JP5223090B2 - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Tunnel construction method Download PDF

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JP5223090B2
JP5223090B2 JP2008026998A JP2008026998A JP5223090B2 JP 5223090 B2 JP5223090 B2 JP 5223090B2 JP 2008026998 A JP2008026998 A JP 2008026998A JP 2008026998 A JP2008026998 A JP 2008026998A JP 5223090 B2 JP5223090 B2 JP 5223090B2
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tunnel
girders
track
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construction method
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JP2009185527A (en
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研一 金子
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Institute of National Colleges of Technologies Japan
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Description

本発明は、鉄道や道路等の軌道下にこれと交差するトンネルを構築する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for constructing a tunnel that intersects with a railway or road under a track.

従来、道路における交通渋滞の原因として、平面交差する道路の交差点や鉄道と交差する道路を遮断する踏切の存在がある。そこで、交差する道路や鉄道を立体化することが行われているが、地上における立体化は景観を損なったり、騒音を増大させることで環境の悪化を招く恐れがあるため、交差する道路等を地下化すること、すなわち地下トンネルを構築することも行われている。しかし、地下トンネル化は、地上に構築するよりも多くの費用がかかることに加えて、既存の道路等の下にトンネルを構築するため、工事中は既存の道路等の交通を止めることになり、また、地表面の沈下防止等のため、より安全性を確保することが求められている。   Conventionally, as a cause of traffic congestion on a road, there is a crossing of a road that intersects a plane or a crossing that blocks a road that intersects a railway. Therefore, although crossing roads and railroads are three-dimensionalized, three-dimensionalization on the ground may damage the landscape or increase the noise, leading to environmental deterioration, so crossing roads etc. It is also becoming underground, that is, building an underground tunnel. However, underground tunneling costs more than building on the ground, and in addition to constructing tunnels under existing roads, traffic on existing roads will be stopped during construction. In addition, it is required to ensure safety in order to prevent the settlement of the ground surface.

従来、道路を地下トンネル化する工法としては、開削工法と非開削工法とがある。開削工法とは、地上から山留壁を設置して内部を掘削する方法であり、大規模な工事となるので、コストが大きく、工期も長く、工事による交通渋滞も発生しやすい。   Conventionally, there are an open-cut method and a non-open-cut method as methods for converting a road into an underground tunnel. The open-cut method is a method of excavating the interior by installing a mountain retaining wall from the ground. Since it is a large-scale construction, the cost is long, the construction period is long, and traffic congestion due to construction tends to occur.

これに対し、非開削工法によれば、工事による交通渋滞を少なくできる。かかる非開削工法の一つに、下記の特許文献1に開示されたトンネルの構築方法がある。この方法は、トンネル構築地盤より上方においてトンネル掘削方向に管材を推進して上部防護パイプルーフによる屋根を構築し、この屋根の両端に位置する管材の下方に別の管材を推進して側壁防護パイプルーフを構築し、トンネル構築地盤の下部においてトンネル掘削方向にガイド導坑を掘削し、トンネル構築地盤の発進側の外部において、トンネルの外周部となる外周構造物の後端に上方に突出する枠材を取り付けた後、上部防護パイプルーフ及びガイド導坑に挿入した緊張材で前記枠材と到達側の固定点とを連結し、該緊張材の端部に取り付けたジャッキを稼動させることによって前記外周構造物をトンネル構築地盤に牽引するという方法である。
特開2002−242582号公報
On the other hand, according to the non-cutting method, traffic congestion due to construction can be reduced. One such non-cutting method is a tunnel construction method disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. In this method, the pipe material is propelled in the tunnel excavation direction above the tunnel construction ground to construct the roof by the upper protection pipe roof, and another pipe material is promoted below the pipe material located at both ends of the roof to protect the side wall protection pipe. A frame that projects the guide shaft in the tunnel excavation direction at the bottom of the tunnel construction ground, constructs a roof, and projects upward at the rear end of the outer peripheral structure that forms the outer periphery of the tunnel outside the start side of the tunnel construction ground After attaching the material, by connecting the frame material and the fixed point on the reaching side with the tension material inserted in the upper protective pipe roof and the guide guide shaft, and operating the jack attached to the end of the tension material This is a method of pulling the outer peripheral structure to the tunnel construction ground.
JP 2002-242582 A

