JP5160972B2 - Forest function restoration method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000862 Arboform Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005109 Cryptomeria japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、間伐、枝打ち等の森林整備が遅れることによって土壌の単粒化が進んで森林の土砂流出防止機能等の公益機能が低下している森林に対して、土壌の団粒化を促進する客土及び対象森林の周辺の種子及び土壌を用いることで下層の植生を急速に回復させ、森林土壌の機能を改善することを可能としたものである。 The present invention promotes soil agglomeration for forests where the improvement of forests such as thinning and pruning has been delayed and the public interest functions such as the prevention of sediment runoff of forests have declined. By using the seeds and soil around the target soil and the target forest, the vegetation of the lower layer can be rapidly recovered and the function of the forest soil can be improved.
一般的にスギ、ヒノキに代表される人工林では、間伐、枝打ち等の森林整備事業によって、立木密度を低下させることで森林内照度を確保すれば下層植生が回復するとされてきた。しかし、過密に植栽された人工林内は低照度によって維持されている期間が長いことから土壌中に多量の種子を包含していないのが一般的である。
このような環境であることから、有機物含有量の低下に伴って土壌の単粒化が進行してしまうことが問題となっている。対処法としては、森林表層の表土を採取する手法や採取した土壌や地下茎をバッグに詰め込み緑化する手法及び山地に自生している実生苗木の地上部を切断して森林へ戻す工法等が考案されてきた。
Since it is such an environment, it has become a problem that the single grain of soil advances with the fall of organic matter content. As a workaround, construction method or the like is designed to return by cutting the above-ground parts of the seedlings that are native to technique and mountains greening stuffing techniques and collected soil and rhizomes to harvest the forest surface layer of topsoil to back grayed to forest It has been.
ところが、上記の従来工法では、対象となる緑化箇所周辺で種子や土壌、地下茎を採取しているものの最適な環境である森林周辺から対象となる機能低下した森林への種子や土壌、地下茎の導入とはなっていなかった。このことから、森林自体の機能を回復する手法となっておらず，植物を増やして景観に配慮した緑化を行うことが主たる目的であるので、どの植物でもいいから生やしている状態である。
また、このような考えに基づいていることから、森林土壌の構造を改善するに至っておらず、導入した土壌が植生に適合せずに発芽生育していないのが問題となっている。
However, in the conventional method described above, seeds, soil, and rhizomes are collected around the target greening site, but the seeds, soil, and rhizomes are introduced into the target forest with reduced function from the surrounding area, which is the optimum environment. It was not. For this reason, it is not a method for restoring the function of the forest itself, and the main purpose is to increase the number of plants and to plant trees in consideration of the landscape. Therefore, any plant can be used.
Moreover, since it is based on such an idea, the structure of the forest soil has not been improved, and the introduced soil does not conform to vegetation and does not germinate and grow.
そこで、本発明では、森林の機能を回復するために単粒化している土粒子を団粒化させる役割をになう腐植の形成をバーク堆肥系資材に代表される有機質資材及び泥炭等の腐植促進土、土壌分析に基づいた肥料、森林の機能改善が必要な森林周辺から採取した種子の生育によって早期に改善できることにより、従来の課題を解決し且つ発明の目的を達成するようにした。 Therefore, in the present invention, the formation of humus that plays the role of agglomerating the single soil particles to restore the function of the forest, organic materials represented by bark compost materials and humus such as peat The problem can be solved and the object of the invention can be achieved by improving the soil at an early stage by promoting soil, fertilizer based on soil analysis, and growth of seeds collected from around the forest where the function of the forest needs to be improved.
