JP5075346B2 - Absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a multi-effect absorption refrigerator including a triple-effect absorption refrigerator used for cooling operations such as cooling.

In the absorption refrigerator, when the regeneration pressure of the regenerator exceeds the atmospheric pressure, it is subject to regulation as a pressure vessel, which increases manufacturing restrictions and significantly increases manufacturing costs. Therefore, a triple effect absorption refrigerating machine is provided in which a high temperature regenerator, a medium temperature regenerator, and a low temperature regenerator are provided as regenerators, and other than the high temperature regenerators, the atmospheric pressure is not exceeded. (For example, patent document 1).
JP 2003-35465 A

  Thus, as a regenerator, when a high temperature regenerator, a medium temperature regenerator, and a low temperature regenerator are provided and each regenerator does not exceed atmospheric pressure, the high temperature regenerator is also downsized. When the volume of the gas-liquid separator provided is limited, there is a risk that the absorption liquid and refrigerant vapor will not be sufficiently separated in the gas-liquid separator. Therefore, there is a concern that the absorption liquid concentration in the evaporator is increased and the capacity is lowered, and the efficiency is lowered in the intermediate temperature regenerator subsequent to the high temperature regenerator, and the efficiency of the absorption refrigerator is decreased.

  In view of such a point, the present invention provides a triple effect absorption refrigerator provided with a high temperature regenerator, a medium temperature regenerator, and a low temperature regenerator, in which an absorption liquid is absorbed into the refrigerant vapor discharged from the gas-liquid separator in the high temperature regenerator. Even if it is in a state of being mixed, it is possible to prevent the efficiency of the absorption refrigeration machine from being lowered by preventing it from flowing into the intermediate temperature regenerator as it is.

The absorption refrigerator of the first invention is a high-temperature regenerator, a medium-temperature regenerator, and a low-temperature regenerator as a regenerator that heats the absorption liquid to evaporate and separate the refrigerant contained in the absorption liquid and regenerate the absorption liquid so that the refrigerant can be absorbed. The high-temperature regenerator includes a gas-liquid separator that separates the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the absorption liquid and the concentrated absorption liquid, and the high-temperature regenerator and the medium-temperature regenerator An external gas-liquid separator into which refrigerant vapor exiting the high-temperature regenerator flows is provided in the line between the regenerators, and the refrigerant vapor that has exited the high-temperature regenerator and absorption absorbed in the refrigerant vapor by the external gas-liquid separator. The separated refrigerant vapor flows into the refrigerant line portion of the intermediate temperature regenerator, and the separated absorption liquid is introduced into the absorption liquid line portion from the intermediate temperature regenerator to the low temperature regenerator. It is characterized by that.

In the first invention , in accordance with the downsizing of the regenerator, in the triple effect absorption refrigerating machine provided with the high temperature regenerator, the intermediate temperature regenerator, and the low temperature regenerator, the absorption liquid is mixed in the refrigerant vapor discharged from the high temperature regenerator. Even if there is an external gas-liquid separator, the refrigerant vapor and the absorption liquid that have exited the high-temperature regenerator are separated, and the separated refrigerant vapor flows into a predetermined part of the intermediate-temperature regenerator, and the separated absorption liquid is It is introduced into the absorption liquid line section from the medium temperature regenerator to the low temperature regenerator. When the separated absorption liquid is allowed to flow into the absorption liquid accumulated in the low temperature regenerator, the refrigerant vapor also flows together with the separated absorption liquid, resulting in a heat loss and a reduction in efficiency. In addition , a decrease in efficiency in the intermediate temperature regenerator and a decrease in efficiency of the absorption refrigerator are prevented.

The absorption refrigerator of the present invention is a high-temperature regenerator, a medium-temperature regenerator, and a low-temperature regenerator as regenerators that heat the absorption liquid to evaporate and separate the refrigerant contained in the absorption liquid and regenerate the absorption liquid so that the refrigerant can be absorbed. The high-temperature regenerator includes a gas-liquid separator that separates the refrigerant vapor evaporated and separated from the absorption liquid and the concentrated absorption liquid, and the high-temperature regenerator and the intermediate-temperature regenerator An external gas-liquid separator into which refrigerant vapor exiting the high-temperature regenerator flows is provided in a line between the refrigerant vapor exiting the high-temperature regenerator and the absorbing liquid mixed in the refrigerant vapor by the external gas-liquid separator. The separated refrigerant vapor flows into the refrigerant line portion of the intermediate temperature regenerator, and the separated absorption liquid is introduced into the absorption liquid line portion from the intermediate temperature regenerator to the low temperature regenerator. There is described an embodiment of the present invention are described below

  Next, an embodiment of the absorption refrigerator of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a first embodiment of an absorption refrigerator according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing one form of an external gas-liquid separator according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an external view according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other form of a gas-liquid separator.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the figure, 1 is a high temperature regenerator, 2 is a medium temperature regenerator, 3 is a low temperature regenerator, 4 is a condenser, 5 is an evaporator, 6 is an absorber, 7 is a low temperature heat exchanger, 8 is a medium temperature heat exchanger, 9 Is a high-temperature heat exchanger, 10 and 11 are absorption liquid pumps, and 12 is a refrigerant pump. Each is connected by an absorption liquid pipe indicated by a solid line and a refrigerant pipe indicated by a broken line as shown in FIG. Each of the liquid and the refrigerant is configured to be circulated. A cold water pipe 13 is passed through the evaporator 5, and a cooling water pipe 14 is passed through the absorber 6 and the condenser 4 in series.

