JP5249030B2 - 金ナノ粒子製造の方法および物品 - Google Patents
金ナノ粒子製造の方法および物品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5249030B2 JP5249030B2 JP2008529296A JP2008529296A JP5249030B2 JP 5249030 B2 JP5249030 B2 JP 5249030B2 JP 2008529296 A JP2008529296 A JP 2008529296A JP 2008529296 A JP2008529296 A JP 2008529296A JP 5249030 B2 JP5249030 B2 JP 5249030B2
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- Prior art keywords
- gold
- gold nanoparticles
- nanoparticles
- amino acid
- phosphino
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Description
本発明の1つの例示的な方法は、金塩をホスフィノアミノ酸と反応させるステップを含み、1つの詳細な例示的な方法は、反応、
R’=水素、アルキル(C1〜C6)、またはアミノ保護基
R”=ORA、NRARBまたはRC;ここでRA=RB=水素、アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、またはカルボニル保護基;あるいはRA=RB=ピロリジノ、ピペリジノ、またはチオモルホリノ環であり;RC=アルキル、フェニル、またはベンジル;
ホスフィノアミノ酸は、好ましくはコンジュゲートアミノ酸である。好ましいホスフィノアミノ酸は、トリマーアラニンホスフィンコンジュゲート(「TAAC」すなわちP(CH2NHCH3COOH)3)であり、水中、25℃で、生理学的pHでのNaAuCl4との相互作用時に、優れた収率および数密度で金ナノ粒子を製造する。TAACは構造、
例示的手順#1(25℃にて実施):
・デンプン0.1875グラムをDI水50mlに添加して、約100℃に加熱してデンプンを溶解させた。
・別の容器で、DI水1mlにTAAC 0.0337グラムを溶解させた。
・DI水1mlにNaAuCl40.039グラムを溶解させて、金原液を調製した。
・別の20mlバイアルで、デンプン溶液6mlにNaAuCl4溶液100μlを撹拌しながら合せた。
・デンプン/金溶液を含有する20mlバイアルに、TAAC溶液20μlを撹拌しながら添加した。
金ナノ粒子のある生物医学用途では、X線コントラスト増強剤での、またX線ベース療法でのその使用を含めて、金ナノ粒子を製造して、生体適合性調合物中で安定させることが重要である。生体適合性調合物は、強刺激性化学薬品を伴わない合成を可能にする合成プロセスの開発を含む。次のプロセスは、溶媒としての水の使用、また生体適合性リン酸緩衝液およびナノ粒子開始剤および安定剤としての食用アラビアゴムの使用を可能にする。
・GA溶液の還流溶液に、0.1M NaAuCl40.1mlを絶えず撹拌しながら添加する。
・溶液の色は透明から暗赤色にただちに変化して、金ナノ粒子の生成を示す。
・撹拌は2分間継続する。
・安定化アガロース:約11〜15nm、平均約13nm
・安定化グルコース:約20〜24nm、平均約22nm
・安定化アラビアゴム:約8〜12nm、平均約10nm
を含む。これらの安定剤すべてによって比較的狭い分布が達成されることに注意する。一例として、本発明の方法によって製造された金ナノ粒子の少なくとも約80%が、上記の対応する範囲内で均一サイズ範囲を有し得る(たとえば18〜22nm、11〜15nm、または8〜12nmのいずれかにおいて少なくとも約80%)。これらの各種安定剤すべてが、生物医学用途を含む用途に十分に適した金ナノ粒子平均直径(10nm〜22nm)を生じたことにさらに注目する。他のサイズが検討され、代わりの安定剤、還元剤および比の選択によって達成可能であり、追加の例示的なサイズは約3〜30nmおよびその他である。
生体分子によって官能化するさらなる例示的なステップは、次のように提供される。
本発明の方法によって作製された金ナノ粒子の例示的な用途としては、腫瘍を検知、撮像、および腫瘍の縮小を補助するために、腫瘍と共に使用することが挙げられる。腫瘍細胞を標的化するための金ナノ粒子の適合性に関する重要なパラメータは、金ナノ粒子がハイブリッド生体分子によって官能化され得る有効性である。本発明の方法では、金ナノ粒子の標的特異性を達成することは、腫瘍指向性ペプチドまたは他の生体分子とのそのコンジュゲーションのステップによって実施され得る。生体分子の受容体結合親和性に悪影響を及ぼさないコンジュゲーションプロトコルを開発することが望ましい。約25℃および生理学的pHにて金ナノ粒子をコンジュゲートするステップは、金ナノ粒子による標識プロトコルで使用される標的特異性ペプチドの結合親和性の保持に十分に適している。本明細書において、「標識」という用語は広範に解釈されるものとし、付着またはコンジュゲーションを含み得る。