本発明の第１は、森林機能回復工法において、間伐、枝打ち等の森林整備が遅れることによって有機物不足が起こり、土壌の団粒化が損なわれて土砂流出防止等の公益的機能が維持できなくなったスギ、ヒノキ等の人工林に対して周辺の森林に成育している木本類、草本類から採取した種子と、種子が混ざっている周辺森林の表層土壌と、バーク堆肥を混合した客土と粘結剤と用水による混合物と混合して森林機能回復基盤材として吹付機で対象となる森林土壌面に吹き付けることによって、下層植生を早期に回復させると共に、機能低下した森林土壌構造の改善を図るようにしたものである。 The first aspect of the present invention is that in the forest function recovery method, organic matter shortages occur due to delays in forest maintenance such as thinning and pruning, and soil agglomeration is impaired and public interest functions such as prevention of sediment runoff cannot be maintained. Seeds collected from woody and herbaceous plants growing in the surrounding forests against artificial forests such as cedar and cypress, surface soil of the surrounding forests where seeds are mixed, and soils mixed with bark compost The mixture is mixed with a mixture of water, binder, and water, and sprayed onto the target forest soil surface with a spraying machine as a forest function recovery base material. It is intended to be illustrated.
本発明の第２は、第１の発明に係る森林機能回復工法において、有機質資材であるバーク堆肥、腐植促進土、肥料、採取された種子を有機質資材100の割合でハイドロシーダー又はモルタル・コンクリート吹付機などの吹付機の中で混合して森林機能回復基盤材を作成し、当該基盤材吹付機によって対象森林の土壌面に吹き付けを行うようにしたものである。 The second aspect of the present invention is the method for restoring forest function according to the first aspect of the invention, in which bark compost, humus promoting soil, fertilizer, and collected seeds, which are organic materials, are sprayed with hydrocedar or mortar / concrete at a ratio of 100 organic materials. A forest function recovery base material is prepared by mixing in a spraying machine such as a machine, and sprayed onto the soil surface of the target forest by the base material spraying machine.
本発明の第３は、第１の発明に係る森林機能回復工法において、有機質資材であるバーク堆肥は、ｐＨ（Ｈ2Ｏ）で5．5〜7．5、電気伝導度が0．9mS／cm以下となるものを用い、土壌の団粒化を促進する素材については有機物含有量70％以上、ｐＨ（Ｈ2Ｏ）で3．5〜6．0の値のものを利活用するものである。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the forest function recovery method according to the first aspect, bark compost, which is an organic material, has a pH (H 2 O) of 5.5 to 7.5 and an electrical conductivity of 0.9 mS / For materials that promote the agglomeration of soil, use materials with an organic content of 70% or more and a pH (H 2 O) value of 3.5 to 6.0. is there.
本発明の第４は、第１の発明に係る森林機能回復工法において、対象地の森林土壌の化学性の分析値を用いて陽イオン交換容量に占めるＣa、Ｍg、Ｋ等の塩基量の過不足量に見合った施肥設計を利活用して導入する植物に適合した培地を作ることにある。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the forest function recovery method according to the first aspect of the present invention, excess amounts of bases such as Ca, Mg, and K occupying the cation exchange capacity using the analytical value of the chemical properties of the forest soil of the target site. The purpose is to create a medium that is suitable for the plant to be introduced by utilizing the fertilization design suitable for the shortage.
本発明の第５は、第１の発明に係る森林機能回復工法において、客土に混合する肥料については、対象地の森林土壌の化学性の分析値を用いて陽イオン交換容量に占めるＣa、Ｍg、Ｋ等の塩基量の過不足量に見合った施肥設計を利活用するようにしたものである。 According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the forest function recovery method according to the first aspect, for the fertilizer to be mixed with the soil, Ca occupies the cation exchange capacity using the analytical value of the chemical property of the forest soil of the target site, The fertilization design that matches the excess and deficiency of the amount of base such as Mg and K is utilized.
本発明の第６は、第１の発明に係る森林機能回復工法において、客土に混合する種子は、機能を回復する必要がある森林周辺に存在する森林地帯から採取したものとし、客土を麻等の分解性の袋に詰めて対象となる森林に設置する方法を含めるようにしたものである。 According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the forest function recovery method according to the first aspect of the invention, the seed to be mixed with the soil is taken from a forest area around the forest where the function needs to be restored. It includes a method of installing in degradable bags such as hemp and installing it in the target forest.
