JP5260814B2 - Manufacturing method of functional compost - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compost derived from organic waste, in particular those relating to the production how the functional compost having a plant disease control function.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Recently, it has been widely used to compost organic waste such as sludge, raw garbage, and livestock excreta generated at sewage treatment plants and human waste treatment plants. Attempts have been made to add plant disease control functions and the like.
When such functional compost having a plant disease control function is applied to, for example, a field or a golf course, a pesticide is reduced to control plant diseases by the action of useful microorganisms, and the compost itself Product value can be increased to increase demand, and zero emission can be promoted.

And as a manufacturing method of the functional compost which has the said plant disease control function, the various methods as shown below are tried.
First, the method disclosed in JP-A-8-175924 is to produce compost by fermenting and ripening the cut grass as a raw material, and inoculating the compost with microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus.
However, in this method, among the microorganisms present in the raw material, many microorganisms that can withstand the heat (about 60 ° C.) when the raw material is fermented remain in the compost, and even if useful microorganisms are inoculated. If this product cannot maintain its superiority over other microorganisms, it will not grow sufficiently.

In addition, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-241089 is based on conditions under which microorganisms present in the raw material are sterilized (compost organic material for 3 days or more at a temperature of 55 ° C. or more, more preferably 60 ° C. or more) And forcibly cooled to a temperature at which useful microorganisms can grow (less than 55 ° C., more preferably less than 50 ° C., more preferably 20-50 ° C.), and then inoculated with useful microorganisms, Functional compost is produced by holding or fermenting under conditions where useful microorganisms grow.
However, in this method, since there are actually many microorganisms that can withstand a temperature of about 60 ° C., there is a limit to the sterilization of microorganisms existing in the raw material by fermentation heat, and the processing time is also long. It was a long one.
Further, since the forced cooling means is based on ventilation to the compost, it takes a long time for cooling, and other microorganisms remaining during this time grow.

Furthermore, after inoculating useful microorganisms on raw materials sterilized by γ-rays or combined use of ethyl alcohol and heating, subsequent fermentation treatment is performed to grow and spore the useful microorganisms to produce functional compost. There is also a method (announced at the 46th Shizuoka Industrial Technology Center Research Presentation), but since the material temperature during the fermentation process becomes high (about 60 ° C.), useful microorganisms are also killed.
Moreover, even if it is a useful microorganism which acquires a heat resistance by forming a spore, not all will be spore-ized and it will die during the fermentation process at high temperature.
Furthermore, when ethyl alcohol remains in the compost, the growth of useful microorganisms may be hindered, so that it is necessary to appropriately remove ethyl alcohol.

Furthermore, in the above three methods, a culture solution in which useful microorganisms are cultured is directly inoculated into raw materials or compost, and this culture solution takes time to culture and is difficult to preserve. It was necessary to cultivate useful microorganisms in advance every time the production of was carried out. For this reason, it is difficult to manufacture a large amount of functional compost at a time.

[Technical issues for which development was attempted]
The present invention was made aware of this background, the development of manufacturing how novel functional compost which can be reasonably and efficiently producing a functional compost having a plant disease control function Is a technical issue.

[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the method for producing functional compost according to claim 1 is obtained by fermenting the organic waste in the method for producing functional compost obtained by adding a specific function to compost obtained by fermenting organic waste. The compost is forcibly heat-treated at a temperature of 80 to 120 ° C., then the compost is forcibly cooled by both air cooling and water cooling, and then a specific function is added by inoculating and growing useful microorganisms in the compost. It is characterized by this.
According to this invention, since the compost is forcibly heat-treated, the superiority of the inoculated useful microorganism over other microorganisms can be kept high by sterilizing the microorganisms present in the compost. For this reason, useful microorganisms are easy to grow, and finally functional compost containing many useful microorganisms can be produced. In addition, the microorganisms present in the compost can be sterilized more effectively, and the superiority of the inoculated useful microorganisms over other microorganisms can be kept higher.
In addition, since the compost is effectively cooled, other microorganisms other than useful microorganisms are prevented from growing during the composting, and the superiority of the inoculated useful microorganisms to other microorganisms is kept higher. Can do.