本発明の例示的な方法の他のステップは、標識特異性生体タンパク質またはペプチドを金ナノ粒子で標識することなどの潜在的用途のための実行可能な金ナノ粒子標識手法を開発するために、金ナノ粒子をタンパク質などの生体分子によってコンジュゲートすることを含む。例示的なタンパク質はアラビアゴムであり、アラビノガラクタン(AG)は好ましい例である。AGは、食品産業で広範に使用される糖タンパク質である。AGは、より低い分子量ポリサッカライド(分子量約0.25×106;主成分)およびより高い分子量の、ヒドロキシプロリンが豊富な糖タンパク質(分子量約2.5×106;副成分)の混合物である。本発明の例示的な実施形態は、ナノ粒子が製造されるのと同時に、アラビノガラクタン(AG)タンパク質を金ナノ粒子によって標識することを含む。
本発明の例示的な方法によって、金ナノ粒子は、癌診断/治療剤の開発における潜在的な用途のために腫瘍部位へ方向付けられ得る。1つの例示的な目的は、X線コンピュータ断層撮影法(CT)および超音波(US)撮像技法における金ナノ粒子のコントラスト増強を利用することである。金ナノ粒子の治療用類似体は、本発明の方法内で対応する放射性Au−198同位体を使用して製造され得る。本発明の例示的な方法は、金ナノ粒子にペプチドをコンジュゲートするステップを含み得る。金ナノ粒子に腫瘍指向性ペプチドを結合するためのコンジュゲートのステップは、癌特異性診断および治療剤の設計および開発のために有益および有利であり得る。
本発明の他の例示的な方法としては、放射性金ナノ粒子の製造が挙げられる。また医療処置などのある用途でも、放射性金ナノ粒子が有用であることが判明し得る。放射性金含有物質は、上記のように放射性金ナノ粒子を製造するために本発明の方法で有用であり得る。たとえば金塩に、好ましい例はトリマーホスフィノアミノ酸TAAC(P(CH2NHCH(CH3)COOH)3)であるホスフィノアミノを反応させることは、ナノ微粒子金の形成を生じる。例が15〜20nmである明確な微粒子サイズが得られる。好ましい反応の一般反応スキームは:
本発明のさらなる例は、金ナノ粒子を貯蔵および/または安定化する方法に関する。TAACが好ましい例であるホスフィノアミノ酸の使用は、金ナノ粒子を貯蔵するために有益なレベルの安定性を与えることが見出されている。本発明の例示的な方法において、金ナノ粒子(たとえば本発明の方法以外の方法によって製造された)は、TAACなどのホスフィノアミノ酸に暴露されてその凝集を防止する。これらの例示的なステップが7日、14日、および30日もの期間にわたって凝集を実質的に防止するために有用であり得ることが見出されている。
本発明の方法はそれにより従来技術に勝る重要および貴重な利点を与えることが認識される。たとえば金ナノ粒子は室温、生理学的pH、高い変換率にて、非毒性および危険性である生物学的に穏和な反応体を用いて製造され得るので、本発明の方法は生体外または生体内での実施の両方に特に十分に適している。
Claims (22)
- 金ナノ粒子を製造する方法であって、
金含有物質を供給するステップと;
ホスフィノアミノ酸を供給するステップと;
金ナノ粒子を作製するために前記金含有物質に前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を反応させるステップと;
からなることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記ホスフィノアミノ酸がトリマーまたはダイマーの1つ以上である、請求項1に記載
の方法。 - 前記アミノ酸がトリマーアラニンおよび1つのホスフィン基を含有するトリマーアミノ酸である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ホスフィンアミノ酸が
R’=水素、アルキル(C1〜C6)、またはアミノ保護基
R”=ORA、NRARBまたはRC;RA=RB=水素、アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、またはカルボキシル保護基;あるいはRA=RB=ピロリジノ、ピペリジノ、またはチオモルホリノ環;RC=アルキル、フェニル、またはベンジル;そして
Y=アミノ酸の残基
