies, Inc. | Rapid screening method for effectors of signal transduction |
US6099562A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 2000-08-08 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Drug coating with topcoat |
US6165977A (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2000-12-26 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Isozyme-specific activators of protein kinase C methods and compositions |
AU2002226061B2 (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2007-08-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Peptides for activation and inhibition of delta PKC |
EP2332559A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2011-06-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Peptides for the treatment of pain |
WO2005107789A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-17 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Use of delta pkc peptides for modulation of reactive oxigen species |
US7002107B2 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2006-02-21 | Nooh Abulsamad Moahammed H | Electric clay and earthenware oven for general purpose heating, cooking, and baking in a house, restaurants and the like |
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2006
- 2006-09-19 EP EP06814988A patent/EP1934338A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-19 CA CA002644089A patent/CA2644089A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-19 JP JP2008531446A patent/JP5269596B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-19 KR KR1020087009539A patent/KR20080080486A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-09-19 AU AU2006292228A patent/AU2006292228B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-09-19 US US11/524,350 patent/US20070141040A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-19 EP EP10158274A patent/EP2194124A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-19 WO PCT/US2006/036568 patent/WO2007035782A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-09-19 CN CNA2006800422793A patent/CN101305092A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
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EP1934338A2 (en) | 2008-06-25 |
AU2006292228B2 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
CN101305092A (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
US20110098224A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
CA2644089A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
WO2007035782A2 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
WO2007035782A3 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
JP2009508879A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
AU2006292228A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
US20070141040A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
KR20080080486A (ko) | 2008-09-04 |
EP2194124A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
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