JP2003095775A - Method of producing functional compost, and compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of rationally and efficiency production a new functional compost having a plant disease control function, and to develop a technique of developing the compost. SOLUTION: This method comprises forcibly heat treating the compost C obtained by fermenting organic wastes, the inoculating and proliferating the compost C with useful microorganisms thereby adding specific functions to the compost. The microorganisms existing thus far in the compost C are sterilized in order to forcibly heat treat the compost C, by which the predominance characteristic of the inoculated useful microorganisms with another microorganisms can be maintained high. Consequently, the useful microorganisms are liable to proliferate and the functional compost C1 containing the many useful microorganisms can be produced in the final.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a compost obtained from organic waste, and more particularly to a method for producing a functional compost having a plant disease controlling function and a compost product.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recently, it has been widely used to compost organic waste such as sludge, raw waste, livestock manure, etc. generated in a sewage treatment plant and a human waste treatment plant, and is useful for this composting. Attempts have been made to inoculate microorganisms to add a plant disease control function and the like. A functional compost having such a plant disease control function is applied to, for example, a field or a golf course, in order to reduce the plant disease by the action of useful microorganisms, and the pesticide is reduced. The product value can be increased and the demand can be increased, and zero emission will be promoted.

As a method for producing the functional compost having the plant disease controlling function, various methods as described below have been tried. First, JP-A-8-17592
The method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4 is to ferment and mature raw grass, which is a raw material, to produce compost, and inoculate this compost with a microorganism of the genus Bacillus to grow it. However, in this method, among the microorganisms existing in the raw material, many of the microorganisms that withstand the heat (about 60 ° C.) when the raw material is fermented remain in the compost, and even if useful microorganisms are inoculated If this one cannot maintain its superiority over other microorganisms, it will not grow sufficiently.

The method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-241089 discloses the conditions under which the microorganisms present in the organic raw material for compost are sterilized (at a temperature of 55 ° C. or higher for 3 days or longer, more preferably 60 ° C.). Fermentation at the above temperature for 1 week or more), after which useful microorganisms can grow (55 ℃)
Less, more preferably less than 50 ° C, even more preferably 20
After forced cooling to ~ 50 ℃), inoculate useful microorganisms,
Next, the functional compost is produced by holding or fermenting under the condition that useful microorganisms grow. However, in this method, in reality, many microorganisms that can withstand a temperature of about 60 ° C. exist, so there is a limit to the sterilization of the microorganisms existing in the raw material by the heat of fermentation, and the treatment time is long. It was a reach. The means of forced cooling is
Since this is due to aeration of the compost, it takes a long time to cool, and other microorganisms remaining during this period grow.

Furthermore, the useful microorganisms are inoculated into the raw material that has been sterilized by γ-rays or by the combined use of ethyl alcohol and heating, and subsequently the fermentation treatment is carried out to proliferate and sporulate the useful microorganisms for functionality. There is also a method of producing compost (announced at the 46th Shizuoka Industrial Technology Center Research Presentation), but the material temperature during fermentation is high (about 60%).
Therefore, useful microorganisms are also killed. In addition, even useful microorganisms that form spores and acquire heat resistance,
Not all are sporulated and die during fermentation at high temperature. Furthermore, when ethyl alcohol remains in the compost, the growth of useful microorganisms may be hindered, so that it is necessary to appropriately remove ethyl alcohol.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned three methods are for directly inoculating a raw material or compost with a culture solution in which useful microorganisms are cultivated. Since this culture solution takes a long time to culture and is difficult to store, It was necessary to culture the useful microorganisms in advance every time the functional compost was manufactured. For this reason, it is currently difficult to manufacture a large amount of functional compost at one time.

[0007]

The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and a novel novel compost capable of rationally and efficiently producing a functional compost having a plant disease controlling function. The technical issues are the production method of functional compost and the development of compost products.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 1 is a method for producing a functional compost in which a specific function is added to a compost obtained by fermenting an organic waste. It is characterized in that compost obtained by fermenting an organic waste is forcibly heat-treated, and then useful microorganisms are inoculated and grown on the compost to add a specific function. According to the present invention, since compost is forcibly heat-treated, it is possible to keep the superiority of the inoculated useful microorganisms over other microorganisms by sterilizing the microorganisms existing in the compost. Therefore, useful microorganisms easily grow,
Finally, a functional compost containing a large amount of useful microorganisms can be produced.

