JP5174656B2 - 同系または非同系の細胞、組織または器官を含む、外因性免疫原および内因性免疫原に対する免疫応答を改変するための材料および方法 - Google Patents
同系または非同系の細胞、組織または器官を含む、外因性免疫原および内因性免疫原に対する免疫応答を改変するための材料および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、外因性または内因性免疫原(細胞、組織、または器官関連免疫原が含まれる)に対する免疫学的に有害な応答を調整するための材料および方法に関する。例えば、本発明は、外因性または内因性免疫原(非同系細胞または同系の細胞、組織または器官が含まれる)に対する負の免疫反応または炎症反応を調整し、自己免疫容態を改善することができる。
異種移植に関する研究は、ここ数年、器官の欠点の改善を強化している。しかし、宿主免疫応答は、種間の移植を妨げる手強い障壁である。天然の抗体がこのような不一致の移植物(transplant)の即時拒絶を生じるのに対して、内皮細胞(EC)損傷およびECを裏打ちする移植片脈管の活性化は、慢性移植片拒絶の開始において極めて重要な役割を果たす。完全な内皮層の崩壊は、多数の条件下(同系および非同系の組織移植物ならびに感染症、新生物疾患、炎症性疾患、および心血管疾患が含まれる)で重要であることは疑問の余地がない。
本発明は、生体適合性マトリックス、好ましくは、三次元立体配置を有する生体適合性マトリックスに結合および/または包埋している細胞が、任意の外因性または内因性の免疫原に対する免疫学的に負の応答または炎症反応を調整することができるという発見を活用する。免疫原には、任意の同系または非同系の免疫原(細胞、組織、または器官関連免疫原が含まれる)、損傷、疾患、および環境刺激が含まれる。
「包埋」または「マトリックス包埋」PAE、HAE、またはECをいう図は、マトリックス固定および/またはマトリックス包埋PAE、HAE、ECを意味する。
細胞供給源
本明細書中に記載のように、本発明の移植可能な材料は、同系、同種、異種、または自系であり得る細胞を含む。一定の実施形態では、生きている細胞の供給源は、適切なドナーに由来し得る。一定の他の実施形態では、細胞供給源は、死体または細胞バンクに由来し得る。
材料の調製および評価。本明細書中の他の場所により詳細に記載するように、ブタ大動脈内皮細胞およびヒト大動脈内皮細胞を、個別に単離し、培養した。次いで、培養細胞を、三次元生体適合性マトリックス(Gelfoamなど)に播種し、細胞がコンフルエンスに到達するまでインキュベートした。マトリックスに固定および/または包埋した内皮細胞の機能性を、前に記載のプロトコールにしたがって評価した。
三次元マトリックス中に包埋した内皮細胞は、三元パターンで成長する
生体適合性マトリックス内で成長した内皮細胞の成長パターンを評価するために、走査電子顕微鏡法を行った。Gelfoamマトリックスに固定および/または包埋した内皮細胞を含む移植可能な材料を、PBSでリンスし、0.5cmの標本lに分割し、3%グルタルアルデヒド(Sigma Chemicals;St.Louis,MO)で90分間固定し、蒸留水に移した。1%OsO4中でのインキュベーション後、標本を蒸留水でリンスし、エタノールの連続希釈物(30、50、75、80、85、90、95、および100%)中にて15分間隔で脱水し、ヘキサメテイルジシラザン(Sigma)(50%、100%)中にて30分間隔で脱水した。標本を、100%HMDS中で一晩蒸発させ、その後、プラズマコーター(Edwards Coating System,U.K.)を使用して金でコーティングした。5kV加速電圧で(Streoscan 240,Cambridge Instruments,U.K.)、走査電子顕微鏡写真を得た。
in vitroでの内皮細胞上での同時刺激分子および接着分子の発現レベルを、フローサイトメトリーによって定量した。FITCおよびPE標識抗体を使用し、これらには、マウス抗ブタP−セレクチン抗体、マウス抗ブタCD31(クローンLCI−4)、抗ヒトCD54(クローン15.2)、抗ヒトCD62E(クローン1.2B6)、抗ヒトCD58(クローン1C3)、抗ヒトCD80(クローンBB1)、抗ヒトCD86(クローン2331)、抗ヒト4−1BB−リガンド(PE標識クローンC65−485)、ラット抗マウスIgG1(クローンA85−1)、および抗マウスIgM(クローンR6−60.2)、ウサギ抗ラットIgG、ウサギ抗ヒトCD40、ヤギ抗ウサギIgG、マウス抗ヒトCD106(クローン1.G11B1)、マウス抗ヒトHLA−DP、DQ、DR(クローンCR3/43)、マウス抗クラスI MHC(IgG2a)、ラット抗マウスIgG2a、マウス抗意図ox40−リガンド、マウス抗ヒトプログラム死リガンド1(PD−L、クローンMIH1)、抗ヒトPD−L2(クローンMIH18)、および抗ヒト誘導性同時刺激因子リガンド(ICOS−リガンド、クローンMIH12)が含まれていた。
マトリックス包埋ブタ大動脈内皮細胞は、P−セレクチンおよびE−セレクチンが関与する白血球動員に置ける初期事象および免疫炎症部位でのT細胞動員に密接に関連するVCAM−1の刺激を低下させた。一般的および種特異的な同時刺激分子の全パネルは、マトリックス包埋によって下方制御された(内皮細胞発現および4−1BB−リガンドの抑制についての最初の報告が含まれる)。同時に、PD−L1およびPD−L2(相殺阻害分子として作用するB7ファミリーのメンバー)の発現および上方制御は、マトリックス包埋後にインタクトなままであった。これらのin vitro所見は、マトリックス包埋ブタ大動脈内皮細胞の移植後のラットにおいて免疫応答が有意に弱化したと解釈された。
