JP5107043B2 - 海洋生物由来の新規治療薬 - Google Patents
海洋生物由来の新規治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)わずかに魚臭を有するほぼ無色透明で粘性のある液体又はわずかに魚臭を有するほぼ白色の粉末であって、粉末を水に溶かした液はほぼ無色で粘性を有する
(2)液体又は粉末を水に溶かした液は波長264±10nmに吸収極大を示す
(3)液体又は粉末を水に溶かした液のpHは酸性を示す
(4)少なくとも脳神経修復作用、神経成長作用、インスリン遊離作用、免疫増強作用、侵害性疼痛抑制作用、神経性疼痛抑制作用、糖尿病性知覚異常改善作用、潰瘍抑制作用の少なくとも一つの作用を有する
マレーシア近海で採取されたナマコの皮と内蔵を除去し、砂や内蔵組織を十分に水で洗い流した。その後、個体がどろどろして液状化するまで約3日間天日に当て、得られた液体を室温下(約27℃)で綿を使った濾過を行い、組織残渣を除去した。次に、濾液を100℃程度に加熱した後、さらに綿を使った濾過を行い沈殿した夾雑物を除去した。そして、室温(約27℃)まで冷却して、室温下において陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂による脱塩処理を行った。この脱塩処理した液に適量の活性炭を加え、吸着による無毒化(脱サポニン化等)及び脱色を行った。この液を冷却(約20℃)し、分離した脂質(脂肪類)を除去した。得られた液を室温(約27℃)に戻し、ポアサイズ1μmのフィルターを用い約6barの圧力下で濾過した。得られた濾液につき、カチオン交換樹脂であるLEWATIT MonoPlus S100(SYBRON CHEMICALS(株)社製)を用いて6barの圧力下で濾過(通液)を行い、引き続いてアニオン交換樹脂であるLEWATIT MonoPlus M500(SYBRON CHEMICALS(株)社製)(SYBRON CHEMICALS(株)社製)を用いて6barの圧力下で濾過(通液)を行った。そして、再びこの濾液に活性炭を加え、その後フィルター濾過、カチオン交換樹脂(MonoPlus S100)及びアニオン交換樹脂(MonoPlus M500)による濾過(通液)を行い、さらに、0.5μmのフィルターを用いて濾過し、抽出液を得た(以下、この抽出液を「IJ−337」と称する。)。そして、その一部は真空凍結乾燥を行い粉末化した。
得られたIJ−337は、約27℃の室温において、無色透明な液体であり、わずかに魚臭様の生臭い匂いがあった。IJ−337のpHは約2.9、比重1.001であった。IJ−337を蒸留水で10倍に希釈した液は、図2に示すようにUV吸収測定波長264nmに吸収極大を示し、原液の吸光度は、A264=56.73であった(分光光度計(UV/VIS Spectrophotometer V-560; 日本分光株式会社製による)。また、IJ−337は若干ねばねばしており粘着感(粘着性)を示した。
麻酔下8日齢のICRネズミの全脳を摘出し、古川ら(Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun. 1986; 136: 57-63)の方法により処理・培養した。太田ら(Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun. 2000; 272: 18-22)の方法により、適切に処理された交会神経膠星状芽細胞(astrocytes)に、前記抽出液を5〜600μg/mlの濃度で添加し、24時間培養した後、その脳由来神経栄養性因子(BDNF;brain-derived neurotrophic factor)及び神経成長因子(NGF;nerve growth factor)量を測定した。その結果をそれぞれ図4(BNDF)及び図5(NGF)に示した。各図中において、IJ−337で処理した細胞の可溶化液(実線)及びIJ−337で処理した細胞の可溶化液の上清液(破線)の測定結果を示す。
ウイスター系ラットを用いた内因性インシュリン遊離作用が調べれられた。一昼夜(24時間)絶食されたラット(250〜300g/匹)をペントバルビタール麻酔下(0.6mg/kg)にて、Grosky and Bennetの方法(Diabetes 1960; 15: 910-13)に従い、腹部から切開により膵臓を露出した。経時的に内因性遊離インスリン測定用のサンプルを採集するため、膵臓のインスリン流出管にポリエチレン管が挿入された。IJ−337を10及び25mg/kg(p.o.)の各用量で測定開始1時間前に処置した。また、コントロールとして、膵臓の経時的なインスリン流出量を比較した。その結果を図6に示した。IJ−337前処置60分後に、内因性インスリン遊離が急増し、測定開始後25分後に最大値を示した。実験は、測定開始後25分まで行った。IJ−337を経口投与した時、1〜25mg/kgの投与範囲では、内因性インスリン遊離量はほぼ用量依存的に増加した。
次に、IJ−337の免疫増強作用について調べた。
ビーグル犬(雄;10〜11kg)2匹を実験室に一定の温度(25℃)と湿度(50〜60%R.H.)を維持し、飼育した。固形飼料を自由に摂取させ、1週間その飼育環境に適応させた後、10mg/kg経口投与し、経過観察を行った。IJ−337投与前6時間前、投与後6時間経過後及び48時間経過後にそれぞれ犬の頚静脈から採血を行い、ヘパリン処理した試験管に採取した。
Th1/Th2=CD(+)CD8(−)/CD4F−CD(+)CD(−)
