JP5256303B2 - 中空繊維膜、その製造方法、及びその使用 - Google Patents
中空繊維膜、その製造方法、及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5256303B2 JP5256303B2 JP2010541033A JP2010541033A JP5256303B2 JP 5256303 B2 JP5256303 B2 JP 5256303B2 JP 2010541033 A JP2010541033 A JP 2010541033A JP 2010541033 A JP2010541033 A JP 2010541033A JP 5256303 B2 JP5256303 B2 JP 5256303B2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940081735 acetylcellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001747 Cellulose diacetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000001601 blood-air barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZURAKLKIKYCUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.[Cu+2] ZURAKLKIKYCUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LBCCPKFTHIBIKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aethyl-propyl-glyoxal Natural products CCCC(=O)C(=O)CC LBCCPKFTHIBIKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010041277 Sodium retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- MWVFCEVNXHTDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-2,3-dione Chemical group CCCC(=O)C(C)=O MWVFCEVNXHTDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006316 polyvinylpyrrolidine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical class CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002441 uremic toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
- B01D69/088—Co-extrusion; Co-spinning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/031—Two or more types of hollow fibres within one bundle or within one potting or tube-sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/081—Hollow fibre membranes characterised by the fibre diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
- B01D69/0871—Fibre guidance after spinning through the manufacturing apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1212—Coextruded layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/10—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/14—Esters of organic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/22—Cellulose ethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/06—Specific viscosities of materials involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
a)2つの紡績剤溶液A及びBを提供する工程、ここで、溶液Aがエステル化セルロースの溶液であり、溶液Bがポリビニールピロリドン(PVP)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)、ポリエチレンイミド(PEI)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、フッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリイミド(PI)、ポリスルホン(PSU)、及び/又は、ポリウレタン(PU)、及びこれらの混合物を含む群から選択されるポリマーを含む溶液であり、
b)凝結槽の温度を40〜95℃に設定する工程、
c)中空繊維紡糸口金によって、内部凝結剤と溶液A及びBとを接触させる工程、
d)溶液A及びB中で溶解した物質から構成される押出材を凝固させ、凝結させる工程、を含む中空繊維膜の製造方法によって達成される。
本発明の中空繊維は、いわゆる位相反転プロセスによって製造される。
初めに、2つの紡績剤溶液A及びBを作製する。第1の紡績剤溶液Aは、中空繊維膜の中空側選択層の材料を含み、第2の紡績剤溶液Bは、支持層の材料を含む。
本発明の膜における必須の物理的なパラメーターの測定
さらに膜を特徴付けるために、純粋なガスを用いて浸透テストを実施した。このために、約1barのガスで中空繊維の中空側に過剰の圧力をかけ、膜上のガスの流量を測定した。結果は、下記の表に示す。
Claims (18)
- 多孔性の支持層と緻密な選択層を含む同時押出材から構成され、緻密な選択層は、二価のカチオンに対して不浸透性を有すると共にエステル化セルロースから構成されており、該選択層の厚みが800nm未満であることを特徴とする支持された尿素選択性の中空繊維膜。
- 選択層の厚みが100nm〜800nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の中空繊維膜。
- 選択層がアセチルセルロースから構成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の中空繊維膜。
- アセチルセルロースのアシル化度が0.5〜3であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の中空繊維膜。
- 選択層が一日当り10〜80g/m2 の尿素透過性を有すること、又は、選択層が一日当り10〜80g/m2 の尿素透過性を有し且つ無細孔であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の中空繊維膜。
- 支持層の材料がポリビニールピロリドン(PVP),ポリエーテルスルホン(PES),ポリエーテルイミド(PEI),ポリアミド(PA),ポリカーボネート(PC),ポリスチレン(PS),ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA),フッ化ビニリデン(PVDF),ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN),ポリイミド(PI),ポリスルホン(PSU)、及び/又は、ポリウレタン(PU)、及びこれらの混合物から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の中空繊維膜。
- 支持層の厚みが20〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の中空繊維膜。
- 中空繊維膜は、内径が20μm〜1mmであること、又は、内径が20μm〜1mmであり且つ全壁厚みが20〜100μmであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の中空繊維膜。
- 請求項1乃至8の何れか1項に記載の中空繊維膜を製造する方法であって、以下の工程、
a)2つの紡績剤溶液A及びBを提供する工程、ここで、溶液Aがエステル化セルロースの溶液であり、溶液Bがポリビニールピロリドン(PVP)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)、ポリエチレンイミド(PEI)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、フッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリイミド(PI)、ポリスルホン(PSU)、及び/又は、ポリウレタン(PU)、及びこれらの混合物を含む群から選択されるポリマーを含む溶液であり、
b)凝結槽の温度を40〜95℃に設定する工程、
c)中空繊維紡糸口金によって、内部凝結剤と溶液A及びBとを接触させる工程、
d)溶液A及びB中で溶解した物質から構成される押出材を凝固させ、凝結させる工程、
を備えることを特徴とする方法。 - 紡績剤溶液Aの粘度が10000〜17000mPa・sであること、又は、紡績剤溶液Aの粘度が10000〜17000mPa・sであり且つ紡績剤溶液Aが25〜40wt%のセルロースジアセテートをジメチルアセトアミド中に含んでいることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 紡績剤溶液Aの粘度が7000〜13000mPa・sであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 紡績剤溶液Bが15〜35%のポリスルホン、4〜8%のポリビニールピロリドンを、ジメチルアセトアミドの他に含んでいることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 凝結剤として水を使用することを特徴とする請求項9乃至12の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 紡績速度が200〜400mm/sであること、又は、紡績速度が200〜400mm/sであり且つ紡績ブロックの温度を5〜90℃に設定することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 請求項9乃至14の何れか1項に記載の方法によって製造されることを特徴とする中空繊維膜。
- 請求項1乃至8及び15の何れか1項に記載された中空繊維膜を複数用いて構成されていることを特徴とする膜フィルタ。
- ナノ濾過における分離プロセスのために請求項16に記載の膜フィルタを使用することを特徴とする膜フィルタの使用。
- 透析処置のために膜フィルタを使用すること、又は、透析処置のために膜フィルタを使用し且つ使用済みの透析物質を再生するために膜フィルタを使用することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の膜フィルタの使用。
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US8784664B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
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