JP5146409B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5146409B2 JP5146409B2 JP2009137195A JP2009137195A JP5146409B2 JP 5146409 B2 JP5146409 B2 JP 5146409B2 JP 2009137195 A JP2009137195 A JP 2009137195A JP 2009137195 A JP2009137195 A JP 2009137195A JP 5146409 B2 JP5146409 B2 JP 5146409B2
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- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 138
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004894 pentylamino group Chemical group C(CCCC)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006551 perfluoro alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTYPUNPKBFMFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum silver Chemical compound [Ag][Pt][Pt] HTYPUNPKBFMFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005649 polyetherethersulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/351—Metal complexes comprising lanthanides or actinides, e.g. comprising europium
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/656—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising two or more different heteroatoms per ring
- H10K85/6565—Oxadiazole compounds
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Description
−G−SO2N−W+SO2−E (P-2)
−G−P(O)(O−W+)2 (P-3)
−G−P(O)O−W+−E (P-4)
(式中、Gは水素の一部または全部がフッ素置換されたアルキレン基、水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアラルキレン基、または水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアリーレン基を表わし、W+は陽イオンを表し、Eは水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアルキル基、水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアラルキル基、または水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアリール基を表わす。)
ここで、W+の代表例しては、例えば水素イオン、ナトリウムイオン、リチウムイオン等のアルカリ金属イオン等が挙げられる。正孔注入材料に混合して用いる場合には水素イオンであることが好ましい。
具体的にはナフィオン(登録商標)など下記の一般式(P-5)
(ここでmmは0〜20の整数、nnは1〜6整数である。)
で示される繰り返し構造単位を含む高分子。;
下記の一般式(P-6)〜(P-10)
(ここでbbは0〜20の整数、aa、ccおよびddは、それぞれ独立に1〜6整数である。)
で示される、スルホン酸やポリビニルスルホン酸の水素原子をフッ素原子に置き換えた繰り返し構造単位を含む高分子。;
下記の一般式(P-11)〜(P-18)
(ここでgg、kk、ooおよびqqはそれぞれ独立に0〜20の整数、ee、ff、hh、ii、jj、ll、ppおよびrrは、それぞれ独立に1〜6の整数である。)
で示される繰り返し構造単位を含む導電性高分子(例えば、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子にスルホン酸基をパーフルオロアルキレン基で結合した高分子)等が例示される。
具体的には、例えばNature, (1998), 395, 151、Appl. Phys. Lett. (1999), 75(1), 4、Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (2001), 4105(Organic Light-Emitting Materials and DevicesIV), 119、J. Am. Chem. Soc., (2001), 123, 4304、Appl. Phys. Lett., (1997), 71(18), 2596、Syn. Met., (1998), 94(1), 103、Syn. Met., (1999), 99(2), 1361、Adv. Mater., (1999), 11(10), 852 、Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.,34, 1883 (1995)などに記載されている。
ここで、Ar1は、アリーレン基または2価の複素環基または金属錯体構造を有する2価の基を示す。Y1は
−CR1=CR2−または、−C≡C−を表す。R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはシアノ基を示す。
kは0〜2の整数である。R1およびR2がそれぞれ複数存在するばあい、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
(2)
ここで、Ar2およびAr3はそれぞれ独立にアリーレン基または2価の複素環基を示す。またR3は、アルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、下記式(3)で示される基または下記式(4)で示される基を示す。mは1〜4の整数である。Ar3およびR3がそれぞれ複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
(3)
ここで、Ar4はアリーレン基または2価の複素環基である。R4は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、または下記式(4)で示される基を示す。Y2は、 −CR5=CR6−または−C≡C−を表す。R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはシアノ基を示す。pは0〜2の整数を示す。R5およびR6がそれぞれ複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
(4)
ここで、Ar5およびAr6はそれぞれ独立にアリーレン基または2価の複素環基である。また、R7はアルキル基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を示す。
R8は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を示す。qは1〜4の整数である。Ar6およびR7がそれぞれ複数存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