In addition to the above requirements, the method for producing functional compost according to claim 2 is characterized by inoculating compost in a state where the useful microorganism is supported on a carrier.
According to this invention, the useful microorganisms supported on the carrier can be evenly distributed in the compost, and the useful microorganisms can be suitably grown.

Furthermore, in the method for producing functional compost according to claim 3, in addition to the requirement according to claim 2, the carrier is pearlite, and after impregnating the pearlite with a culture solution containing useful microorganisms, It is characterized in that useful microorganisms are supported on pearlite by drying.
According to this invention, since useful microorganisms can be handled in the state of the granular material carry | supported by the pearlite, inoculation to a compost can be performed easily. Moreover, since the liquid component of the culture solution is dried, long-term storage becomes possible.

Furthermore, the method for producing functional compost according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in addition to the above requirements, the useful microorganism is Bacillus subtilis.
According to this invention, the occurrence of turfgrass disease in soil subjected to functional compost can be suppressed by the action of Bacillus subtilis.

Furthermore, in addition to the requirement of the said claim 4, the manufacturing method of the functional compost of Claim 5 adds the moisture value of the said compost to 40-55% W. B. It is characterized by inoculating Bacillus subtilis in a state adjusted to (wet base).
According to this invention, the growth of Bacillus subtilis inoculated into compost can be promoted.

Furthermore, the functional compost production method according to claim 6 is inoculated with Bacillus subtilis in a state in which the pH value of the compost is adjusted to 7 to 9 in addition to the requirements of claim 4 or 5. Is a feature.
According to the present invention, it is possible to promote the growth of Bacillus subtilis inoculated into compost and to promote spore formation.
The above problems can be solved by using the configuration of the invention described in each of the claims as a means.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter will be described with the manufacturing how the functional compost of the invention, prior to this description, previously described functional compost production apparatus 1 which is provided for carrying out the present invention.
The functional compost manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a stirring and mixing apparatus 2 to which a conical ribbon mixing vacuum dryer as shown in FIG. 1 is applied as a main member, and the raw material charged in a sealable processing tank 20 is used. The compost C is configured to be mixed and agitated by the rotary blades 29, and the water vapor generated from the compost C can be exhausted.

The treatment tank 20 is provided with a similar inverted conical jacket outer body 20b at an appropriate interval with respect to almost the entire outside of the inner plate 20a formed in an inverted conical shape. By closing the upper opening of 20b with a top plate 21, the inner space of the inner plate 20a is made a sealed space.

Further, a jama plate 22 is appropriately provided between the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b so as to connect both members, and a circulation path for a heat medium such as cold water, hot water, steam, and oil is formed. An inflow pipe 23 is attached to the lower part of the jacket outer body 20 b, while an outflow pipe 24 is attached to the upper part, and the heat medium circulator 3 described later is connected to the inflow pipe 23 and the outflow pipe 24.
Further, an air supply port 25a penetrating the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b is formed at the lower portion of the processing tank 20, and a discharge port 26 is formed at the bottom.
Further, the top plate 21 is formed with a charging port 25 and an exhaust port 27, and an exhaust device 4 described later is connected to the exhaust port 27.

The top plate 21 is provided with a motor M and a speed reducer 28, and an output shaft thereof is connected to a rotary shaft 29a in a conical ribbon rotary blade, which is an example of the rotary blade 29 disposed in the processing tank 20. Two narrow ribbon blades 29b are attached to the rotating shaft 29a with a phase shifted by 180 °. Incidentally, the rotary blade 29 can be configured to have only one ribbon blade 29b.

In this embodiment, the exhaust device 4 including the bag filter 40, the capacitor 41, and the vacuum pump 42 is provided on the rear side of the exhaust port 27 formed in the top plate 21. Further, an air supply device 5 including a flow meter 50 and a filter 52 is connected to the air supply port 25a. In place of the vacuum pump 42, an exhaust fan can be substituted.

