JP5111762B2 - 電流に基づく位置探知 - Google Patents
電流に基づく位置探知 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
- A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
- A61B5/063—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body using impedance measurements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
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- A61B2034/2053—Tracking an applied voltage gradient
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Description
本発明は、概して、生体内に配置されている物体の位置を探知することに関し、具体的には、インピーダンス測定を用いる位置探知に関する。
様々な医療処置には、センサー、管、カテーテル、調剤装置(dispensing devices)およびインプラントのような物体を体内に配置することが包含される。これらの処置を行う間、リアルタイム画像法(real-time imaging methods)は、該物体およびその周辺を視覚化して医師を助けるためにしばしば用いられる。しかし、大抵の状況において、リアルタイム三次元画像化は、可能ではないか、または望ましくない。その代わりに、内部物体のリアルタイム空間座標(real-time spatial coordinates)を得るための装置が、しばしば利用される。
本発明の諸実施例は、生体内に配置されたプローブの位置をリアルタイム(real-time)で測定するための効果的な装置と方法とを提供する。これらの実施例において、該プローブ上の1個以上の電極と体表面上に配置された電極との間に、複数の電流が流される。このようにして、該プローブと該体表面電極の各々との間のインピーダンスが測定され、次いで、これらのインピーダンス測定値に基づき、該プローブの三次元位置座標が決定される。そのような装置および方法は、とりわけ、医療処置(例えば、心臓のマッピングを行うこと、または切除を行って心不整脈を治療すること)において有用である。
被検者の体の中に、少なくとも1個の電極を備えたプローブを挿入する段階と、
前記の少なくとも1個の電極と前記体の表面の複数の位置との間に、該体を通して複数の電流を流す段階と、
前記複数の位置を通って流れる前記複数の電流の各々の特性を測定する段階と、
前記の測定された特性に応答して、前記プローブの位置座標を決定する段階と
を含む、方法が提供される。
被検者の体の中に挿入するのに適した、少なくとも1個のプローブ電極を有するプローブと、
前記体の表面の各々の位置に固定するのに適した複数の体表面電極と、
前記プローブと前記複数の体表面電極とに接続して、前記の少なくとも1個のプローブ電極と該複数の体表面電極との間に、前記体を通して複数の電流を流し、かつ、該複数の体表面電極を通って流れる該複数の電流の各々の特性を測定することによって、該プローブの位置座標を決定する、ように構成された制御器と
を備えている、装置が更に提供される。
図1は、本発明の実施例による位置探知装置20の実例である。装置20は、カテーテル22のような、被検者26の心臓24の心室のような内部体腔の中に挿入されたプローブの位置を決定するのに用いる。該カテーテルは典型的には、該心臓の電位マッピングを行う段階または心臓組織の切除を行う段階のような、診断治療または治療上の処置を行うのに用いる。あるいは該カテーテルまたは他の体内デバイス(intrabody device)は、単独でまたは他の処置装置と共に、他の目的のために使用することができる。
(1)位置探知を行うための方法であって、
被検者の体の中に、少なくとも1個の電極を備えたプローブを挿入する段階と、
前記の少なくとも1個の電極と前記体の表面の複数の位置との間に、前記体を通して複数の電流を流す段階と、
前記複数の位置を通って流れる前記複数の電流の各々の特性を測定する段階と、
前記の測定された特性に応答して、前記プローブの位置座標を決定する段階と、
を含む、方法。
(2)実施態様1記載の方法であって、
前記の少なくとも1個の電極は複数の電極を有し、しかも、前記複数の電流を流す段階は、該複数の電極の1個と前記体の表面の複数の位置の1つとの間に、それら電流の各々を流す段階を含む、方法。
(3)実施態様1記載の方法であって、
前記複数の電流を流す段階は、前記体の前記複数の位置に導電性パッチを貼る段階と、該導電性パッチを通して該複数の電流を流す段階と、を含む、方法。
(4)実施態様1記載の方法であって、
前記複数の位置は、少なくとも3つの位置を含む、方法。
(5)実施態様4記載の方法であって、
前記複数の位置は、丁度3つの位置を含む、方法。
(6)実施態様1記載の方法であって、
前記の各々の特性は、前記複数の位置と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間の各々の電気インピーダンスを示す、方法。
(7)実施態様6記載の方法であって、
前記複数の電流を流す段階は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間で定電圧を維持する段階を含み、かつ、前記の各々の特性を測定する段階は、該定電圧で該複数の電流を測定する段階を含む、方法。
(8)実施態様6記載の方法であって、
前記複数の電流を流す段階は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間で定電流を維持する段階を含み、かつ、前記の各々の特性を測定する段階は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間の各々の電圧を測定する段階を含む、方法。
(9)実施態様1記載の方法であって、
前記プローブを挿入する段階は、該プローブを用いて、前記被検者に診断治療を行う段階を含む、方法。
(10)実施態様9記載の方法であって、
前記プローブはカテーテルを有し、しかも、前記の診断治療を行う段階は、前記被検者の心臓のマッピングを行う段階を含む、方法。
(11)実施態様10記載の方法であって、
前記心臓のマッピングを行う段階は、前記の少なくとも1個の電極を用いて、該心臓の組織の電位を探知する段階を含む、方法。
(12)実施態様1記載の方法であって、
前記プローブを挿入する段階は、該プローブを用いて、前記被検者に治療上の処置を行う段階を含む、方法。
(13)実施態様12記載の方法であって、
前記プローブはカテーテルを有し、しかも、前記の治療上の処置を行う段階は、該カテーテルを用いて心臓組織を切除する段階を含む、方法。
(14)位置探知を行うための装置であって、
少なくとも1個のプローブ電極を有する、被検者の体の中に挿入されるように構成されたプローブと、
前記体の表面の各々の位置に固定されるように構成された複数の体表面電極と、
前記プローブと前記複数の体表面電極とに接続して、前記の少なくとも1個のプローブ電極と前記複数の体表面電極との間に、前記体を通して複数の電流を流し、かつ、前記複数の体表面電極を通って流れる前記複数の電流の各々の特性を測定することによって、前記プローブの位置座標を決定するように構成された制御器と、
を備えている、装置。
(15)実施態様14記載の装置であって、
前記の少なくとも1個のプローブ電極は複数のプローブ電極を有しており、しかも、前記制御器は、該複数のプローブ電極の1個と前記複数の体表面電極の1個との間に、前記
複数の電流の各々を流すように構成された、装置。
(16)実施態様14記載の装置であって、
前記複数の体表面電極は、接着性導電性パッチを有している、装置。
(17)実施態様14記載の装置であって、
前記複数の位置は、少なくとも3つの位置を含む、装置。
(18)実施態様17記載の装置であって、