R7およびR8がアリール基または1価の複素環基の場合、該アリール基、該1価の複素環基はアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、置換シリル基、置換アミノ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、アリールアルキル基、アリールアルコキシ基、アリールアルケニル基、アリールアルキニル基、1価の複素環基等の置換基を有していてもよい。
有機配位子を有する金属錯体としては、低分子の蛍光材料、燐光材料として公知のもの、いわゆる三重項発光錯体などが挙げられる。
上記の式1〜128において、Rはそれぞれ独立に水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、置換アミノ基、置換シリル基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、アリールアルキル基、アリールアルコキシ基、アリールアルケニル基、アリールアルキニル基、1価の複素環基シアノ基等が挙げられる。
置換シリル基は、アルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基または1価の複素環基は置換基から選ばれる1、2または3個の基で置換されたシリル基をいい、炭素数は通常1〜60程度である。
式中Rは前述のものと同様な基が例示される。
a)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/陰極
b)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
c)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
d)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ここで、/は各層が隣接して積層されていることを示す。以下同じ。)
本発明の有機EL素子が有する正孔注入層の膜厚としては、例えば1nm〜300nmであり、2nm〜150nmが好ましく、より好ましくは10nm〜100nmである。
本発明の有機EL素子においては、陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であることが、発光を透過するため、発光の取出し効率がよく好都合である。
参考例1
<高分子化合物1の合成>
4、4’−ジブロムー{4’’−(4−t-ブチルフェニル)エテニル}トリフェニルアミン0.25gと9,9−ジオクチル―2,7−ジブロムフルオレン0.51gと2,2’−ビピリジル0.55gとをテトラヒドロフラン40gに溶解した後、窒素ガスでバブリングして、系内を窒素ガス置換した。この溶液に、ビス(1,5−シクロオクタジエン)ニッケル(0){Ni(COD)2}1.0gを加え、室温で約10分間攪拌した後、昇温し、60℃で6時間反応した。
<高分子化合物2の合成>
9,9−ジオクチル−2,7−ジブロモフルオレン3.3gと9,9−ジイソアミル−2,7−ジブロモフルオレン0.7gと2,2’―ビピリジル2.75gとを反応容器に仕込んだ後、反応系内をアルゴンガスで置換した。これに、あらかじめアルゴンガスでバブリングして、脱気したテトラヒドロフラン(脱水溶媒)200mlを加えた。次に、この混合溶液に、ビス(1,5−シクロオクタジエン)ニッケル(0)を5.0gを加え、室温で10分間攪拌した後、60℃で5時間反応した。なお、反応は、アルゴンガス雰囲気中で行った。反応後、この溶液を冷却した後、25%アンモニア水25ml/メタノール150ml/イオン交換水150ml混合溶液中にそそぎ込み、約1時間攪拌した。次に、生成した沈殿を濾過し、回収した。この沈殿を乾燥した後、トルエンに溶解した。この溶液を濾過し、不溶物を除去した後、この溶液を1N HCl水で洗浄した後,2%NH3水で洗浄した。これをさらにイオン交換水で洗浄した後、この溶液をメタノール中にそそぎ込み、再沈して、生成した沈殿を回収した。この沈殿を減圧乾燥して、重合体1.6gを得た(高分子化合物2)。
スパッタ法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板に、ポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸の分散溶液(バイエル社、BaytronR P VP AI4083)に対してナフィオン(登録商標)の5%溶液(アルドリッチ社製低級アルコールと水の混合溶媒を用いた溶液)を重量比で95:5の割合になるように加えて、よく混合した後、この混合液をスピンコートにより2000rpmで成膜した。その後、ホットプレート上で200℃で10分間乾燥した。次に、上記で得た高分子化合物1と高分子化合物2を3:7となるように混合して、トルエンに溶解させた。このとき、固形分の濃度は約1.5wt%となるように調製した。このトルエン溶液を用いてスピンコートにより2000rpmで成膜した。さらに、これを減圧下80℃で1時間乾燥した後、陰極として、フッ化リチウムを約4nm、カルシウムを約20nm、次いでアルミニウムを約50nm蒸着して、有機EL素子を作製した。なお真空度が、1×10-4Pa以下に到達したのち、金属の蒸着を開始した。
実施例1でナフィオン(登録商標)の混合量を重量比90:10とした以外は実施例1と同様に素子を作成した。この素子は、440nmの発光ピークで青色の発光を示した。1cd/cm2となる発光開始電圧は3.1Vであった。最高の効率は0.68cd/Aであった。
25mA/cm2の電流密度でこの素子を駆動したところ、開始直後の輝度から、87時間たっても半減せず、55%の輝度を保持していた。
実施例1でナフィオン(登録商標)の混合量を重量比85:15とした以外は実施例1と同様に素子を作成した。この素子は、440nmの発光ピークで青色の発光を示した。1cd/cm2となる発光開始電圧は3.1Vであった。最高の効率は0.57cd/Aであった。
実施例1でナフィオン(登録商標)を添加しない以外は実施例1と同様に素子を作成した。この素子は、440nmの発光ピークで青色の発光を示した。1cd/cm2となる発光開始電圧は3.2Vであった。最高の効率は0.65cd/Aであった。
Claims (2)
- 正孔注入層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における正孔注入層形成用の溶
液または分散液であって、
100%硫酸より酸性の強い超強酸として、側鎖に1種類以上の下記の一般式(P-1)、(P-2)、(P-3)および(P-4)で示される超強酸基を有する高分子を含有することを特徴とする正孔注入層形成用の溶液または分散液。
−G−SO 3 − W + (P-1)
−G−SO 2 N − W + SO 2 −E (P-2)
−G−P(O)(O − W + ) 2 (P-3)
−G−P(O)O − W + −E (P-4)
(式中、Gは水素の一部または全部がフッ素置換されたアルキレン基、水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアラルキレン基、または水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアリーレン基を表わし、W + は陽イオンを表し、Eは水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアルキル基、水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアラルキル基、または水素の一部または全部がフッ素で置換されたアリール基を表わす。) - さらに、チオフェンおよびその誘導体の重合体を導電性高分子として含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の正孔注入層形成用の溶液または分散液。
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