Hereinafter, a method for producing the functional compost of the present invention will be described.
In the following explanation, when inoculating useful microorganisms on compost C, it will be explained by dividing it into a method using a culture solution of useful microorganisms and a method using a granular material carrying useful microorganisms on a carrier. .
I. Production method 1 of functional compost; culture solution method First, a production method of functional compost C using a culture solution of useful microorganisms will be described. Examples of the useful microorganisms include microorganisms that suppress plant pathogens. In this embodiment, for example, Bacillus bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus having an inhibitory effect on Rhizoctonia bacteria that is a pathogen of turfgrass disease (large patch disease). Adopts subtilis bacteria. The Bacillus subtilis is an aerobic bacterium that grows under aerobic conditions.

(1) Manufacture of compost First of all, in composting process P0, raw materials containing organic matter such as processed food waste such as dashi and okara, food waste such as cooking waste and leftover food, sludge, livestock dung, etc. The compost C is obtained by fermentation using an appropriate composter that is not.
In this embodiment, as an example, compost C was obtained by subjecting livestock excrement used as a raw material to a fermenting process using a circulating composting apparatus.

(2) Manufacture of culture solution In the useful microorganism preparation step P1 prior to the production of functional compost C1, a culture solution is prepared according to the amount of compost C used to obtain a desired amount of functional compost C1. is there. In this embodiment, as an example, spores of Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10 ¹¹ CFU / g) were dispersed in water at 40 ° C., and cultured with shaking for 120 hours while maintaining the temperature to produce a culture solution. .

(3) Heat treatment of compost Next, the process proceeds to the heating step P2 to heat the compost C. The compost C is put into the treatment tank 20 of the stirring and mixing device 2 and the motor M is activated to rotate the blade. 29 is rotated. And hot water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat-medium circulation apparatus 3, and the temperature of the processing tank 20 and the compost C is set to 80-120 degreeC by allowing this warm water to pass between the inner board 20a and the jacket outer body 20b. Keep this state for about 1 hour. The microorganisms present in the compost C are killed by such heat treatment.

(4) Compost Cooling Process Subsequently, the process proceeds to the cooling step P3 to cool the compost C, and cold water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulation device 2, and this cold water is supplied to the inner plate 20a and the outer jacket. By passing between the body 20b, the temperature of the processing tank 20 and the compost C is lowered to about 40 ° C.
At the same time, by supplying cooling air to the air supply port 25a by the air supply device 5, the compost C is directly cooled by the cooling air. At this time, the cooling air is supplied to the compost C through the filter 52 to prevent invasion of various bacteria. Moreover, since the filter 40 is provided also in the part of the exhaust port 27, invasion of various germs can be avoided.
By such a cooling treatment, the temperature of the compost C is lowered in a short time to a temperature range suitable for the growth of useful microorganisms, and even when other microorganisms remain in the compost C, the growth thereof. Can be avoided.

(5) Adjustment of moisture value Subsequently, the process proceeds to a moisture value adjustment step P4 to adjust the moisture value of the compost C. As an example, 40 to 55% W.V. B. (Wet base).
Specifically, when the moisture value of the compost C that has finished the cooling step P3 is lower than the above value, water is appropriately sprayed into the treatment tank 20, while when the moisture value is higher than the above value. The exhaust device 4 is activated to remove moisture from the compost C. The higher the moisture value of compost C (50 to 55% WB), the more the growth and spore formation of Bacillus subtilis inoculated into this compost C is promoted. Since the properties of C are also different, the moisture value of compost C here is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the function as a final product.

(6) Adjustment of pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index) Subsequently, the process proceeds to pH value adjustment step P5 to adjust the pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index value) of compost C, and is 7 to 9 as an example. . Specifically, the pH value is adjusted by spraying sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide or the like as appropriate to the compost C after the cooling step P3.
The higher the pH value of compost C (8-9), the more the growth of Bacillus subtilis inoculated into this compost C is promoted. However, considering the function as the final product, etc. Adjust as appropriate.

