JP5239371B2 - パターン形成方法 - Google Patents
パターン形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5239371B2 JP5239371B2 JP2008028876A JP2008028876A JP5239371B2 JP 5239371 B2 JP5239371 B2 JP 5239371B2 JP 2008028876 A JP2008028876 A JP 2008028876A JP 2008028876 A JP2008028876 A JP 2008028876A JP 5239371 B2 JP5239371 B2 JP 5239371B2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 17
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Description
本発明のパターン形成方法で用いる感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下、単に「レジスト剤」ともいう)は、露光量Aでアルカリ可溶性となり、露光量Bでアルカリ不溶性又は難溶性となる(但し、露光量A<露光量Bである)特性を有するものである。換言すると、本発明のパターン形成方法で用いるレジスト剤は、所定の露光量域を境にして、より低露光量でアルカリ可溶性となり、より高露光量でアルカリ不溶性又は難溶性となる特性を有するものである。
架橋剤(A)は、少なくとも樹脂(B)を酸の作用により反応させて架橋させる(硬化させる)架橋成分(硬化成分)として作用するものである。架橋剤(A)の具体例としては、下記一般式(1)で表される基を含む化合物(以下、「架橋剤I」ともいう)、反応性基として2つ以上の環状エーテルを含む化合物(以下、「架橋剤II」ともいう)、若しくは反応性基として2つ以上のビニル基を含む化合物(以下、「架橋剤III」ともいう)、又は「架橋剤I」、「架橋剤II」、及び「架橋剤III」のうちの二種以上の混合物等を挙げることができる。
樹脂(B)(以下、「レジスト剤用樹脂」ともいう)は、露光によって酸発生剤から発生した酸の作用により酸解離性基が解離し、アルカリ現像液に対する溶解性が高くなる成分である。樹脂(B)は、前記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するものである。
レジスト剤用樹脂は、所望とする繰り返し単位に対応する重合性不飽和単量体を含む単量体成分を、ヒドロパーオキシド類、ジアルキルパーオキシド類、ジアシルパーオキシド類、アゾ化合物等のラジカル重合開始剤を使用し、必要に応じて連鎖移動剤の存在下、適当な溶媒中で重合することにより製造することができる。
酸発生剤(C)は、露光により分解される性質を有するものである。この酸発生剤(C)は、下記一般式(8)で表される構造を有するものであることが好ましい。
レジスト剤には、酸拡散制御剤(D)が含有されていることが好ましい。酸拡散制御剤(D)は、露光により酸発生剤から生じる酸のレジスト層中における拡散現象を制御し、非露光領域における好ましくない化学反応を抑制する作用を有する成分である。このような酸拡散制御剤(D)を配合することにより、レジスト剤の貯蔵安定性が向上し、レジストの解像度が更に向上するとともに、露光から露光後の加熱処理までの引き置き時間(PED)の変動によるレジストパターンの線幅変化を抑えることができ、プロセス安定性に極めて優れた組成物とすることができる。酸拡散制御剤(D)としては、含窒素有機化合物や光崩壊性塩基を用いることが好ましい。この光崩壊性塩基は、露光により分解して酸拡散制御性を発現するオニウム塩化合物である。
含窒素有機化合物としては、例えば、下記一般式(9)で表される化合物(以下、「含窒素化合物(I)」ともいう)、同一分子内に二つの窒素原子を有する化合物(以下、「含窒素化合物(II)」ともいう)、同一分子内に三つ以上の窒素原子を有するポリアミノ化合物及びその重合体(以下、まとめて「含窒素化合物(III)」ともいう)、アミド基含有化合物、ウレア化合物、含窒素複素環化合物等を挙げることができる。
光崩壊性塩基は、露光により分解して酸拡散制御性を発現する塩基を発生するオニウム塩化合物である。このようなオニウム塩化合物の具体例としては、下記一般式(10)で表されるスルホニウム塩化合物、及び下記一般式(11)で表されるヨードニウム塩化合物を挙げることができる。
レジスト剤は、レジスト剤用樹脂、酸発生剤(C)、酸拡散制御剤(D)等を溶剤(E)に溶解させたものであることが好ましい。溶剤(E)としては、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、2−ヘプタノン、及びシクロヘキサノンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種(以下、「溶剤(1)」ともいう)が好ましい。また、溶剤(1)以外の溶剤(以下、「その他の溶剤」ともいう)を使用することもできる。更には、溶剤(1)とその他の溶剤を併用することもできる。