ポリスチレンウェル上で成長したか、Gelfoam中に包埋されたブタ大動脈内皮細胞を、96ウェルプレート中に5×104細胞/ウェルで播種し、40ng/mlブタIFN−γで48時間刺激し、その後にマイトマイシンC(Sigma、50μg/mlで30分間)で処置して、バックグラウンド増殖を防止した。ヒトCD4+リンパ球を、製造者の説明書にしたがってCD4+T細胞単離キットII(Milenyi Biotec,Germany)を使用した負の選択によって精製し、2×105細胞/ウェルで添加した。いくつかの実験では、HLA−DP、DQ、DRに指向するマウス抗体は、MHCクラスII分子を介して活性化を遮断した。6日目に、16時間のパルス(1μCi/ml、Amersham)によって3[H]−チミジン組み込みを測定した。マイトマイシン処置ブタ大動脈内皮細胞、培地、またはT細胞のみのチミジン取り込みを、ネガティブコントロールとして使用した。
免疫スポットプレート(Millipore,Bedford,MA)を、5μg/mlの抗マウスインターフェロン(IFN−γ)、抗マウスインターロイキン(IL)−2、抗マウスIL−4、または抗マウスIL−10mAb(全てBD Pharmingen)を含む滅菌PBSで一晩コーティングした。次いで、プレートを、フェノールレッドを含まないが、10%加熱不活化ウシ血清を含む完全RPMI培地で2時間ブロッキングした。次いで、脾臓細胞(0.5×106個を含む100μl完全RPMI培地)および移植のために使用したブタ大動脈内皮細胞と同一の株(0.5×106個を含む100μl完全RPMI培地)を、各ウェルに入れ、5%CO2中にて37℃で48時間培養した。脱イオン水およびその後の0.05%Tweenを含むPBS(PBST)での洗浄後、2μg/mlのビオチン化抗マウスIFN−γ、抗マウスIL−2、抗マウスIL−4、または抗マウスIL−10mAb(全てBD Pharmingen)を、それぞれ一晩添加した。次いで、プレートを、PBSTで3回洗浄し、その後、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ抱合ストレプトアビジン(BD Pharmingen)と1時間インキュベートした。PBSTおよびその後にPBSで4回洗浄後、3−アミノ−9−エチル−カルバゾール(BD Pharmingen)を使用してプレートを発色させた。得られたスポットを、コンピュータ支援酵素結合免疫スポット画像分析器(Cellular Technology Ltd.,ORT)にて計数した。培地、脾臓細胞、またはブタ大動脈内皮細胞のみを含むウェル中のスポット数を、異種応答から引いて、データ分析におけるバックグラウンドを明らかにした。
レシピエントから回収した脾臓細胞を、FACS緩衝液で2×106/mlの濃度に再懸濁した。細胞を、抗CD4FITC(クローンL3T4)、抗CD8FITC(クローンLy−2)、抗CD44 R−PE(クローンLy−24)、抗CD62Lアロフィコシアニン(クローンLy−22)、およびアイソタイプコントロール(全てBD PharMingen)で染色した。前述のように、CD44highおよびCD62Llowを発現するCD4+およびCD8+エフェクター細胞を列挙した。
三次元生体適合性マトリックス中に包埋した内皮細胞は、非血管化異種組織の移植後に免疫学的記憶を生じた。Th1サイトカインは、Th2駆動体液性応答の下方制御による異種拒絶の防止において重要な役割を果たす。これに関して、データは、再攻撃誘発後に組織操作内皮細胞がブタ大動脈内皮細胞特異的IgG2a抗体の有意な増加および異種反応性Th1産生脾臓細胞の有意な増加を誘発することを証明する。
ケモカインおよび接着分子は、血管壁への循環免疫細胞の動員で重要である。フラクタルキンは、走化性および接着機能の両方を有し、アテローム性動脈硬化症、心臓同種移植片拒絶、糸球体腎炎、および関節リウマチの病理発生に関与する。本発明者らは、RT−PCR、ウェスタンブロット、フローサイトメトリー、およびELISAによって遊離およびマトリックス包埋ヒト大動脈内皮細胞(HAE)の間のフラクタルキンの発現および分泌を比較した。サイトカイン刺激HAEおよび51Cr標識ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞を使用して接着アッセイを行った。
内皮細胞注射によって、マウスの抗体形成が誘導された。ナイーブB6マウスでは、5×105個のPAEの3回の連続皮下注射により、生理食塩水注射と比較して、循環内皮細胞特異的IgG1(2210±341対53±12の平均蛍光強度(MFI)およびIgM抗体(136±39対49±14MFI;p<0.02)が上昇した。第1のPAE注射から42日後のいずれかのマウス群の血清中に検出可能なPAE特異的IgG2a抗体は認められなかった(データ示さず)。
樹状細胞は、免疫応答の開始および調節を共に行う固有の能力を有する抗原提示細胞である。成熟樹状細胞は、エフェクターおよび記憶細胞へのT細胞の分化を促進するのに対して、未成熟樹状細胞は、寛容原性様式で(自己)抗原を提示する。樹状細胞は、種々の内皮媒介性疾患を意図し、内皮細胞の活性化によってその成熟を誘導する。樹状細胞は免疫反応で重要であるので、内皮細胞駆動樹状細胞成熟は内皮細胞−マトリックス接触に依存するということになる。
移植拒絶の処置:正常な(免疫が犠牲になっていない)器官移植物レシピエント集団を同定する。集団を3群に分け、そのうちの1群に移植器官を受ける前に有効量の本発明の移植可能な材料を投与する。第2の群に、移植器官を受けるのと同時に有効量の本発明の移植可能な材料を投与する。第3の群は本発明の移植可能な材料を受けないが、移植物器官を受ける。免疫応答および/または炎症応答の軽減および/または改善を、血清サンプル中のT細胞リンパ球およびB細胞リンパ球の増殖の評価ならびに移植器官の許容の持続時間のモニタリングによって長期間モニタリングする。有効量の本発明の移植可能な材料を投与した候補は、リンパ球増殖の軽減および/または移植器官許容の持続時間の増加を示すと予想される。
Claims (30)
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料であって、
生体適合性マトリックス、および
固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞
を含み、ここで、該移植可能な材料は、レシピエントの免疫応答または炎症反応を軽減するのに十分な量で、該レシピエントに提供されることを特徴とする、移植可能な材料。 - 前記移植可能な材料は、1回または複数回用量の同系ドナーまたは非同系ドナー由来の細胞、組織、または器官の、前記レシピエントへの投与前、投与と同時、または投与後に提供されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記移植可能な材料は、前記免疫応答または炎症反応の発生前、発生と同時、または発生後に提供されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料であって、
生体適合性マトリックス、および固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞を含み、該移植可能な材料は、自家移植片、異種移植片、または同種移植片の細胞、組織、または器官が患者によって拒絶されないことを確実にするのに有効な量で、該患者の自家移植片、異種移植片、または同種移植片の細胞、組織、または器官の移植前、移植と同時、または移植後に提供されることを特徴とする、移植可能な材料。 - 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料であって、
生体適合性マトリックス、および固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞を含み、該移植可能な材料は、ドナー抗原に対するレシピエントの免疫応答を軽減するのに有効な量で、該レシピエントへの該ドナー抗原の導入前、導入と同時、または導入後に提供されることを特徴とする、移植可能な材料。 - 前記移植可能な材料は、前記レシピエントへの免疫抑制薬の投与前、投与と同時、または投与後に提供されることを特徴とする、請求項1、請求項4、または請求項5に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記免疫抑制薬が、同時投与中に前記移植可能な材料中に存在する、請求項6に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記ドナーとレシピエントとが同一である、請求項5に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記レシピエントが自己免疫疾患を有する、請求項1、請求項4、請求項5、または請求項8に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料であって、
生体適合性マトリックスおよび固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞を含み、該移植可能な材料は、移植した同系または非同系の細胞、組織、または器官がレシピエントによって拒絶されないように、移植前、移植と同時、または移植後に該レシピエントに提供されることを特徴とする、移植可能な材料。 - 前記移植された細胞、組織、または器官が非内皮細胞を含む、請求項4または請求項10に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記ドナー抗原が非内皮細胞抗原を含む、請求項5に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記移植可能な材料は、移植前、移植と同時、または移植後に免疫抑制薬とともに投与されることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための組成物であって、該組成物は、ブタ大動脈内皮細胞を含み、ここで、該ブタ大動脈内皮細胞は、請求項1〜請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の移植可能な材料におけるものと同様に、生体適合性マトリックスと組み合わせて、固定または包埋された状態で使用されることを特徴とする、組成物。
- 前記ブタ大動脈内皮細胞が、生体適合性マトリックスに固定または包埋されている場合、非同系ドナーの細胞、組織、または器官に対するレシピエントの体液性免疫応答または細胞性免疫応答を軽減させる、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記ブタ大動脈内皮細胞が、生体適合性マトリックスに固定または包埋されている場合、免疫原性の減少を示す、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記ブタ大動脈内皮細胞が、生体適合性マトリックスに固定または包埋されている場合、MHC、同時刺激分子、または接着分子の発現の軽減を示す、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記ブタ大動脈内皮細胞が、生体適合性マトリックスに固定または包埋され、かつ樹状細胞と同時培養した場合に、該樹状細胞によるHLA−DR、IL12、Toll様受容体、もしくはCD83の発現を阻害するか;該樹状細胞によるデキストラン取り込みを促進するか;または樹状細胞誘導性リンパ球増殖を遮断するか;あるいは適応的免疫細胞と同時培養した場合、該細胞の増殖、活性化、または分化を阻害し、ここで、該適応的免疫細胞が、Bリンパ球およびTリンパ球からなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 生体適合性マトリックスと、請求項16に記載の固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞とを含む、樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料。
- 前記移植可能な材料が固体または非固体である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記移植可能な材料が、移植、注射、または注入によってレシピエントに提供される、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料であって、該移植可能な材料が、
生体適合性マトリックスと、該生体適合性マトリックスに固定もしくは包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞;または