IJ−337を雄性ddyマウス(28−30g)に経口投与した時、用量依存的な抗侵害作用が経時的に発現した(図11)。Substance P(SP)を後肢の足底皮下注射した後、マウスは注射された後肢で引掻く反応を示す。このSPによる誘発引掻く反応を侵害刺激指標としてIJ−337の抗侵害作用を検討した(誘発侵害刺激検定法による評価)。
SPのみの投与群(100μmol)として、参考のため群1として設けられた。群2、3と4のマウスには、それぞれ30、100と300mg/kgのIJ−337がSP注射30分前に経口投与された。各群は8匹のマウスである。SP注射後、10分毎にその引掻く回数を測定し、合計60分(10分×6回)を行った。抗侵害作用が投与20分から30分程度で現れ、最大投与量の300mg/kgで、その抗SP誘発侵害刺激の抑制率は最も著明であった。IJ−337は用量依存的に疼痛誘発物質(SP)による誘発侵害反応を抑制した(図11及び表1)。この結果、化学的な損傷などによる慢性痛及び産後・術後等の類似する損傷・炎症による急性・慢性疼痛に対して、緩和(鎮痛)作用が期待できる。
次に、IJ−337の神経障害性痛覚過敏症に対する作用を、Bennett and Xieの前記報告による方法に従って調べた。4週齢のウィスター系雄性ラットを購入し、入荷後1週間飼育した。餌と水の摂取は自由とした。5週齢になったラットの左大腿部座骨神経を吸収性縫合糸で4ケ所緩く結紮した後(術後0日とする)7日目から、経時的にその平均侵害性刺激反応を検討した。参考のため、ラット右大腿にはsham術のみが行われた。左右両側の後肢に圧刺激を加えるpaw pressureにより、侵害性刺激閾値が測定された。合計4群の実験動物群が設けられた(1群当り6匹)。群1は無処置(intact)ラットであって、生理食塩水が投与された。群2は無処置(intact)ラットであって、IJ−337が30mg/kgの投与量でi.p.投与された。群3はベネット法(上記文献参照)による神経障害性痛覚過敏性ラットであって、生理食塩水がi.p.投与された。群4はベネット法による神経障害性痛覚過敏性ラットであって、IJ−337が30mg/kgの投与量でi.p.投与された。侵害性刺激閾値の検定が、術後0、3、5、7、10、14、21及び28日目に行なわれた。IJ−337及び生理食塩水は手術した日から連続投与された。なお、検定日は検定終了後に投与を行った。
IJ−337は、ラットにおいてstreptozotocin(STZ)による糖尿病末梢神経性知覚異常に対する緩和効果も示す(図13参照)。4週齢のウィスター系雄性ラットを購入し、入荷後1週間飼育した。餌と水の摂取は自由とした。5週齢となったラットにSTZを200mg/kgの用量で単回尾静注した。STZ投与翌日から血糖値を測定し、血糖値が400mg/dl以上になったラットを糖尿病ラットとして実験に用いた。糖尿病ラットとして選択されたラットに、STZが200mg/kg投与されると共にIJ−337が30mg/kgの投与量でSTZ投与した日から腹腔内(i.p.)に投与された。STZ投与7日目にホルマリン侵害性検定法が行われた。ホルマリン侵害性検定法において、侵害性反応は2相性であり、前相(フェーズ1:0〜10分)及び後相(フェーズ2:10〜60分)疼痛反応が見られる。ホルムアルデヒド(1%)液20μlをラット左後肢の足底での皮下注射をすると、侵害性反応があればラットが足底をなめる。そこで、IJ−337の投与後、ラットが足底をなめる(licking)の秒数を5分間隔で60分まで計測した。ラットは合計4群に分けられた。群1は無処置(intact)ラット(非糖尿病ラット)であって生理食塩水が投与された群、群2は無処置ラットであってIJ−337が投与された群、群3はSTZによる糖尿病ラットであって生理食塩水が投与された群、群4はSTZによる糖尿病ラットであってIJ−337が投与された群である。その結果が図13に示されている。
ウィスター系ラットへの経口投与により、IJ−337は抗炎症・抗漬瘍性の効果を示した。
24時間絶食したウィスタ−系ラットに、潰瘍誘発物質である酸(HCl)、アルカリ(NaOH)や塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)、非ステロイド系抗炎症薬物(インドメタシン)及びアルコール(エタノール)を経口投与して、潰瘍を誘発した。ラットは16匹を1群として群分けされた。各群16匹の内、8匹には各々塩酸(0.6M)、水酸化ナトリウム(0.2M)、塩化ナトリウム(25w/v%)、インドメタシン(30mg/kg)及びエタノール(80v/v%)が1.0mlずつ経口投与された。各群の残り8匹のラットには、IJ−337がそれぞれの潰瘍誘発物質投与の30分前に経口投与された。潰瘍誘発物質8時間後、安楽死させたラットから胃全体が露出され、その潰瘍面積が測定検討した。IJ−337は、10、100及び200mg/kgの各用量で投与された。
Claims (7)
- 皮及び内蔵を除去したナマコ類の生物若しくはその内臓除去物を日光により液化させて得られた液化物を加熱する工程と、前記加熱して得られた液を脱塩処理する工程と、脱塩処理された液を活性炭処理する工程と、活性炭処理された液から脂肪類を除去する工程と、脂肪類が除去された液を陽イオン交換樹脂並びに陰イオン交換樹脂で濾過する工程とから得られた下記の性質を有する抽出物。
(1)わずかに魚臭を有するほぼ無色透明で粘性のある液体又はわずかに魚臭を有するほぼ白色の粉末であって、粉末を水に溶かした液はほぼ無色で粘性を有する