In addition to the above requirements, the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 2 is characterized in that the temperature of the compost during the heat treatment is 80 to 120 ° C. According to this invention, the microorganisms present in the compost can be sterilized more effectively, and the superiority of the inoculated useful microorganisms to other microorganisms can be kept higher.

Further, in addition to the above requirements, the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 3 is characterized in that after the heat treatment of the compost, the compost is forcibly cooled by both air cooling and water cooling. Is. According to this invention, since the cooling of the compost is effectively performed, it is possible to prevent the growth of other microorganisms other than the useful microorganism during the compost, and to make the inoculated useful microorganism more superior to the other microorganisms. Can be kept higher.

Furthermore, the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in addition to the above-mentioned requirements, the useful microorganism is inoculated into the compost while being carried on a carrier. According to the present invention, the useful microorganisms carried on the carrier can be evenly distributed in the compost, and the useful microorganisms can be appropriately grown.

Further, in the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 5, in addition to the requirements according to claim 4, the carrier is perlite, and the perlite is impregnated with a culture solution containing a useful microorganism. , The useful microorganisms are carried on perlite by drying the liquid component. According to the present invention, since useful microorganisms can be handled in the form of granular materials supported on perlite, it is possible to easily inoculate compost. Further, since the liquid component of the culture solution is dried, it can be stored for a long time.

Furthermore, in addition to the above requirements, the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 6 is characterized in that the useful microorganism is Bacillus subtilis. According to this invention, the action of Bacillus subtilis can suppress the occurrence of turfgrass disease in the soil to which functional compost has been applied.

Further, in the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 7, in addition to the requirement according to claim 6, the moisture value of the compost is 40 to 55% W. B. It is characterized in that the Bacillus subtilis bacterium is inoculated in the state of being adjusted to 1. According to this invention, the growth of Bacillus subtilis bacteria inoculated into compost can be promoted.

Further, in the method for producing a functional compost according to claim 8, in addition to the requirements according to claim 6 or 7, inoculation of Bacillus subtilis with the pH value of the compost adjusted to 7-9. It is characterized by performing. According to this invention, it is possible to promote the growth of Bacillus subtilis bacteria inoculated into compost and also promote sporulation.

Furthermore, the compost product according to claim 9 is characterized by being manufactured by the method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. According to the present invention, when the compost product having the plant disease controlling function of the present invention is applied to, for example, a field or a golf course, pesticide reduction is achieved in order to control the plant disease by the action of useful microorganisms. At the same time, the product value of the compost itself can be improved and its demand can be increased, thus promoting zero emission. The problems can be solved by using the configurations of the invention described in each of these claims.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a method for producing a functional compost and a compost product according to the present invention will be described. Prior to this explanation, a functional compost producing apparatus 1 provided for carrying out the present invention will be explained. deep. The functional compost manufacturing apparatus 1 is mainly equipped with a stirring and mixing apparatus 2 to which a conical ribbon mixing vacuum dryer as shown in FIG. 1 is applied, and a raw material put into a closable processing tank 20. The barrel compost C is configured to be mixed and stirred by the rotary blades 29, and the water vapor and the like generated from the compost C can be exhausted.

In the processing tank 20, a similar outer cone-shaped jacket outer body 20b is arranged at an appropriate interval over substantially the entire outer side of the inner plate 20a formed in the inverted cone shape. By closing the upper opening of the outer jacket body 20b with the top plate 21, the inner space of the inner plate 20a is made a closed space.

Further, the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20
A baffle plate 22 is provided between b and b so as to connect both members and form a circulation path for a heat medium such as cold water, hot water, steam, or oil. And the outer jacket body 20b
The inflow pipe 23 is attached to the lower part of the above, while the outflow pipe 24 is attached to the upper part thereof, and the heat medium circulator 3 described later is connected to the inflow pipe 23 and the outflow pipe 24.
Further, an air supply port 25a penetrating the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b is formed in the lower part of the processing tank 20, and an exhaust port 26 is formed in the bottom part. Further, an inlet 25 and an exhaust port 27 are formed on the top plate 21, and the exhaust port 2
An exhaust device 4 to be described later is connected to 7.

A motor M and a speed reducer 28 are provided on the top plate 21, and an output shaft thereof is connected to a rotary shaft 29a of a conical ribbon rotary blade which is an example of the rotary blade 29 arranged in the processing tank 20. To do. Two narrow ribbon blades 29b are attached to the rotating shaft 29a with their phases shifted by 180 °. Incidentally, the rotary blade 29 may be configured to have only one ribbon blade 29b.