本発明は上記の構成であることから、次の効果がある。すなわち、バーク堆肥及び腐植促進土を混合したものと周辺森林の表層土壌から採取した種子及び土壌を用いることにより、単粒構造となって機能低下した森林土壌を団粒化させる改良効果が期待できる。また、この土壌改良効果の発現によって、森林土壌が降雨等の外的ストレスによって流亡し難い土壌環境を構築することが可能となり、酸性雨に対しても耐性を持つ環境に中長期的に保持することが可能となる。基材の吹き付けについては、通常の緑化工法で利活用されている機械の利用が可能である。 Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects are obtained. That is, by using seeds and soil collected from the surface soil of the surrounding forest with a mixture of bark compost and humus-promoting soil, an improvement effect of agglomerating forest soil that has deteriorated in function as a single grain structure can be expected. . In addition, the development of this soil improvement effect makes it possible to build a soil environment in which forest soil is not easily washed away by external stress such as rainfall, and it is maintained in an environment that is resistant to acid rain over the medium to long term. It becomes possible. Regarding the spraying of the base material, it is possible to use a machine that is utilized in a normal tree planting method.
本発明にあっては、土壌の塩基飽和度を有機質資材であるバーク堆肥へ腐植促進土の混合量を可変することにより変更できることから，周辺森林から採取した植物種の成育環境に合った森林土壌環境とすることが可能となる。 In the present invention, since the base saturation of the soil can be changed by varying the amount of humus promoting soil mixed with bark compost, which is an organic material, the forest soil suitable for the growth environment of the plant species collected from the surrounding forest It becomes possible to be an environment.
（1）土壌の団粒化を維持できる森林土壌の環境では，土壌ｐＨが5.0〜6.0となるのに比較すると、現在の間伐や枝打ち等の森林整備が遅れている森林土壌では土壌のｐＨが4．4以下となってしまい、有機物及び有機物由来の塩類等が流亡して土壌構造が単粒化して砂質化してしまっていることを確認したことにある。このような環境では，降雨等の外的ストレスに対して非常に弱く立木であるスギ、ヒノキの足場が崩れ易くなっていることを確認している。
（2）有機物資材であるバーク系堆肥４、樹皮や廃材等を１〜２年程度養生した後に製品化されるので、初期の段階ではｐＨが8.0程度となり、アルカリ性となる。
このような資材単独では、単粒土壌１７化した土壌粒子１９を結び付ける腐植の形成が行われないことから、腐植促進土５を混合して培地を作ることによって早期に腐植を形成して団粒土壌１８化を図る。また、機能回復させたい森林周辺から採取した種子の混入した表層土壌３′を混合することで、郷土植物が成育することから団粒化のスピードは飛躍的に増加する。
（3）バーク系資材及び腐植促進土５は、降雨が連続すると流亡してしまうことが懸念される。このように導入した客土２が流亡しないようにするために酢酸ビニール系粘結剤８や中性の無機系固化剤を酢酸ビニール系では、１ｍ3に対して１kg、無機系固化剤では10〜20kg添加することで問題を解決している。
（4）液体状の木酢液や竹酢液では、腐植促進剤として短期的に同様な効果を発現させことも可能となるが、降雨等で容易に流亡してしまう。この間題を粉末〜粗粒の泥炭、燻製炭及び人工腐植土等の腐植促進土を用いることにより解決している。
(1) In a forest soil environment where soil agglomeration can be maintained, the soil pH is 5.0 to 6.0 compared to a soil pH of 5.0 to 6.0. It was 4.4 or less, and it was confirmed that organic matter and salts derived from organic matter were washed away and the soil structure became single grains and became sandy. In such an environment, it has been confirmed that the scaffolds of cedar and cypress, which are very weak against external stress such as rainfall, are easily collapsed.
(2) Since bark compost 4, which is an organic material, bark, waste wood, etc. is cured for about 1 to 2 years, it is commercialized, so that the pH is about 8.0 at the initial stage and it becomes alkaline.