しかしながら、上記非開削のトンネル構築方法では、屋根を形成するパイプルーフ間の剛性が弱く、屋根が撓みやすい。また、パイプルーフから地上面までの距離が短いことから、地盤沈下を引き起こす恐れがある。これらを解消するために、パイプルーフを桁材で支持したり枠材を緊張材で緊結する作業などの工程が多く、工事期間が長くなるという問題点がある。   However, in the non-open-cutting tunnel construction method, the rigidity between the pipe roofs forming the roof is weak, and the roof is easily bent. Moreover, since the distance from the pipe roof to the ground surface is short, there is a risk of causing ground subsidence. In order to solve these problems, there are many processes such as supporting the pipe roof with a girder material and binding the frame material with a tension material, and there is a problem that the construction period becomes long.

本発明は、以上の状況に鑑み、簡単かつ短い工期で実施できる経済的なトンネルの構築方法を提供することを目的とする。特に、水平ボーリングを行わなくとも実施可能なトンネルの構築方法を提供する。   In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide an economical tunnel construction method that can be implemented in a simple and short construction period. In particular, a tunnel construction method that can be implemented without horizontal boring is provided.

また、地中に埋設物などの障害物が存在する場合でも実施可能なトンネルの構築方法を提供することを目的とする。   It is another object of the present invention to provide a tunnel construction method that can be performed even when there are obstacles such as buried objects in the ground.

さらに、トンネル躯体の構造的な弱点を最小限に抑えることができるトンネルの構築方法を提供することを目的とする。   Furthermore, it aims at providing the construction method of the tunnel which can suppress the structural weak point of a tunnel housing to the minimum.

本発明のトンネルの構築方法は、既存の道路等の軌道の下に該軌道と交差するトンネルを構築する方法であって、
前記軌道の幅の一部に該軌道の方向に向けて細長い作業帯を設け、該作業帯内で前記軌道の表面から溝を掘削して該溝内に前記桁材を敷設した後、該溝を埋め戻すことで前記桁材を埋設することを繰り返して、複数本の桁材を前記軌道の方向に向けてトンネルの方向に並列に埋設し、
該複数の桁材を接合することにより床版を形成し、
該床版の下方の両側に断面矩形の小トンネルを繰り返し掘進することで壁を形成し、
前記床版と壁とで囲まれた内部を掘削してトンネルを構築することを特徴とする。
The tunnel construction method of the present invention is a method of constructing a tunnel that intersects the track under a track such as an existing road,
An elongated working band is provided in a part of the width of the track in the direction of the track, a groove is excavated from the surface of the track in the working band, and the girder is laid in the groove. Repeatedly burying the girders by backfilling, burying a plurality of girders parallel to the direction of the tunnel toward the direction of the track,
A floor slab is formed by joining the plurality of girders,
A wall is formed by repeatedly digging a small tunnel having a rectangular cross section on both sides of the floor slab,
A tunnel is constructed by excavating the interior surrounded by the floor slab and the wall.

本発明のトンネル構築方法によれば、次のような効果が得られる。
全ての桁材を両側の壁で支持しているので、撓みが少ない。このため、地表面の沈下も起こりにくい。また、地表部には細長い作業帯を設けるだけなので、地上の既存の道路等の通行を停止しなくて済み、殆ど交通渋滞の原因とならない。
According to the tunnel construction method of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
Since all the girders are supported by the walls on both sides, there is little bending. For this reason, the ground surface is less likely to sink. Moreover, since only a long and narrow work zone is provided on the surface, it is not necessary to stop the traffic on the existing roads on the ground, which causes little traffic congestion.

個々の桁材を緊結板で確実に連結することができるので、屋根部の剛性が上がり、従来のように下部の掘削施工のために桁や柱で補助する必要が無い。このため、工事期間の短縮とコスト低減を実現できる。   Since individual girders can be securely connected with a binding plate, the rigidity of the roof portion is increased, and there is no need to assist with girders or pillars for excavation work in the lower part as in the prior art. For this reason, the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.