Further, in this embodiment, the exhaust device 4 including the bag filter 40, the condenser 41 and the vacuum pump 42 is provided at the rear side of the exhaust port 27 formed in the top plate 21. Further, a flow meter 50 is provided for the air supply port 25a.
And the air supply device 5 with the filter 52 is connected. An exhaust fan can be used instead of the vacuum pump 42.

The method for producing the functional compost of the present invention will be described below. In the following description, when inoculating useful microorganisms to compost C, a method of using a useful microorganism culture solution and a method of using a granular material in which the useful microorganisms are carried on a carrier will be separately described. . I. Method 1 for producing functional compost; culture solution method First, a method for producing functional compost C using a culture solution of a useful microorganism will be described. Examples of the useful microorganisms include plant pathogen-inhibiting microorganisms, and in this embodiment, as an example, a Bacillus bacterium that is a Bacillus bacterium having an inhibitory effect on Rhizoctonia, which is a pathogen of turfgrass disease (large patch disease). Adopt subtilis. The Bacillus subtilis bacterium is an aerobic bacterium that grows under aerobic conditions.

(1) Manufacture of compost First of all, in the composting process P0,
Compost C is obtained by fermenting raw materials containing organic substances such as processed food waste such as okara, raw food waste such as cooking waste and leftovers, sludge, livestock manure, etc. using an appropriate composter not shown. Is. In this embodiment, as an example, compost C is obtained by fermenting livestock manure used as a raw material with a circulating composting device.

(2) Prior to the production of the culture solution and the production of the functional compost C1, the desired amount of the functional compost C1 was prepared in the useful microorganism preparation step P1.
The culture solution is prepared according to the amount of compost C used to obtain the above. In this embodiment, as an example, spores of Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10 ¹¹ CFU /
g) is dispersed in water at 40 ° C., and the temperature is maintained at 120
The culture solution was produced by performing shaking culture for a period of time.

(3) Heat treatment of compost Next, the process moves to the heating step P2 to heat the compost C. The compost C is put into the treatment tank 20 of the stirring and mixing apparatus 2 and the motor M is started. To rotate the rotor blade 29. Then, hot water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulation device 3, and the hot water is passed between the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b, so that the temperatures of the treatment tank 20 and the compost C are adjusted to 80 to 120 ° C. Keep
This state is continued for about 1 hour. By such heat treatment, the microorganisms existing in the compost C are killed.

(4) Cooling treatment of compost Subsequently, the process moves to the cooling step P3 to cool the compost C. The cold water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulating device 2, and the cold water is supplied to the inner plate 20a. The temperature of the treatment tank 20 and the compost C is lowered to about 40 ° C. by passing the heat treatment liquid from the outer jacket body 20b. At the same time, by supplying cooling air to the air supply port 25a by the air supply device 5, the compost C is directly cooled by the cooling air. At this time, the cooling air was supplied to the compost C through the filter 52 to prevent invasion of various bacteria. Further, since the filter 40 is also provided at the exhaust port 27, it is possible to avoid invasion of various bacteria. By such cooling treatment, the temperature of the compost C is lowered to a temperature range suitable for the growth of useful microorganisms in a short time, and even if other microorganisms remain in the compost C, the growth of the compost C does not occur. Can be avoided.

(5) Adjustment of Moisture Value Subsequently, the process moves to the moisture value adjusting step P4 to adjust the moisture value of the compost C, which is, for example, 40 to 55%.
W. B. And Specifically, when the water content of the compost C after the cooling step P3 is lower than the above value, the treatment tank 2
When the water content is higher than the above value, the exhaust device 4 is activated to remove the water content of the compost C. The higher the water content of compost C (50-55% WB), the more the growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis bacteria inoculated into this compost C is promoted. Since the property of C also differs, the moisture value of the compost C here is to be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the function as a final product.

(6) Adjustment of pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index) Subsequently, the process proceeds to the pH value adjusting step P5, and p of compost C is adjusted.
The H value (hydrogen ion concentration index value) is adjusted,
It is set to 7 to 9 as an example. Specifically, the pH value is adjusted by appropriately spraying sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, or the like on the compost C after the cooling step P3. The higher the pH value of compost C (8-9),
Although the growth of Bacillus subtilis bacteria inoculated into this compost C is promoted, it may be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the function as a final product.

(7) Inoculation of useful microorganisms and the process proceeds to the inoculation step P6, and the culture solution is added to the compost C which has been pretreated in the water content adjusting step P4 and the pH value adjusting step P5 described above, so that Bacillus Inoculation with subtilis bacterium, for example, the inoculation concentration was set to 1.0 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-ds. Regarding the inoculation concentration of this Bacillus subtilis bacterium, since there is little influence on the growth and sporulation due to the difference in the inoculation concentration, 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 1.0 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g
It may be within the range of -ds.