Since such a material alone does not form humus that binds soil particles 19 that have become single-grained soil 17, humus is formed early by forming a medium by mixing humus-promoting soil 5. Plan to make soil 18. In addition, by mixing the surface soil 3 'mixed with seeds collected from around the forest where the function is to be restored, the native plant grows, and the speed of aggregation is dramatically increased.
(3) There is a concern that the bark materials and humus promotion soil 5 will be washed away if rain continues. In order to prevent the land 2 thus introduced from flowing away, the vinyl acetate binder 8 and the neutral inorganic solidifying agent are 1 kg per 1 m 3 for the vinyl acetate type and 10 kg for the inorganic solidifying agent. The problem is solved by adding ~ 20kg.
(4) In liquid wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar, it is possible to develop the same effect in the short term as a humus promoter, but it will be easily washed away by rainfall. This problem is solved by using humus-promoting soils such as powder-coarse peat , smoked charcoal, and artificial humus.
次に、本発明の実施例を説明する。図１において、１は森林機能回復基盤材であり、後述の客土に粘結剤を用水と混合した混合物を加えて撹拌することにより得る。２は客土であり、後述の採取種子及び種子が混在している表層土壌にバーク堆肥と腐植促進土を混合撹拌して得る。３は森林に成育している木本類、草本類から採取した種子、３′は種子が混在している森林周辺地帯（図３）から採取する表層土壌、４はバーク堆肥であり、Ｃ／Ｎ比で３５以下、有機物含有量70％以上の資材を用いることとし、ｐＨ（Ｈ2Ｏ）で5．5〜7．5、電気伝導度が0．9mS／cm以下の値のものを利活用する。５は腐植促進土であり、泥炭、燻製炭及び人工腐植土等の腐植促進土については、有機物含有量70％以上、ｐＨ（Ｈ2Ｏ）で3．5〜6．0の値のものを利活用する。
６・６′は客土２を吹付機１２に搬送するベルトコンベア、７〜９は客土２に加えて吹付材を作るための部材である。すなわち、客土２を森林表土と一体化するために例えば酢酸ビニール系粘結剤又は無機系中性固化剤等を可とし、粘結剤８を用水９と混合した混合物７を得る。
１０は発電機、１１はコンプレッサ、１２は湿式の森林機能回復基盤材１の吹付機であり、ハイドロシーダー又はモルタル吹付機を用いるものとする。１３は揚水ポンプ、１４は水槽、１５は配電盤、１６は基盤材１を森林土壌面Ｇに吹き付ける噴射ノズルを示す。
Next, examples of the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a forest function recovery base material, which is obtained by adding and stirring a mixture obtained by mixing a binder with water for use in the below-described soil. Reference numeral 2 is a guest soil, which is obtained by mixing and stirring bark compost and humus promoting soil in a surface layer soil in which collected seeds and seeds described later are mixed. 3 is seeds collected from woody and herbaceous plants growing in the forest, 3 'is the surface soil collected from the forest surrounding area where the seeds are mixed (Fig. 3), 4 is bark compost, Use materials with an N ratio of 35 or less and an organic content of 70% or more, pH (H 2 O) of 5.5 to 7.5, and electrical conductivity of 0.9 mS / cm or less. use. 5 is humus-promoting soil. For humus-promoting soil such as peat, smoked charcoal and artificial humus, organic content is 70% or more, and pH (H 2 O) is 3.5 to 6.0. Use it.
Numerals 6 and 6 ′ are belt conveyors for transporting the customer soil 2 to the sprayer 12, and numerals 7 to 9 are members for making a spray material in addition to the customer soil 2. That is, in order to integrate the soil 2 with the forest topsoil, for example, a vinyl acetate binder or an inorganic neutral solidifying agent is allowed, and a mixture 7 in which the binder 8 is mixed with the water 9 is obtained.
10 is a generator, 11 is a compressor, 12 is a sprayer of the wet forest function recovery base material 1, and a hydroseeder or a mortar sprayer is used. 13 is a pumping pump, 14 is a water tank, 15 is a switchboard, and 16 is an injection nozzle that blows the base material 1 onto the forest soil surface G.