(レジスト層の形成)
図1に示すように、シリコンウェハや、SiN又は有機反射防止膜等で被覆されたウェハ等の基板1上に、回転塗布、流延塗布、ロール塗布等の適宜の塗布手段によって上述のレジスト剤を塗布することで、レジスト層2を形成することができる。なお、レジスト剤を塗布した後、必要に応じてプレベーク(PB)することによって塗膜中の溶剤を揮発させてもよい。このプレベークの加熱条件は、レジスト剤の配合組成によって適宜選択されるが、通常、30〜200℃、好ましくは50〜150℃である。
図2は、露光量Bで露光する状態の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図2に示すように、ネガ型潜像パターン形成工程(以下、単に「(1)工程」ともいう)では、所定の開口パターン(第一の開口パターン)を有する第一のマスク11を介して、レジスト層2に放射線を照射して露光する。このとき照射する放射線の照射量(露光量)を、レジスト剤の特性が変化する所定の露光量域よりも高露光量(露光量B)となるようにする。このように露光することにより、図3に示すような、レジスト層2の露光部が潜像ライン部(露光によりアルカリ不溶性又は難溶性となった部分)3aとなり、レジスト層2の非露光部が潜像スペース部3b(アルカリ可溶性の部分(レジスト層2))となる。このため、潜像ライン部3aと潜像スペース部3bからなるネガ型の潜像パターン3が形成される。
図4は、露光量Aで露光する状態の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図4に示すように、ポジ型潜像パターン形成工程(以下、単に「(2)工程」ともいう)では、所定の開口パターン(第二の開口パターン)を有する第二のマスク12を介して、少なくともレジスト層2に放射線を照射して露光する。このとき照射する放射線の照射量(露光量)を、レジスト剤の特性が変化する所定の露光量域よりも低露光量(露光量A)となるようにする。このように露光することにより、図5に示すような、レジスト層2の露光部が潜像ライン部(露光によりアルカリ不溶性又は難溶性となった部分)4aとなり、レジスト層2の非露光部が潜像スペース部4b(アルカリ可溶な部分(レジスト層2))となる。このため、潜像ライン部4aと潜像スペース部4bからなるポジ型の潜像パターン4が形成される。
現像工程(以下、単に「(3)工程」ともいう)では、アルカリ条件で現像を行う。この現像は、通常、現像液を用いて行う。現像に使用可能な現像液としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、けい酸ナトリウム、メタけい酸ナトリウム、アンモニア水、エチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジ−n−プロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、メチルジエチルアミン、エチルジメチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ピロール、ピペリジン、コリン、1,8−ジアザビシクロ−[5.4.0]−7−ウンデセン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ−[4.3.0]−5−ノネン等のアルカリ性化合物の少なくとも一種を溶解したアルカリ性水溶液が好ましい。アルカリ性水溶液の濃度は、通常、10質量%以下である。アルカリ性水溶液の濃度が10質量%超であると、非露光部が現像液に溶解し易くなる傾向にある。なお、アルカリ性水溶液を用いて現像した後は、一般に、水で洗浄して乾燥する。
図7は、露光量Aで露光する状態の他の例を模式的に示す断面図である。図7に示すように、第二の実施態様の(2)工程においては、所定の開口パターン(第二の開口パターン)を有する第二のマスク22を介して、レジスト層2に放射線を照射して露光する。このとき照射する放射線の照射量(露光量)を、レジスト剤の特性が変化する所定の露光量域よりも低露光量(露光量A)となるようにする。このように露光することにより、図8に示すような、レジスト層2の露光部が潜像ライン部(露光によりアルカリ不溶性又は難溶性となった部分)14aとなり、レジスト層2の非露光部が潜像スペース部14b(アルカリ可溶な部分(レジスト層2))となる。このため、潜像ライン部14aと潜像スペース部41bからなるポジ型の潜像パターン14が形成される。なお、露光後に加熱処理(PEB)を行うことが好ましい。PEBの加熱条件は、レジスト剤の配合組成によって適宜選択されるが、通常、30〜200℃、好ましくは50〜170℃である。
○:2回の露光により、ネガ型とポジ型の両方のパターンが形成された。
