JP5193274B2 - 水素生成用炭素触媒及びその製造方法並びにこれを用いて水素を生成する方法 - Google Patents
水素生成用炭素触媒及びその製造方法並びにこれを用いて水素を生成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5193274B2 JP5193274B2 JP2010265334A JP2010265334A JP5193274B2 JP 5193274 B2 JP5193274 B2 JP 5193274B2 JP 2010265334 A JP2010265334 A JP 2010265334A JP 2010265334 A JP2010265334 A JP 2010265334A JP 5193274 B2 JP5193274 B2 JP 5193274B2
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- hydrogen
- carbon catalyst
- catalyst
- carbon
- gas
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 115
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 105
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 105
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
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- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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Description
0.4gのポリビニルピリジンと、0.45gの塩化鉄(III)六水和物と、0.5gのケッチェンブラック(ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)と、を乳鉢に入れ、均一に混合し、原料を調製した。得られた原料を横型イメージ炉に入れ、窒素ガス雰囲気下、50℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、炭素化温度900℃にて1時間保持し、炭素化した。そして、炭素化により生成された炭素化材料を炭素触媒CA(Fe)として得た。この炭素触媒CA(Fe)のBET比表面積は630m2/gであった。
炭素触媒CA(Fe)に、酸洗浄による金属除去処理を施した。すなわち、炭素触媒CA(Fe)1gに100mLの濃塩酸を加え、1時間攪拌した。炭素触媒を沈殿させ、溶液を除去した後、濃塩酸と蒸留水とを1:1(体積比)で混合した溶液を100mL加え、1時間攪拌した。炭素触媒を沈殿させ、溶液を除去した後、蒸留水を100mL加え、1時間攪拌した。この炭素触媒を含有する溶液を、ろ過膜(孔径1.0μm、Millipore製)を使用してろ過し、ろ液が中性になるまで蒸留水で洗浄した。回収された炭素触媒を60℃で12時間、真空乾燥させた。こうして、金属除去処理が施された炭素触媒CA(Fe)AWを得た。この炭素触媒CA(Fe)AWのBET比表面積は690m2/gであった。
塩化鉄(III)六水和物に代えて、塩化コバルト六水和物を使用したこと以外は、上述の炭素触媒CA(Fe)と同様にして、炭素触媒CA(Co)を得た。この炭素触媒CA(Co)のBET比表面積は670m2/gであった。
塩化鉄(III)六水和物に代えて、塩化ニッケル六水和物を使用したこと以外は、上述の炭素触媒CA(Fe)と同様にして、炭素触媒CA(Ni)を得た。この炭素触媒CA(Ni)のBET比表面積は650m2/gであった。
1.5gのポリアクリロニトリル−ポリメタクリル酸共重合体を30gのジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させた。その後、1.25gの塩化マンガン四水和物と1.5gの2−メチルイミダゾールとを加え、2時間攪拌して溶液を得た。得られた溶液に、ケッチェンブラック(EC600JD、ライオン株式会社製)を、後述の前駆体組成物における含有量が67重量%となるように加え、乳鉢を用いて混合した。さらに、この混合物を、60℃、6.4×10−2Paで12時間減圧乾燥し、ジメチルホルムアミドを除去した。こうして前駆体組成物を得た。
炭素触媒の原料にも使用した市販のケッチェンブラック(ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)を比較試料KBとして使用した。この比較試料KBのBET比表面積は1200m2/gであった。
市販のカーボンブラック(Black Pearls 2000、CABOT社製)を比較試料BPとして使用した。この比較試料BPのBET比表面積は1500m2/gであった。
比較試料BPに鉄を担持させることにより比較試料Fe/BPを調製した。すなわち、まず、約0.1gの硝酸鉄(III)九水和物をナスフラスコへ入れて100mLの蒸留水に溶解した。次いで、この硝酸鉄水溶液に比較試料BPを加えた。さらに、約5mLのメタノールを加え、超音波で10分間攪拌した。攪拌後、ナスフラスコをエバポレーターに設置して減圧下で20分間回転させ、次いで60℃の湯浴につけて減圧乾燥させた。