  In such an absorption refrigerator, when the absorption liquid pumps 10 and 11 and the refrigerant pump 12 are operated and natural gas or the like is burned by a burner (not shown) attached to the high temperature regenerator 1, the high temperature regenerator 1 burns. The absorption liquid is heated by heat, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated and separated from the absorption liquid and the concentrated absorption liquid are obtained by the gas-liquid separator 1A in the high-temperature regenerator 1. In FIG. 1, the line part through which the refrigerant containing the refrigerant vapor circulates is indicated by a dotted line, and the absorption liquid line part through which the absorption liquid circulates is indicated by a solid line.

  In such an absorption refrigerator, when the absorption liquid pumps 10 and 11 and the refrigerant pump 12 are operated and natural gas or the like is burned by a burner (not shown) attached to the high temperature regenerator 1, the high temperature regenerator 1 burns. The absorption liquid is heated by heat, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated and separated from the absorption liquid and the concentrated absorption liquid are obtained.

  The high-temperature refrigerant vapor generated in the high-temperature regenerator 1 enters the intermediate-temperature regenerator 2 through the external gas-liquid separator 20, and heats the absorbing liquid 2P in the intermediate-temperature regenerator 2 to evaporate the refrigerant. The absorbing liquid 2P in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 is absorbed in the state where the refrigerant is evaporated and separated by the heating in the high temperature regenerator 1 to increase the concentration of the absorbing liquid and is cooled by heat exchange in the high temperature heat exchanger 9. This is the absorbing liquid 2P that has been supplied to and accumulated in the gas phase part 2Q of the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 through the line part 32.

  The refrigerant vapor evaporated and separated from the absorption liquid in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 enters the low temperature regenerator 3 and heats the absorption liquid 3P in the low temperature regenerator 3 to evaporate the refrigerant. That is, the refrigerant is evaporated and separated by the heating in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 to increase the concentration of the absorption liquid, and the absorption liquid in the absorption liquid line section 31 cooled by the heat exchange in the intermediate temperature heat exchanger 8 and the refrigerant in the absorber 6. The absorption liquid concentration decreases, the absorption liquid pump 10 absorbs heat in the low-temperature heat exchanger 7 by the absorption liquid pump 10, and the absorption liquid in a part of the absorption liquid line section 33 joins, and the low-temperature regenerator 3 The absorption liquid 3P supplied to the phase part 3Q and accumulated in the lower part is heated to evaporate the refrigerant.

  The refrigerant vapor evaporated and separated from the absorption liquid by heating in the low temperature regenerator 3 enters the condenser 4, dissipates heat to the cooling water flowing in the cooling water pipe 14 and condenses, and the absorption liquid is obtained in each of the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 and the low temperature regenerator 3. The heat is then condensed and enters the evaporator 5 together with the refrigerant liquid flowing in from the medium temperature regenerator 2 and the low temperature regenerator 3.

  The refrigerant liquid that has entered the evaporator 5 and accumulated at the bottom is sprayed from above by the refrigerant pump 12 and is evaporated by exchanging heat with water flowing inside the cold water pipe 13 to cool the water flowing inside the cold water pipe 13. .

  The refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator 5 enters the absorber 6, evaporates and separates the refrigerant by the heating in the low temperature regenerator 3, and the absorption liquid whose concentration of the absorption liquid is further increased, that is, from the low temperature regenerator 3 by the absorption liquid pump 11. It is cooled and supplied via the low-temperature heat exchanger 7 and absorbed by the absorbing liquid sprayed from above.

  The absorption liquid whose absorption liquid concentration has been reduced by absorbing the refrigerant in the absorber 6 is heated by exchanging heat in the low-temperature heat exchanger 7 by the operation of the absorption liquid pump 10, and then a predetermined ratio, for example, 1: 1. Branching at a ratio, one absorption liquid is returned to the high temperature regenerator 1 via the intermediate temperature heat exchanger 8 and the high temperature heat exchanger 9, and the other absorption liquid is supplied to the low temperature regenerator 3 and heated.

  When the absorption refrigerator is operated as described above, the cold water flowing through the cold water pipe 13 and entering the evaporator 5 is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant in the evaporator 5, and the cooled cold water is cooled by the cold water. Since it can be circulated and supplied to a cooling load (not shown) via the pipe 13, a cooling operation such as cooling can be performed by triple effect with excellent thermal efficiency.

