JP5248729B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、燃料電池に関し、さらに詳しくは、燃料電池発電システムへの燃料供給に関する。
燃料電池は、気体燃料(水素、天然ガス、およびガス化石炭など)を、電気化学プロセスを経て直接電気に変換する。燃料電池は、燃料と、酸化剤(oxidant)、通常は空気と、が供給されている間は連続的に電力を発生する。典型的な燃料電池は、2つの電極(主として電導体)と接触している電解質(イオン伝導性物質、H+、O2-、CO3 2-など)とから成る。外部負荷を介して電池が導通すると、燃料はアノードで酸化されて電子を放出し、その電子は外部負荷を通って流れ、カソードで酸素を還元する。外部回路での電荷の流れは、電解質中のイオン電流と釣り合っている。空気や他の酸化剤から得られるカソードの酸素は、解離し酸素イオンに転化される。その酸素イオンは、電解質膜を通して移動し、アノード/電解質の界面において燃料と反応する。負荷状態での単電池の電圧は、直流で約0.6〜1.0Vで100〜1000mAcm-2の範囲の電流密度が得られる。
本発明によれば、燃料電池内において発電方法を提供するものであり、その方法は、水蒸気予備改質器内において、予備改質器内温度500℃以下で高炭素(C2+)炭化水素燃料を水蒸気と反応させて、水素および湿量基準での測定で容積で約20%以上のメタンを含む燃料流を生成すること、及び高温燃料電池内へ燃料流と酸化剤とを供給することを含み、燃料電池内でメタンが改質されて、燃料電池のアノードでの燃料流反応とカソードでの酸化物反応とによって発電するものである。
図1を参照して、水蒸気予備改質器10は、入口端12で予備改質器内の最大作動温度500℃となるように断熱的作動することができれば、通常のどのような形態もとることができる。
実施例1
メタンを高レベルで生成するために水蒸気予備改質器過程を用い、プロパンが、市販の触媒を用い、2つの最大温度378℃と328℃で、種々のS/C比で水蒸気改質された。触媒は、United Catalysis社のニッケル系の予備改質用触媒C11−PRであった。表3に与えた転化測定結果は、前出の熱力学計算で算出された結果と近いことを明らかにしている。水蒸気改質は、気体組成のオンライン分析をしながら、微小反応器システム内で断熱的に行われた。実験のセットアップが理想的ではないことに注目すべきであり、これは未完了転化の説明となると考えられる。全ての転化は、触媒表面上への適切な存在時間があれば、少なくとも97.5%で完全であると通常は期待される。全てのパーセンテージはvol%であり、これらは乾量基準で与えられている。
次の実施では、オーストラリアのビクトリアで入手できるLPG(ビクトリアLPG)から、原型の水蒸気予備改質器で、SOFCアノード上での内部改質によるメタンリッチ燃料の生成が行われた。ビクトリアLPGの組成は、100%プロパンからプロパン、ブタン、および/又はエタンの混合物まで多様である。この実験の間に用いられたLPGの組成は、93%プロパン、7%エタンであった。
温度:353〜380℃、水蒸気/炭素=1.5
CH4:48.3
H2:30.6
CO2:21.1
CO:0.0
C3H8:0.0
C2H6:0.0
温度:361〜393℃、水蒸気/炭素=1.0
CH4:54.9
H2:25.0
CO2:20.1
CO:0.0
C3H8:0.0
C2H6:0.0
温度:367〜402℃、水蒸気/炭素=0.75
CH4:57.9
H2:22.5
CO2:19.5
CO:0.0
C3H8:0.0
C2H6:0.0
本実施例では、約28vol%のCH4、約22vol%のH2、約12vol%のCO2、約1vol%のCO、及び約37vol%のH2Oを含むガスを、内部改質および発電用の燃料電池に供給した。
Claims (19)
- 少なくとも700℃の温度で作動し、メタンの内部水蒸気改質を燃料電池のアノード上で行って水素と炭素酸化物とを生成するのに適した固体酸化物燃料電池における発電方法であって、
水蒸気予備改質器内で500℃以下の予備改質器内の温度で高炭素(C2+)炭化水素燃料を水蒸気と反応させて、水素と、湿量基準の容積で約20%以上のメタンとを含む燃料流を発生し、
前記燃料電池に燃料流と酸化剤とを供給し、前記燃料電池のアノード上でメタンの改質を行い、燃料電池のアノードにおける燃料流の反応と燃料電池のカソードにおける酸化剤の反応とによって発電する発電方法。
- 燃料流が、湿量基準の容積で約25%以上のメタンを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 燃料流が、湿量基準の容積で約40%以上のメタンを含む請求項2に記載の方法。
- 燃料流が、湿量基準の容積で約50%以上のメタンを含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- 燃料流が、湿量基準の容積で約60%以上のメタンを含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 予備改質器内の温度が、約450℃以下である請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 予備改質器内の温度が、約250℃から450℃の範囲である請求項6に記載の方法。
- 予備改質器内の温度が、約300℃から400℃の範囲である請求項7に記載の方法。
- 水蒸気予備改質器内の水蒸気と燃料との反応が断熱的になされる請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水蒸気予備改質器内での炭素に対する水蒸気の比率が1.5以下である請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水蒸気予備改質器内での炭素に対する水蒸気の比率が1.25以下である請求項10に記載の方法。
- 水蒸気予備改質器内での炭素に対する水蒸気の比率が1.0以下である請求項11に記載の方法。
- 追加の水蒸気が、水蒸気予備改質器の燃料流の下流側に導入される請求項10に記載の方法。
- 追加の水蒸気が、アノードの排気流から再利用されている請求項13に記載の方法。
- 燃料が、C3+炭化水素燃料である請求項1ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 燃料が、LPG、ガソリン(ペトロール)およびディーゼル油からなる群より選択された請求項15に記載の方法。
- 燃料が、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、LPG、ガソリン(ペトロール)、ディーゼル油、灯油、燃料油、ジェットオイル、ナフサ及びそれらの2種以上の混合物からなる群より選択された請求項1ないし16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 燃料電池からの排熱が、水蒸気予備改質器へ再利用される請求項1ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水蒸気予備改質器内での反応が、高炭素(C2+)炭化水素燃料の少なくとも97.5%の転換を生じる請求項1ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2234 | 1999-08-16 | ||
AUPQ2234A AUPQ223499A0 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 1999-08-16 | Fuel cell system |
AUPQ2234 | 1999-08-16 | ||
PCT/AU2000/000974 WO2001013452A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Fuel cell system |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2003507860A JP2003507860A (ja) | 2003-02-25 |
JP2003507860A5 JP2003507860A5 (ja) | 2007-10-11 |