(7) Inoculation of useful microorganisms The Bacillus subtilis is transferred to the inoculation step P6 by adding a culture solution to the compost C pretreated in the water content adjustment step P4 and the pH value adjustment step P5 described above. As an example, the inoculation concentration was 1.0 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-ds.
Note that the inoculation concentration of the Bacillus subtilis is within the range of 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 1.0 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-ds because there is little effect on growth and spore formation due to the difference in inoculation concentration. I just need it.

(8) Propagation of useful microorganisms Next, the process proceeds to the growth step P7, where hot water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulation device 2, and this hot water is passed between the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b. The temperature of the processing tank 20 and the compost C is kept at about 40 ° C.
At the same time, external air is supplied to the compost C by the air supply device 5 through the air supply port 25a.
And the operation | movement by this multiplication process P7 is continued for 72 hours, The growth of Bacillus subtilis is aimed at.
As a result of the inhibition circle test, it was confirmed that the functional compost C1 obtained as described above has a good inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria (Rhizoctonia).

II. Functional Compost Production Method 2; Carrier Method Next, a functional compost production method using a granular material in which useful microorganisms are supported on a carrier will be described. In this production method, the composting process P0, the heating process P2, the cooling process P3, the moisture value adjusting process P4, the pH value adjusting process P5, and the growth process P7 are performed as described above. It adopts the same mode as each step in “Manufacturing method of compost”.

(1) Manufacture of compost First of all, in composting process P0, raw materials containing organic matter such as processed food waste such as dashi and okara, food waste such as cooking waste and leftover food, sludge, livestock dung, etc. The compost C is obtained by fermentation using an appropriate composter that is not.

(2) Production of carrier carrying useful microorganisms Prior to production of functional compost C1, useful microorganisms are carried on the carrier in useful microorganism preparation step P1.
Specifically, in this embodiment, pearlite (φ = 3 to 5 mm) is used as the carrier. First, in the heat treatment step P11, the carrier is sterilized by heat treatment (121 ° C., 15 minutes) with high-pressure steam. .
Next, this carrier is immersed in a culture solution of Bacillus subtilis, which is a useful microorganism, in the impregnation step P12. In this embodiment, the carrier was used at a ratio of 25 ml of the culture solution to 3 g of pearlite.

Next, the entire container subjected to immersion in the drying step P13 is put into a desiccator, and is dried at a temperature of 40 ° C. to remove moisture. B. State.
During such drying, Bacillus subtilis in the culture medium is adhered and supported on the porous interior and surface of pearlite, and should be placed in an environment inappropriate for growth and growth (here, low moisture value). Therefore, it becomes a spore. The spore-forming Bacillus subtilis is highly resistant to heat, drying, etc., and then emerges and begins to grow and proliferate when the environmental conditions improve.
As a result of the inhibition circle test, it was confirmed that the carrier (perlite) carrying Bacillus subtilis as described above has a good inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria (lysoctonia).

(3) Heat processing of compost Next, it transfers to the heating process P2, and heat-processes the compost C, The microorganisms which existed in the compost C are killed.

(4) Compost Cooling Process Subsequently, the process proceeds to the cooling step P3 to cool the compost C, and the temperature of the compost C is forcibly lowered to about 40 ° C. by both air cooling and water cooling.
By such a cooling treatment, the temperature of the compost C is lowered in a short time to a temperature range suitable for the growth of useful microorganisms, and even when other microorganisms remain in the compost C, the growth thereof. Can be avoided.

(5) Adjustment of moisture value Subsequently, the process proceeds to a moisture value adjustment step P4 to adjust the moisture value of the compost C. As an example, 40 to 55% W.V. B. And

(6) Adjustment of pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index) Subsequently, the process proceeds to pH value adjustment step P5 to adjust the pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index value) of compost C, and is 7 to 9 as an example. .

(7) Inoculation of useful microorganisms Then, the process proceeds to the inoculation step P6, and Bacillus subtilis is added to the compost C that has been pretreated in the water content adjustment step P4 and the pH value adjustment step P5 described above. As an example, the inoculation concentration was 1.6 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-ds.
Note that the inoculation concentration of the Bacillus subtilis is within the range of 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 1.0 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-ds because there is little effect on growth and spore formation due to the difference in inoculation concentration. I just need it.