×:ネガ型とポジ型のうち一方のパターンしか形成されなかった、又はいずれのパターンも形成されなかった。
下記式(B−1)で表される樹脂(B−1)100部、架橋剤(A−1)7.5部、酸発生剤(C−1)3.0部、酸拡散制御剤(D)0.27部、溶剤(E−1)960部、及び溶剤(E−2)410部を混合しての溶液を得た。得られた溶液を、孔径200nmのメンブランフィルターでろ過し、塗工液(レジスト剤(1))を調製した。調製したレジスト剤(1)の総固形分濃度は約7.5%であった。なお、使用した樹脂(B−1)以外の各成分は、以下に示す通りである。
(A−1):1,3,5−トリアリル−1,3,5−トリアジン−2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)−トリオン
(C−1):トリフェニルスルホニウムノナフルオロ−n−ブタンスルホネート
(D−1):N−t−ブトキシカルボニルピロリジン
(E−1):シクロヘキサノン
(E−2):プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート
表1に示す配合処方としたこと以外は、前述の調製例1と同様にして、塗工液(レジスト剤(2)〜(5))を調製した。レジスト剤(2)、(3)及び(5)の総固形分濃度は、いずれも約7.0%であった。また、レジスト剤(4)の総固形分濃度は約7.5%であった。なお、使用した樹脂(B−2)、共重合体(F−1)、及び共重合体(F−2)の構造は、以下に示す通りである。
東京エレクトロン社製の商品名「CLEAN TRACK ACT8」を使用し、シリコン基板上にレジスト剤(1)スピンコートした後、100℃で60秒間PBを行って、膜厚150nmのレジスト膜を形成した。形成したレジスト膜に、ArFエキシマレーザー露光装置(商品名「NSR S306C」、Nikon社製、照明条件:NA0.75シグマ0.85)を使用し、マスクを介して第一の露光を行った。このときの露光量(照射量)は、30mJ/cm2であった。次いで、マスクを交換して第二の露光を行った。このときの露光量(照射量)は、200mJ/cm2であった。120℃で60秒間PEBを行なった後、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液を使用し、23℃で30秒間現像してパターニング基板を得た。得られたパターニング基板のパターン形状の評価結果は「○」であった。
表2に示す条件でPB及びPEBを行ったこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にしてパターニング基板を得た。得られたパターニング基板のパターン形状の評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (5)
- 露光量Aでアルカリ可溶性となり、露光量Bでアルカリ不溶性又は難溶性となる(但し、露光量A<露光量Bである)感放射線性樹脂組成物からなる、基板上に形成されたレジスト層に、
(1)第一の開口パターンを有する第一のマスクを介して、露光量Bで露光してネガ型の潜像パターンを形成するネガ型潜像パターン形成工程と、
(2)第一の開口パターンと異なる第二の開口パターンを有する第二のマスクを介して、露光量Aで露光してポジ型の潜像パターンを形成するポジ型潜像パターン形成工程と、
(3)アルカリ条件で現像して、前記ネガ型の潜像パターンに由来する第一のパターンと、前記ポジ型の潜像パターンに由来する第二のパターンと、を有する第三のパターンを形成する現像工程と、を備えるパターン形成方法であって、
前記感放射線性樹脂組成物が、架橋剤(A)、酸不安定基を含有する樹脂(B)、感放射線性酸発生剤(C)、酸拡散抑制剤(D)、及び溶剤(E)を含み、
前記酸不安定基を含有する樹脂(B)が、下記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するものであるパターン形成方法。
- 前記ネガ型潜像パターン形成工程に次いで、前記ポジ型潜像パターン形成工程を行う請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層の、前記ネガ型潜像パターン形成工程において露光されなかった部分を、前記ポジ型潜像パターン形成工程で露光する請求項2に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記ポジ型潜像パターン形成工程に次いで、前記ネガ型潜像パターン形成工程を行う請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層の、前記ポジ型潜像パターン形成工程において露光された部分を、前記ネガ型潜像パターン形成工程で更に露光する請求項4に記載のパターン形成方法。
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