JP5248729B2 true JP5248729B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
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JP2001517450A Expired - Fee Related JP5248729B2 (ja) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | 燃料電池システム |
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US (1) | US6841279B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1228547B9 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5248729B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1185742C (ja) |
AU (1) | AUPQ223499A0 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2393871C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001013452A1 (ja) |
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AUPR324201A0 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2001-03-15 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Fuel cell system |
US6653009B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-11-25 | Sarnoff Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cells and interconnectors |
AUPS014702A0 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2002-02-14 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Desulfurisation of fuel |
AUPS024302A0 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2002-02-21 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Thermal management of fuel cells |
AUPS087502A0 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2002-03-28 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Solid oxide fuel cell |
JP2004071450A (ja) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-04 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 燃料電池発電システム |
JP3994825B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-28 | 2007-10-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 燃料電池発電システム |
US6977067B2 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2005-12-20 | Engelhard Corporation | Selective removal of olefins from hydrocarbon feed streams |
CN100539279C (zh) * | 2003-02-24 | 2009-09-09 | 精工电子有限公司 | 燃料电池系统 |
US7217303B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-05-15 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Pressure swing reforming for fuel cell systems |
US7503948B2 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2009-03-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Solid oxide fuel cell systems having temperature swing reforming |
AU2005253203B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2009-05-28 | Technical University Of Denmark | Solid oxide fuel cell |
CA2574388C (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2013-06-25 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Fuel cell with jet pump assembly |
JP4726200B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-23 | 2011-07-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 |
JP2006331678A (ja) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-12-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2010503157A (ja) * | 2006-09-06 | 2010-01-28 | セラミック・フューエル・セルズ・リミテッド | 複数の固体酸化物燃料電池の間に用いる燃料電池用ガスセパレータ |
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- 2000-08-16 US US10/049,705 patent/US6841279B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO2001013452A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
CA2393871A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
EP1228547B9 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
JP2003507860A (ja) | 2003-02-25 |
CA2393871C (en) | 2009-12-15 |
CN1370333A (zh) | 2002-09-18 |
EP1228547B1 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
CN1185742C (zh) | 2005-01-19 |
EP1228547A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
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