(2)液体又は粉末を水に溶かした液は波長264±10nmに吸収極大を示す
(3)液体又は粉末を水に溶かした液のpHは酸性を示す
(4)少なくとも脳神経修復作用、神経成長作用、インスリン遊離作用、免疫増強作用、侵害性疼痛抑制作用、神経性疼痛抑制作用、糖尿病性知覚異常改善作用、潰瘍抑制作用の少なくとも一つの作用を有する - 有効量の請求項1に記載の抽出物を含む神経修復剤。
- 有効量の請求項1に記載の抽出物を含む抗糖尿病剤。
- 有効量の請求項1に記載の抽出物を含む免疫増強剤。
- 有効量の請求項1に記載の抽出物を含む疼痛抑制剤。
- 有効量の請求項1に記載の抽出物を含む抗潰瘍・抗炎症剤。
- ナマコ類の生物若しくはその内臓除去物から抽出された脳神経修復作用、神経成長作用、インスリン遊離作用、免疫増強作用、侵害性疼痛抑制作用、神経性疼痛抑制作用、糖尿病性知覚異常改善作用、潰瘍抑制作用の少なくとも一つの作用を発揮する抽出物を得る方法であって、皮及び内蔵を除去したナマコを日光により液化させて得られた液化物を加熱する工程と、加熱して得られた液を脱塩処理する工程と、脱塩処理された液を活性炭処理する工程と、活性炭処理された液から脂肪類を除去する工程と、脂肪類が除去された液を陽イオン交換樹脂並びに陰イオン交換樹脂で濾過する工程とを有することを特徴とする製造方法。
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KR20210117552A (ko) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-29 | 한국해양과학기술원 | 해삼 유래 사포닌 화합물을 포함하는 신경병증의 예방, 완화 또는 치료용 조성물 |
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JPH0491027A (ja) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-03-24 | Taiho Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 抗ヒト免疫不全症ウィルス剤 |
JP2000239302A (ja) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-09-05 | Okinawa Hakko Kagaku:Kk | フコイダンの抽出方法 |
JP2004189825A (ja) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-07-08 | Biochem:Kk | コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウムの製造方法 |
JP2005060327A (ja) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-10 | Raifumin:Kk | 免疫賦活組成物 |
JP2005113106A (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-28 | Ryota Katahira | 粗コンドロイチン硫酸類の製造法 |
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JPH0491027A (ja) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-03-24 | Taiho Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 抗ヒト免疫不全症ウィルス剤 |
JP2000239302A (ja) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-09-05 | Okinawa Hakko Kagaku:Kk | フコイダンの抽出方法 |
JP2004189825A (ja) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-07-08 | Biochem:Kk | コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウムの製造方法 |
JP2005060327A (ja) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-10 | Raifumin:Kk | 免疫賦活組成物 |
JP2005113106A (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-28 | Ryota Katahira | 粗コンドロイチン硫酸類の製造法 |
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JPN6012013172; 家庭薬研究 Vol.18, 1999, p.35-40 * |
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JPWO2007026836A1 (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
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