(8) Propagation of useful microorganisms Then, the process proceeds to the proliferation step P7, hot water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulating device 2, and this hot water is passed between the inner plate 20a and the outer jacket body 20b. By doing so, the temperatures of the processing tank 20 and the compost C are maintained at about 40 ° C. At the same time, the air supply device 5 supplies the outside air to the compost C through the air supply port 25a. Then, by continuing the operation according to the growth step P7 for 72 hours, the growth of Bacillus subtilis is achieved. The functional compost C1 obtained as described above is the result of the inhibition circle test,
It was confirmed that the inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria (Rhizoctonia) was good.

II. Method 2 for producing functional compost; carrier method Next, a method for producing functional compost using a granular material in which a useful microorganism is carried on a carrier will be described. In addition, in this manufacturing method, the composting step P0, the heating step P2, the cooling step P3, the moisture value adjusting step P4, the pH value adjusting step P5, and the growth step P7 are the same as those described above in “Functionality using a useful microorganism culture solution”. The same aspect as each step in the “compost manufacturing method” is employed.

(1) Manufacture of compost First, in the composting process P0, leave
Compost C is obtained by fermenting raw materials containing organic substances such as processed food waste such as okara, raw food waste such as cooking waste and leftovers, sludge, livestock manure, etc. using an appropriate composter not shown. Is.

(2) Prior to the production of the carrier carrying the useful microorganism and the production of the functional compost C1, the useful microorganism is carried on the carrier in the useful microorganism preparing step P1. Specifically, in this embodiment, pearlite (φ = 3 to 5 mm) is used as a carrier, and first, in the heat treatment step P11, the carrier is subjected to heat treatment (121 ° C., 15 minutes) with high-pressure steam for sterilization. . Then, this carrier is immersed in a culture solution of Bacillus subtilis bacterium which is a useful microorganism in the impregnation step P12, and in this embodiment, the culture solution was used in a ratio of 25 ml to 3 g of perlite.

Next, in the drying step P13, the container subjected to the immersion is put into a desiccator, which is dried at a temperature of 40 ° C. to remove water, and the water content is about 7%.
W. B. State. During such drying, the Bacillus subtilis bacteria in the culture medium should be adhered and supported inside and on the surface of the perlite porous body and placed in an environment inappropriate for growth and proliferation (here, low water content). Therefore, it will be sporulated. Sporulated Bacillus subtilis bacteria show strong resistance to heat, dryness, etc. After that, when environmental conditions improve, they germinate and develop.
It starts to grow. The carrier carrying Bacillus subtilis bacteria (perlite) as described above was tested as a pathogenic bacterium (rhizoctonia) by itself in the inhibition circle test.
It was confirmed that the effect of suppressing

(3) Heat treatment of compost Next, the process moves to the heating step P2 to heat the compost C and kills the microorganisms existing in the compost C.

(4) Cooling treatment of compost Subsequently, the process moves to the cooling step P3 to cool the compost C, and the temperature of the compost C is forcibly lowered to about 40 ° C. by both air cooling and water cooling. . By such cooling treatment, the temperature of the compost C is lowered to a temperature range suitable for the growth of useful microorganisms in a short time,
Even if other microorganisms remain in the compost C, their growth can be avoided.

(5) Adjustment of Moisture Value Subsequently, the process moves to the moisture value adjusting step P4 to adjust the moisture value of the compost C, which is, for example, 40 to 55%.
W. B. And

(6) Adjustment of pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index) Subsequently, the process proceeds to the pH value adjusting step P5, and p of compost C is adjusted.
The H value (hydrogen ion concentration index value) is adjusted,
It is set to 7 to 9 as an example.

(7) Inoculation of useful microorganisms and the process proceeds to the inoculation step P6, in which the carrier is added to the compost C which has been pretreated in the water content adjusting step P4 and the pH value adjusting step P5 described above. Subtilis bacteria are inoculated, and as an example, the inoculation concentration was set to 1.6 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-ds. Regarding the inoculation concentration of this Bacillus subtilis bacterium, since there is little influence on the growth and sporulation due to the difference in inoculation concentration, 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 1.0 × 10 ⁶ CFU / g-
It only needs to be within the range of ds.