従来の工法では地表沈下の恐れから地表を常時計測する手間や沈下した場合の補修等の付加的な作業があったが、本発明では地上部を掘削して埋め戻すので、地表沈下の恐れがなく、付加的な作業を要しない。   In the conventional construction method, there was a trouble of constantly measuring the ground surface due to the fear of land subsidence, and additional work such as repairs when subsidized. And no additional work is required.

以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
図1は、本発明のトンネル構築方法によって既存の道路下にこれと交差するトンネルを構築する箇所である交差点部分を示す。ここでは、図の上下方向に既存の主要道路1が設けられており、これと交差する方向に地下トンネルによる道路2が建設されるものとする。主要道路1は4車線の幅を有し、本発明の方法では、工事中1車線のみ通行停止となるだけで、3車線は通行可能である。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows an intersection portion which is a location where a tunnel intersecting with an existing road is constructed by the tunnel construction method of the present invention. Here, it is assumed that an existing main road 1 is provided in the vertical direction of the figure, and a road 2 by an underground tunnel is constructed in a direction intersecting with this. The main road 1 has a width of 4 lanes, and in the method of the present invention, only 1 lane is stopped during the construction, and 3 lanes can pass.

本発明の好適実施形態によれば、初めに、交差点となるトンネル設置箇所の両側に立坑3a,3bが設けられる。立坑は、鋼矢板や柱列壁で形成される。
次に図2に示すように、地上の道路1の交差点においてトンネルと直交する方向に、所定長の桁材4aを設置するための作業帯5aを設ける。この作業帯5aは、バリケード等の仕切り部材により、道路1の1車線のみ停止する程度の最大幅を有する細長い切欠き状の空間として設定される。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, first, the shafts 3a and 3b are provided on both sides of the tunnel installation location serving as an intersection. The vertical shaft is formed of steel sheet piles and columnar walls.
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a work band 5 a for installing a predetermined length of the girders 4 a is provided in a direction orthogonal to the tunnel at the intersection of the road 1 on the ground. The work band 5a is set as a long and narrow notch-like space having a maximum width enough to stop only one lane of the road 1 by a partition member such as a barricade.

この作業帯5aの内側に掘削機を配置して、桁材4を設置するための溝6を掘削する。この掘削後、溝6内に砂を敷いて均しておき、予め工場等で製作した桁材4aを、夜間にクレーンを使用して溝6内に設置する。   An excavator is arranged inside the work zone 5a to excavate the groove 6 for installing the beam member 4. After this excavation, sand is spread in the groove 6 and leveled, and the girders 4a manufactured in advance in a factory or the like are installed in the groove 6 at night using a crane.

次に図3に示すように、溝6の道路縁側に部分的に土を入れて埋めると共に作業帯5aを道路中央側にずらして、次の桁材4bを設置するための作業帯5bを形成し、この作業帯5bの内側に掘削機を配置して、桁材4bを設置するための溝6を掘削する。そして、上記と同様に砂を敷いて均し、次の桁材4bを作業帯5bの方向に設置する。その後、初めの桁材4a及び隣接する次の桁材4bを、各々上面において鋼製の緊結板7(図4)で結合する。   Next, as shown in FIG. 3, soil is partially filled in the road edge side of the groove 6 and the work band 5 a is shifted to the center side of the road to form a work band 5 b for installing the next girder 4 b. Then, an excavator is arranged inside the work zone 5b to excavate the groove 6 for installing the beam member 4b. Then, the sand is spread and leveled in the same manner as described above, and the next girder 4b is installed in the direction of the work band 5b. Thereafter, the first girder 4a and the next adjacent girder 4b are joined to each other by a steel fastening plate 7 (FIG. 4) on the upper surface.