前記複数の位置は、正確に3つの位置を含む、装置。
(19)実施態様14記載の装置であって、
前記制御器は、前記複数の位置と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間の電気インピーダンスを測定するように構成された、装置。
(20)実施態様19記載の装置であって、
前記制御器は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間で定電圧を維持し、かつ、該定電圧で前記複数の電流を測定することによって、各々の前記インピーダンスを測定するように構成された、装置。
(21)実施態様19記載の装置であって、
前記制御器は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間で定電流を維持し、かつ、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間の各々の電圧を測定することによって、各々の前記インピーダンスを測定するように構成された、装置。
(22)実施態様14記載の装置であって、
前記プローブは、前記被検者に診断治療を行うように構成された、装置。
(23)実施態様22記載の装置であって、
前記プローブはカテーテルを有しており、該カテーテルは前記被検者の心臓のマッピング(mapping)を行うように構成された、装置。
(24)実施態様23記載の装置であって、
前記カテーテルは、前記少なくとも1個の電極を用いて、前記心臓の組織の電位を探知するように構成された、装置。
(25)実施態様14記載の装置であって、
前記プローブは、前記被検者に治療上の処置を行うように構成された、装置。
(26)実施態様25記載の装置であって、
前記プローブはカテーテルを有しており、該カテーテルは、心臓組織の切除を行って心不整脈を治療するように構成された、装置。
22 カテーテル
24 心臓
26 被検者
28 制御ユニット
30 ケーブル
32 接着性皮膚パッチ
34 接着性皮膚パッチ
36 接着性皮膚パッチ
38 医療専門家
40 ディスプレイ
42 マップ
44 電極
46 電極
48 電極
50 回路
52 回路
54 回路
56 演算処理装置
58 体組織
60 体組織
62 体組織
Claims (11)
- 位置探知を行うための装置であって、
少なくとも1個のプローブ電極を有する、被検者の体の中に挿入されるように構成されたプローブと、
前記体の表面の複数の位置の各々に固定されるように構成された複数の体表面電極と、
前記プローブと前記複数の体表面電極とに接続して、前記の少なくとも1個のプローブ電極と前記複数の体表面電極との間に、前記体を通して複数の電流を流し、かつ、前記複数の体表面電極を通って流れる前記複数の電流の各々の特性を測定することによって、前記プローブの位置座標を決定するように構成された制御器と、
を備え、
前記制御器は、前記複数の位置と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間の電気インピーダンスを測定するように構成され、
前記制御器は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間で定電圧を維持し、かつ、該定電圧で前記複数の電流を測定することによって、各々の前記インピーダンスを測定するように構成された、装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置であって、
前記の少なくとも1個のプローブ電極は複数のプローブ電極を有しており、しかも、前記制御器は、該複数のプローブ電極の1個と前記複数の体表面電極の1個との間に、前記複数の電流の各々を流すように構成された、装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置であって、
前記複数の体表面電極は、接着性導電性パッチを有している、装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置であって、
前記複数の位置は、少なくとも3つの位置を含む、装置。 - 請求項4記載の装置であって、
前記複数の位置は、丁度3つの位置を含む、装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置であって、
前記制御器は、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間で定電流を維持し、かつ、前記複数の位置の各々と前記の少なくとも1個の電極との間の各々の電圧を測定することによって、各々の前記インピーダンスを測定するように構成された、装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置であって、
前記プローブは、前記被検者に診断治療を行うように構成された、装置。 - 請求項7記載の装置であって、
前記プローブはカテーテルを有しており、該カテーテルは前記被検者の心臓のマッピング(mapping)を行うように構成された、装置。 - 請求項8記載の装置であって、
前記カテーテルは、前記少なくとも1個の電極を用いて、前記心臓の組織の電位を探知するように構成された、装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置であって、
前記プローブは、前記被検者に治療上の処置を行うように構成された、装置。 - 請求項10記載の装置であって、
前記プローブはカテーテルを有しており、該カテーテルは、心臓組織の切除を行って心不整脈を治療するように構成された、装置。
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US11/030,934 | 2005-01-07 | ||
US11/030,934 US7869865B2 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-01-07 | Current-based position sensing |
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CN (2) | CN104188655B (ja) |
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CN104188655A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
IL172964A (en) | 2012-02-29 |
CA2528890C (en) | 2021-05-04 |
CN104188655B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
CN1803095A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
EP1679034B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
AU2005234715B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
JP2006187634A (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
EP1679034A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
CA2528890A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 |
US20060173251A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
IL172964A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
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