(8) Propagation of useful microorganisms Then, the process proceeds to the proliferation step P7, hot water is supplied to the inflow pipe 23 by the heat medium circulating device 2, and this hot water is passed between the inner plate 20a and the jacket outer body 20b. By doing so, the temperatures of the processing tank 20 and the compost C are maintained at about 40 ° C. At the same time, the air supply device 5 supplies the outside air to the compost C through the air supply port 25a. At this time, since the carrier pearlite has a large number of fine pores, Bacillus subtilis bacteria inhabit the pores, but when added to the compost C, it migrates into the compost C and proliferates.
Then, by continuing the operation according to the growth step P7 for 72 hours, the growth of Bacillus subtilis is achieved. Functional compost C obtained as described above
As a result of the inhibition circle test, it was confirmed that No. 1 had a good inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria (Rhizoctonia).

[0041]

Other Embodiments The present invention is based on the above-described embodiments, but the following embodiments may be adopted based on the technical idea of the present invention. it can. In the above-described basic embodiment, after the cooling step P3, the moisture value adjusting step P4 and the pH value adjusting step P are performed.
5 shows the embodiment, but if the moisture value and pH value (hydrogen ion concentration index value) of compost C are in a state suitable for the growth and growth of useful microorganisms, these moisture value adjusting step P4 and pH One or both of the value adjustment step P5 can be omitted.

[0042]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a functional compost having a plant disease controlling function can be produced rationally and efficiently. Therefore, when the functional compost is applied to, for example, a field or a golf course, pesticide reduction is achieved in order to control plant diseases by the action of useful microorganisms, and as a result, the commercial value of the compost itself is improved. Demand can be increased and zero emission is promoted.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram showing a functional compost manufacturing apparatus used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a functional compost using a culture solution of a useful microorganism.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a functional compost using a granular material in which a useful microorganism is supported on a carrier.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Functional composting equipment 2 stirring and mixing equipment 20 treatment tanks 20a inner plate 20b Jacket outer body 21 Top plate 22 Jama Board 23 Inflow pipe 24 Outflow pipe 25 slot 25a Air supply port 26 outlet 27 Exhaust port 28 reducer 29 rotors 29a rotating shaft 29b ribbon wings 3 Heat medium circulation machine 4 exhaust system 40 Bug Filter 41 Capacitor 42 vacuum pump 5 Air supply device 50 flow meter 52 Filter C compost C1 Functional compost P0 composting process P1 useful microorganism preparation process P11 heat treatment process P12 impregnation process P13 drying process P2 heating process P3 cooling process P4 Moisture value adjustment process P5 pH value adjustment process P6 inoculation process P7 proliferation process M motor

Continued front page    F-term (reference) 4D004 AA02 AA03 AA04 BA04 CA15                       CA19 CA22 CA32 CA35 CA46                       CB04 CB27 CB31 CC02 CC07                       CC08 DA02 DA03 DA09 DA20                 4D059 AA01 AA07 AA08 BA03 BA21                       BA22 BA25 BA27 BA48 BA56                       BF13 BF14 BJ04 BK13 CC01                       DA53 EB01 EB05                 4H061 AA02 CC36 CC51 CC55 EE43                       EE66 GG18 GG49 HH44 LL02                       LL22 LL26

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a functional compost in which a specific function is added to a compost obtained by fermenting an organic waste, wherein compost obtained by fermenting the organic waste is forcibly heat-treated. Then, a method for producing a functional compost, which comprises adding a specific function by inoculating and growing a useful microorganism on the compost. 2. The temperature of the compost during the heat treatment is set to 8
The method for producing a functional compost according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is 0 to 120 ° C. 3. The method for producing a functional compost according to claim 1, wherein after the heat treatment of the compost, the compost is forcibly cooled by both air cooling and water cooling. 4. The compost is inoculated in a state where the useful microorganisms are carried on a carrier.
2. The method for producing the functional compost according to 2 or 3. 5. The carrier is perlite, wherein the perlite is loaded with useful microorganisms by impregnating the perlite with a culture solution containing useful microorganisms and then drying the liquid component. A method for producing the described functional compost. 6. The method for producing a functional compost according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the useful microorganism is Bacillus subtilis. 7. The water content of the compost is 40 to 55%.
W. B. The method for producing a functional compost according to claim 6, wherein the Bacillus subtilis bacterium is inoculated in a state of being adjusted to the above. 8. The method for producing a functional compost according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis is performed while the pH value of the compost is adjusted to 7-9. 9. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
Alternatively, a compost product having functionality, which is produced by the method described in 8.