である、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 金ナノ粒子を作製するために前記金含有物質に前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を反応させるステップが、30℃未満の温度で実施され、1分未満の期間中に前記金含有物質中の金の少なくとも70%を金ナノ粒子に変換する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金含有物質に前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を反応させるステップが、その少なくとも80%が10〜22nmのサイズを有する金ナノ粒子を生じる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金含有物質が金塩であり、前記金含有物質と前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を反応させるステップが生理学的pHで行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金ナノ粒子をアラビアゴムに暴露することによって、少なくとも5個の金ナノ粒子の結合された配列である金ナノ鎖を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法がさらに金ナノ粒子の、少なくとも5個の金ナノ粒子の結合された配列であるナノ鎖を作製するためであり、前記金ナノ粒子が相互に近接して保持されている空隙スペースを有するナノ鎖形成剤に前記金ナノ粒子を暴露させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ鎖形成剤がアガロースであり、前記ナノ鎖が、ナノ鎖のサブセットであるナノアレイを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- ナノチャネルを有する鎖形成剤を供給するステップをさらに含み、金塩を供給するステップが前記金塩を前記ナノチャネル中に導入することを含み、前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を供給するステップが前記ナノチャネル内に前記金塩が存在した状態で前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を前記ナノチャネル内に導入することを含み、前記ナノチャネルを溶媒で洗浄するス
テップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記金ナノ粒子を、デンプン、アガロースおよびグルコースの安定剤の群より選択される1つ以上の安定剤に暴露するステップと;
前記金ナノ粒子の凝集を伴わずに、前記金ナノ粒子を少なくとも2週間の期間貯蔵するステップと;
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記方法が哺乳類(ヒトを除く)内で実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金含有物質にホスフィノアミノ酸を反応させるステップが、前記金含有物質および前記ホスフィノアミノ酸を前記哺乳類(ヒトを除く)の選択した範囲に導入して、前記金ナノ粒子を前記選択した範囲にて製造することをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記金ナノ粒子を生体分子によって官能化するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金ナノ粒子を生体分子によって官能化するステップが、前記金ナノ粒子に25℃および生理学的pHにおいて前記生体分子を結合することを含み、前記生体分子がペプチド、タンパク質および水硫基を有する生体分子の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記金含有物質が放射性金同位体を含み、前記金ナノ粒子が放射性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも5個のナノ粒子の結合された配列である金ナノ鎖を製造する方法であって、
金ナノ粒子を形成するために金塩にホスフィノアミノ酸を反応させるステップと;
相互に近接しており、金ナノ粒子を相互に近接して保持するように操作可能である複数の空洞であって、そこで金のナノ鎖が形成される空洞を有する鎖形成剤に前記金ナノ粒子を暴露するステップと;
からなることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記ナノ鎖が、ナノ鎖のサブセットであるナノアレイを含み、前記鎖形成剤がアガロースを含む、請求項18に記載の金ナノ鎖を形成する方法。
- 金ナノ粒子を形成するための物品であって、
金塩を含有する第1密封コンパートメントと;
前記第1コンパートメントから隔離され、ホスフィノアミノ酸を含有する第2密封コンパートメントと;
を備え;
前記第1コンパートメントおよび第2コンパートメントが開かれるように構成され、そこで前記金塩および前記ホスフィノアミノ酸が化合して金ナノ粒子を形成することを特徴とする物品。 - 前記物品が相互に密封された2個の実質的に平坦なシートを含み、前記第1コンパートメントおよび第2コンパートメントをその間に画成する、請求項20に記載の金ナノ粒子を形成するための物品。
- 請求項1−19のいずれかの方法により製造された、癌の治療のための、金ナノ粒子、金ナノ鎖および/または金ナノアレイ。
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