(8) Propagation of useful microorganisms Next, the process proceeds to the growth step P7, where hot water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulation device 2, and this hot water is passed between the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b. The temperature of the processing tank 20 and the compost C is kept at about 40 ° C.
At the same time, external air is supplied to the compost C by the air supply device 5 through the air supply port 25a.
At this time, since pearlite as a carrier has many fine pores, Bacillus subtilis bacteria inhabit this pore, but when added to compost C, it migrates to and grows in compost C.
And the operation | movement by this multiplication process P7 is continued for 72 hours, The growth of Bacillus subtilis is aimed at.
As a result of the inhibition circle test, it was confirmed that the functional compost C1 obtained as described above has a good inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria (Rhizoctonia).

[Other embodiments]
Although the present invention is based on the above-described embodiment, the following embodiment can also be adopted based on the technical idea of the present invention.
In the basic embodiment described above, the embodiment in which the moisture value adjusting step P4 and the pH value adjusting step P5 are performed after the cooling step P3 has been described. However, the moisture value and pH value of the compost C (hydrogen ion concentration index value). ) Is in a state suitable for the growth and proliferation of useful microorganisms, either one or both of the moisture value adjusting step P4 and the pH value adjusting step P5 can be omitted.

【Effect of the invention】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the functional compost which has a plant disease control function can be manufactured rationally and efficiently. For this reason, when functional compost is applied to, for example, fields and golf courses, pesticides are reduced to control plant diseases by the action of useful microorganisms. As a result, the commercial value of compost itself is improved. Demand can be increased and zero emissions will be promoted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Figure 1]
It is a skeleton figure which shows the functional compost manufacturing apparatus with which this invention is implemented.
[Figure 2]
It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of a functional compost using the culture solution of a useful microorganism.
[Fig. 3]
It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of a functional compost using the granular material which carry | supported the useful microorganisms on the support | carrier.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Functional compost manufacturing apparatus 2 Stirring mixing apparatus 20 Processing tank 20a Inner plate 20b Jacket outer body 21 Top plate 22 Jama plate 23 Inflow pipe 24 Outflow pipe 25 Input port 25a Supply port 26 Discharge port 27 Exhaust port 28 Reducer 29 Rotation Blade 29a Rotating shaft 29b Ribbon blade 3 Heat medium circulator 4 Exhaust device 40 Bag filter 41 Capacitor 42 Vacuum pump 5 Air supply device 50 Flow meter 52 Filter C Compost C1 Functional compost P0 Composting process P1 Useful microorganism preparation process P11 Heat treatment process P12 impregnation process P13 drying process P2 heating process P3 cooling process P4 moisture value adjusting process P5 pH value adjusting process P6 inoculation process P7 breeding process M motor

Claims (6)

In the method for producing functional compost obtained by adding a specific function to compost obtained by fermenting organic waste, the compost obtained by fermenting the organic waste is forcibly heated at a temperature of 80 to 120 ° C. A method for producing functional compost, characterized in that after treatment, the compost is forcibly cooled by both air cooling and water cooling, and then a specific function is added by inoculating and growing useful microorganisms on the compost.
The method for producing functional compost according to claim 1, wherein the useful microorganism is inoculated into a compost in a state of being supported on a carrier.
3. The functional compost according to claim 2, wherein the carrier is pearlite, and the pearlite is loaded with the useful microorganisms by impregnating the pearlite with a culture solution containing the useful microorganisms and then drying the liquid component. Manufacturing method.
The method for producing functional compost according to claim 1, wherein the useful microorganism is Bacillus subtilis.
The moisture value of the compost is 40-55% W.V. B. The method for producing functional compost according to claim 4, wherein inoculation with Bacillus subtilis is performed in a state adjusted to 5%.
The method for producing functional compost according to claim 4 or 5, wherein inoculation with Bacillus subtilis is performed in a state where the pH value of the compost is adjusted to 7-9.

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