「具体的な施工例における施工順序」
（1） 採取種子３及び種子が混在している表層土壌３′にバーク堆肥４と腐植促進土５を混合撹拌して客土２を得る。
（2） 上記の客土２に粘結剤８を用水９と混合した混合物７を加えて撹拌することにより森林機能回復基盤材１とする。
（3） 森林機能回復しようとする目的の森林土壌面Ｇに森林機能回復基盤材１を湿式の吹付機１２を使ってノズル１６による吹き付けを行う。
（4） 森林土壌面Ｇの目的に応じて厚さ1．0〜5．0cm程度に吹き付けて森林機能回復基盤層Ａを形成する。
"Construction order in specific construction examples"
(1) The bark compost 4 and the humus promoting soil 5 are mixed and stirred in the surface soil 3 'where the collected seeds 3 and the seeds are mixed to obtain the guest soil 2.
(2) The forest function recovery base material 1 is obtained by adding and stirring the mixture 7 in which the binder 8 is mixed with the water 9 to the above-mentioned soil 2.
(3) The forest function recovery base material 1 is sprayed by the nozzle 16 using the wet spraying machine 12 on the forest soil surface G to be restored.
(4) The forest function recovery base layer A is formed by spraying to a thickness of about 1.0 to 5.0 cm according to the purpose of the forest soil surface G.
本発明は、林業の材価低迷に伴って森林整備の意欲が無くなり、間伐、枝打ち等の整備が遅れることで土壌環境が劣化して、立木の成長及び降雨で土壌養分が流亡し易い環境となっているスギ、ヒノキ等の人工林を生物多様性に満ちた森林環境へと回復することが期待できる。 The present invention eliminates the willingness to improve forests due to sluggish lumber prices in forestry, delays the maintenance of thinning, pruning, etc., and deteriorates the soil environment, and the environment in which soil nutrients tend to run away due to the growth and rainfall of trees. It is expected that artificial forests such as Japanese cedar and cypress will be restored to a forest environment full of biodiversity.
１……森林機能回復基盤材
２……客土
３……種子（直接採取，土壌埋没分採取）
３′…種子が混在している表層土壌
４……バーク堆肥
５……腐植促進土（泥炭，燻製炭及び人工腐植土）
６……コンベア
７……混合物
８……粘結剤
９……用水
１０……発電機
１１……コンプレッサ
１２……基盤材の吹付機
１３……水汲み上げポンプ
１４……水槽
１５……配電盤
１６……噴射ノズル
１７……単粒土壌
１８……団粒土壌
１９……土壌粒子
Ａ……森林機能回復基盤層
Ｇ……森林土壌面
1 …… Forest function restoration base material 2 …… Custom soil 3 …… Seeds (direct collection, soil buried collection)
3 '... Surface soil with mixed seeds 4 ... Burk compost 5 ... Humus promotion soil (peat, smoked charcoal and artificial humus)
6 ... Conveyor 7 ... Mixture 8 ... Binder 9 ... Water 10 ... Generator 11 ... Compressor 12 ... Base material sprayer 13 ... Water pumping pump 14 ... Water tank 15 ... Power distribution panel 16 …… Spray nozzle 17 …… Single grain soil 18 …… Aggregate soil 19 …… Soil particles A …… Forest functional recovery base layer G …… Forest soil surface
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| CN109033701B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2022-11-29 | 北京林业大学 | Loess plateau forest stand structure design method based on water and soil conservation function |
| CN110352653A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-22 | 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 | A kind of thin soil forest land basement rock surface layer rapid-result indigenous method fastly |
| CN112997793B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2023-06-02 | 成都理工大学 | Method for recovering near-natural forest of high mountain cut land of Sichuan mountain |
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| JP2001040668A (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-02-13 | Dan Makino | Greening spraying method for ground, and greening spraying force-feeding device for ground, and spraying composition for greening spraying method for ground |
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