以降同様の作業を繰り返すことで、複数の桁材4を並列に設置し、隣接する桁材同士を緊結板7で結合して床版を形成する。図4に、緊結板7で結合された多数の桁材4a,4b,・・・からなる床版で地下トンネルの屋根を形成した状況を示す。図4の拡大図に示すように、桁材4aと4bとは緊結板7及びボルトBによって締結されている。なお、この図では省略しているが、屋根上は土で覆われ、舗装が施される。また、桁材4a,4b,・・・の裏面も緊結板7により締結されている。   Thereafter, by repeating the same operation, a plurality of girders 4 are installed in parallel, and the adjacent girders are joined together by the fastening plate 7 to form a floor slab. FIG. 4 shows a situation in which a roof of an underground tunnel is formed with a floor slab composed of a large number of girders 4a, 4b,. As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 4, the girders 4 a and 4 b are fastened by a fastening plate 7 and a bolt B. Although not shown in this figure, the roof is covered with soil and paved. Further, the back surfaces of the girders 4a, 4b,...

ここで、図5に示すように、一方の立坑3a内から他方の立坑3b内に向けて、構築する地下トンネルの軸方向の片側に沿って、推進機を用いて角筒状の鋼製枠8aを軸方向に推進させて断面矩形の小トンネル9aを施工する。   Here, as shown in FIG. 5, along the one side in the axial direction of the underground tunnel to be constructed from one shaft 3a to the other shaft 3b, a rectangular steel frame is formed using a propulsion device. A small tunnel 9a having a rectangular cross section is constructed by propelling 8a in the axial direction.

引続き、推進機で小トンネル9aの下に鋼製枠8bを推進させて同様の小トンネル9bを施工し、図6に示すように、更にその下に同様の小トンネル9cを推進施工する。その後、反対側に同様にして上から3段の小トンネル9d〜9fを鋼製枠で施工する。   Subsequently, the steel frame 8b is propelled under the small tunnel 9a with a propulsion device to construct a similar small tunnel 9b, and the similar small tunnel 9c is further propelled under the same as shown in FIG. Then, the small tunnel 9d-9f of 3 steps | paragraphs from the top is similarly constructed with a steel frame on the opposite side.

なお、立坑3a,3b内では、推進機を設置するための構台及び推進反力を受けるための設備が鋼材で組み立てられている。
次に図7に示すように、壁になる側面部分の鋼製枠を切断し、鉄筋10を組み入れて型枠を組み立てる。
In addition, in the shafts 3a and 3b, the gantry for installing the propulsion device and the equipment for receiving the propulsion reaction force are assembled with steel materials.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the steel frame of the side part used as a wall is cut | disconnected, the rebar 10 is incorporated, and a formwork is assembled.

その後、図8に示すように、その中にコンクリート11を打設し、桁材4の下側を掘削する。   Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the concrete 11 is cast in it and the lower side of the girder 4 is excavated.

最後に、図9に示すように、小トンネル9a〜9fの鋼製枠を切断して除去した後、コンクリートを打設して底盤12を形成すると共に、化粧壁材13を取り付けて、地下トンネルが完成する。   Finally, as shown in FIG. 9, after cutting and removing the steel frames of the small tunnels 9a to 9f, the concrete is cast to form the bottom 12 and the decorative wall material 13 is attached to the underground tunnel. Is completed.

上記実施形態によれば、全ての桁材4を各桁材の両端側の壁で支持しているので、撓みが少ない。このため、地表面の沈下も起こりにくい。従来の非開削工法では1メートル程度必要であった土被りがなくても、安全に施工することができる。また、地表部には細長い作業帯5a・・・を設けるだけなので、地上の既存の道路1の通行を停止しなくて済み、殆ど交通渋滞の原因とならない。   According to the said embodiment, since all the girder materials 4 are supported by the wall of the both ends side of each girder material, there is little bending. For this reason, the ground surface is less likely to sink. Even if there is no earth covering, which is necessary for the conventional non-cutting method, about 1 meter, it can be safely constructed. Moreover, since only the elongate work zone 5a ... is provided in the ground surface part, it is not necessary to stop the traffic of the existing road 1 on the ground, and it hardly causes traffic congestion.

個々の桁材4a,4b,・・・を緊結板7で確実に連結することができるので、屋根部の剛性が上がり、従来のように下部の掘削施工のために桁や柱で補助する必要が無い。このため、工事期間の短縮とコスト低減を実現できる。   Since the individual girders 4a, 4b,... Can be securely connected by the fastening plate 7, the rigidity of the roof portion is increased, and it is necessary to assist with the girders and pillars for the lower excavation work as in the past. There is no. For this reason, the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.