炭化水素化合物としてメタンを使用し、上述した炭素触媒及び比較試料のいずれかの存在下で、メタンの熱分解による水素の生成を実施した。すなわち、30mgの炭素触媒又は比較試料を内径1cmの石英製反応管に充填した。次いで、この反応管を縦型イメージ炉へ設置し、アルゴン雰囲気下で10℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、700℃で1時間保持する前処理を行った。なお、比較試料Fe/BPを使用した場合には、上述の前処理に代えて、水素雰囲気下で50℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、350℃で1時間保持する前処理(還元処理)を行った。
炭素触媒及び比較試料の特性の一つとして、水素分子を水素原子に解離させる触媒活性を、水素(H2)−重水素(D2)交換反応に基づき評価した。すなわち、水素ガス(H2)及び重水素ガス(D2)を含む混合ガスを炭素触媒又は比較試料と接触させた場合における解離した水素ガスの量を、TPR(Temperature Programmed Reaction)法にて評価した。
図1には、上述した炭素触媒及び比較試料のいずれかを使用したメタンの熱分解による水素生成において、水素生成速度を評価した結果を示す。図1において、横軸はメタンの熱分解を行った温度(℃)を示し、縦軸は各温度における炭素触媒又は比較試料の比表面積あたりの水素生成速度(μmol/(min・m2))を示す。
炭素触媒CA(Fe)と、水酸化マグネシウムと、をメノウ乳鉢へ入れて混合した。こうして、炭素触媒CA(Fe)に対して3重量%のマグネシウム(炭素触媒CA(Fe)100重量部に対して3重量部のマグネシウム)を担持した炭素触媒Mg/CA(Fe)を得た。
炭素触媒CA(Fe)に代えて、炭素触媒CA(Fe)AWを使用したこと以外は、上述の炭素触媒Mg/CA(Fe)と同様にして、炭素触媒CA(Fe)AWに対して3重量%のマグネシウムを担持した炭素触媒Mg/CA(Fe)AWを得た。
炭素触媒CA(Fe)に代えて、炭素触媒CA(Mn)を使用したこと以外は、上述の炭素触媒Mg/CA(Fe)と同様にして、炭素触媒CA(Mn)に対して3重量%のマグネシウムを担持した炭素触媒Mg/CA(Mn)を得た。
水酸化マグネシウムに代えて、水酸化カルシウムを使用したこと以外は、上述の炭素触媒Ca/CA(Mn)と同様にして、炭素触媒CA(Mn)に対して3重量%のカルシウムを担持した炭素触媒Ca/CA(Mn)を得た。
炭素触媒CA(Fe)に代えて、比較試料BPを使用したこと以外は、上述の炭素触媒Mg/CA(Fe)と同様にして、比較試料BPに対して3重量%のマグネシウムを担持した比較試料Mg/BPを得た。
比較試料BPに代えて、比較試料Fe/BPを使用したこと以外は、上述の比較試料Mg/BPと同様にして、比較試料Fe/BPに対して3重量%のマグネシウムを担持した比較試料Mg/Fe/BPを得た。
上述の実施例1と同様にして、アルカリ土類金属を担持した炭素触媒及び比較試料のいずれかの存在下で、メタンの熱分解による水素生成を実施した。なお、前処理としては、上述の実施例1における前処理に代えて、炭素触媒又は比較試料を水素雰囲気下で50℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、650℃で1時間保持する前処理(還元処理)を行った。
図4には、アルカリ土類金属を担持した炭素触媒及び比較試料のいずれかを使用したメタンの熱分解による水素生成において、水素生成速度を評価した結果を示す。図4において、横軸はメタンの熱分解を行った温度(℃)を示し、縦軸は各温度における炭素触媒又は比較試料の比表面積あたりの水素生成速度(μmol/(min・m2))を示す。
Claims (5)
- 含窒素有機物と、1〜20質量%の鉄、コバルト、ニッケル又はマンガンと、を含む原料の炭素化により得られる炭素触媒であって、
炭化水素化合物及び/又は含酸素有機化合物の熱分解による水素生成に使用される
ことを特徴とする水素生成用炭素触媒。 - 前記炭素化により生成された炭素化材料にアルカリ土類金属を担持して得られる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載された水素生成用炭素触媒。 - 所定重量の前記水素生成用炭素触媒を充填した反応管を用いた水素−重水素交換反応において、水素ガスと重水素ガスとアルゴンガスとの混合ガス(水素流量=10mL/分、重水素流量=10mL/分、アルゴン流量=30mL/分)下で前記反応管を10℃/分の昇温速度で40℃から600℃まで加熱した際の前記水素ガスの総減少量を前記所定重量で除して算出される水素解離活性が10mmol/g以上である
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載された水素生成用炭素触媒。 - 含窒素有機物と、1〜20質量%の鉄、コバルト、ニッケル又はマンガンと、を含む原料を炭素化し、
前記炭素化により生成された炭素化材料にアルカリ土類金属を担持する
ことを特徴とする水素生成用炭素触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載された水素生成用炭素触媒を使用して、炭化水素化合物及び/又は含酸素有機化合物を熱分解して水素を生成する
ことを特徴とする方法。
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