その組織、器官、もしくはセグメント
を含み、ここで、有効量の該移植可能な材料が、非同系の細胞、組織、または器官に対するレシピエントの免疫応答を軽減させる、移植可能な材料。 - 前記非同系の細胞、組織、または器官が、自己免疫疾患を罹患しているレシピエントのものである、請求項22に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための移植可能な材料であって、
生体適合性マトリックス、および
固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞
を含み、該移植可能な材料は、外因性免疫原への曝露に起因するレシピエントの免疫応答または炎症反応を軽減するのに十分な量で該レシピエントに提供されることを特徴とする、移植可能な材料。 - 前記移植可能な材料は、免疫応答または炎症反応の発生前、発生と同時、または発生後に提供されることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記外因性免疫原が天然に存在する、請求項24に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記外因性免疫原が、薬学的作用因子、毒素、外科的インプラント、感染因子、および化学物質からなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 前記外因性免疫原が、環境ストレス、損傷、および曝露からなる群から選択される外因性刺激である、請求項24に記載の移植可能な材料。
- 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための組み合わせ物であって、該組み合わせ物は、
生体適合性マトリックスと;
固定または包埋されているブタ大動脈内皮細胞と
を含み、該組み合わせ物は、レシピエントの免疫応答また炎症反応を軽減するのに十分な量で該レシピエントに提供されることを特徴とする、組み合わせ物。 - 樹状細胞の成熟を阻害するための組成物であって、該組成物は、ブタ大動脈内皮細胞と組み合わせて使用される生体適合性マトリックスを含み、該ブタ大動脈内皮細胞は、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の移植可能な材料におけるもの同様に該生体適合性マトリックスと組み合わされる場合、固定または包埋された状態であることを特徴とする、組成物。
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US9795480B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2017-10-24 | Millipede, Inc. | Reconfiguring tissue features of a heart annulus |
US12023235B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2024-07-02 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Adjustable endolumenal implant for reshaping the mitral valve annulus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2012224644A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
EP1874919A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
CN101268183A (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
AU2006238892B2 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
US20130177600A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
US20090087414A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
HK1116829A1 (en) | 2009-01-02 |
WO2006116357A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
DE602006014814D1 (de) | 2010-07-22 |
CN101268183B (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
CA2605080A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
US9040092B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
EP1874919B1 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
US20120308610A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
JP2008538587A (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
AU2006238892A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
ATE470701T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
ES2347078T3 (es) | 2010-10-25 |
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