個々の桁材4a,4b,・・・の連結作業を作業者が目視しながら行うことができるので、確実に施工できる。なお、桁材4a,4b,・・・の連結は、緊結板7を用いても良いが、桁材4a,4b,・・・内に作業員が入ることができる場合は、桁材4a,4b,・・・同士を直接ボルト、リベット又は溶接で連結しても良い。   Since the operator can perform the connecting operation of the individual girders 4a, 4b,. The connecting members 7a, 4b,... May be connected by the fastening plate 7. However, when an operator can enter the connecting members 4a, 4b,. 4b,... May be connected directly by bolts, rivets or welding.

床版を完成トンネルの構造物として利用できるので、トンネル構築コストを低減できる。   Since the floor slab can be used as the structure of the completed tunnel, the tunnel construction cost can be reduced.

本発明のトンネル構築方法を実施する道路交差点部分を示す図。The figure which shows the road intersection part which implements the tunnel construction method of this invention. 施工箇所の地表面に作業帯を設けた状態を示す平面図。The top view which shows the state which provided the work zone on the ground surface of the construction location. 次の作業帯を設けた状態を示す平面図。The top view which shows the state which provided the following work belt | band | zone. 多数の桁材を連設した状態を示す平面図。The top view which shows the state which arranged many girders continuously. 桁材を結合した緊結板の片側に小トンネルを施工した状態を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which constructed the small tunnel in the one side of the binding board which couple | bonded the girder material. 桁材を結合した緊結板の両側に小トンネルを施工した状態を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which constructed the small tunnel on both sides of the binding board which couple | bonded the girder material. トンネルの壁の型枠を構築した状態を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which constructed the formwork of the wall of a tunnel. トンネルの壁を構築し、桁下を掘削した状態を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which constructed | assembled the wall of the tunnel and excavated the girder. 底盤を打設し地下トンネルが完成した状態を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which laid the bottom board and the underground tunnel was completed.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1・・・主要道路、2・・・トンネル道路、3a,3b・・・立坑、4・・・桁材、5a,5b・・・作業帯、6・・・溝、7・・・緊結板、8a,8b・・・鋼製枠、9a〜9f・・・小トンネル、10・・・鉄筋、11・・・コンクリート、12・・・底盤、13・・・化粧壁材。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main road, 2 ... Tunnel road, 3a, 3b ... Vertical shaft, 4 ... Girder material, 5a, 5b ... Working zone, 6 ... Groove, 7 ... Tightening plate 8a, 8b ... steel frame, 9a-9f ... small tunnel, 10 ... rebar, 11 ... concrete, 12 ... bottom board, 13 ... decorative wall material.

Claims (1)

既存の道路等の軌道の下に該軌道と交差するトンネルを構築する方法であって、
前記軌道の幅の一部に該軌道の方向に向けて細長い作業帯を設け、該作業帯内で前記軌道の表面から溝を掘削して該溝内に前記桁材を敷設した後、該溝を埋め戻すことで前記桁材を埋設することを繰り返して、複数本の桁材を前記軌道の方向に向けて前記トンネルの方向に並列に埋設し、
該複数の桁材を接合することにより床版を形成し、
該床版の下方の両側に断面矩形の小トンネルを繰り返し掘進することで壁を形成し、
前記床版と前記壁とで囲まれた内部を掘削して前記トンネルを構築することを特徴とするトンネル構築方法。
A method for constructing a tunnel that intersects with an existing road or the like under a track,
An elongated working band is provided in a part of the width of the track in the direction of the track, a groove is excavated from the surface of the track in the working band, and the girder is laid in the groove. Repeatedly burying the girders by backfilling, burying a plurality of girders parallel to the direction of the tunnel toward the direction of the track,
A floor slab is formed by joining the plurality of girders,
A wall is formed by repeatedly digging a small tunnel having a rectangular cross section on both sides of the floor slab,
A tunnel construction method characterized in that the tunnel is constructed by excavating an interior surrounded by the floor slab and the wall.
JP2008026998A 2008-02-06 2008-02-06 Tunnel construction method Expired - Fee Related JP5223090B2 (en)

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