  In the high-temperature regenerator 1, a part of the absorbed liquid that has been absorbed by the refrigerant and the absorbed liquid concentration is lowered and is discharged from the absorber 6 flows into the high-temperature regenerator 1 and is heated. The amount of steam is reduced as compared with the case where the entire amount of absorbing liquid discharged from the absorber 6 flows. Therefore, the pressure rise in the high temperature regenerator 1 is remarkably suppressed, and becomes about 400 kPa.

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the external gas-liquid separator 20. The external gas-liquid separator 20 is also called an eliminator, and is provided with a gas-liquid separation element 22 formed of stainless steel arranged in parallel so that a plurality of zigzag passages 22A extending in the vertical direction are juxtaposed in the horizontal direction. An inlet pipe 23 into which refrigerant vapor sent from the high-temperature regenerator 1 flows is communicated with the lower space 20A of the gas-liquid separation element 22, and an intermediate-temperature regenerator 2 is connected to the upper space 20B of the gas-liquid separation element 22. The outlet pipe 24 communicates with the refrigerant line portion 24A (the pipe in the absorbent 2P of the intermediate temperature regenerator 2). In addition, an absorbing liquid reservoir 25 is formed at the bottom of the lower space 20 </ b> A of the external gas-liquid separator 20, and an absorbing liquid outlet pipe 26 communicates with the bottom of the reservoir 25.

  The external gas-liquid separator 20 contacts the wall surface of the gas-liquid separation element 22 while the refrigerant vapor flowing in from the inlet pipe 23 passes through the zigzag passage 22A of the gas-liquid separation element 22 and is included in the refrigerant vapor. The absorbed liquid is condensed and falls into the lower space 20 </ b> A and accumulates in the storage unit 25. The refrigerant vapor from which the absorption liquid has been separated flows from the upper space 20B through the outlet pipe 24 into the refrigerant line portion 24A of the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 (the pipe in the absorption liquid 2P of the intermediate temperature regenerator 2). Moreover, the absorption liquid flowing out from the outlet pipe 26 is introduced into the subsequent absorption liquid line part.

  As one embodiment in which the absorbing liquid flowing out from the outlet pipe 26 is introduced into the subsequent absorbing liquid line section, as shown in FIG. 1, a method of introducing the absorbing liquid into the absorbing liquid line section 30 on the inlet side of the high temperature regenerator 1. There is. Since the absorption liquid line part 30 is a return line part of a dilute liquid, it is technically easy to return the absorption liquid, whereby the absorption liquid separated by the external gas-liquid separator 20 is immediately sent to the high-temperature regenerator 1. It is possible to return and have an efficient action. Further, it is not necessary to take measures against hammer noise as described later.

  The external gas-liquid separator 20 preferably flows into the respective passages in a state in which the refrigerant vapor and the absorption liquid are separated. As one means, the separated absorption liquid level in the external gas-liquid separator is predetermined. It is possible to provide a valve device 21 that opens above the upper limit level. The valve device 21 shown in FIG. 3 is a float type open / close valve 21 provided at the inlet portion of the outlet pipe 26.

  The float type open / close valve 21 includes a valve 21A that opens and closes the inlet portion of the outlet pipe 26, and a float 21B that operates in conjunction with the valve 21A. While the refrigerant vapor flowing in from the inlet pipe 23 passes upward through the zigzag passage 22A of the gas-liquid separation element 22, it contacts the wall surface of the gas-liquid separation element 22 and the absorption liquid contained in the refrigerant vapor condenses and lowers. It falls into the space 20 </ b> A and accumulates in the storage unit 25. When the level (water level) of the absorbing liquid stored in the storage unit 25 is lower than a predetermined level, the valve 21A closes the inlet part of the outlet pipe 26 by the absorption liquid pressure, and the level of the absorbing liquid stored in the storage unit 25 When the (water level) exceeds a predetermined upper limit level, the valve 21A opens the inlet portion of the outlet pipe 26 by the float 21B that rises accordingly. For this reason, the absorbing liquid accumulated in the reservoir 25 flows out from the outlet pipe 26. When the absorption liquid level accumulated in the storage unit 25 is lowered to a predetermined lower limit level due to the outflow, the float 21B is lowered accordingly, and the valve 21A closes the inlet part of the outlet pipe 26 by the absorption liquid pressure. In this way, the absorbing liquid collected in the storage unit 25 flows out from the outlet pipe 26 without containing the refrigerant vapor.

  Further, as the valve device 21, an electromagnetic valve for opening and closing the conduit of the outlet pipe 26 is provided instead of the float type open / close valve 21, and an absorption liquid level (water level) detection sensor that accumulates in the storage unit 25 is provided. Based on the (water level) detection sensor, this solenoid valve is opened when the level of the absorbing liquid (water level) exceeds a predetermined upper limit level, and this solenoid valve is closed when the absorbing liquid level falls to a predetermined lower limit level. Similar effects can be achieved by the control configuration.

  As one embodiment in which the absorption liquid flowing out from the outlet pipe 26 is introduced into the absorption liquid line section at the subsequent stage, as shown in FIG. 4, the separated absorption liquid is supplied to the gas phase section 3Q or the low temperature regenerator 3. There is a method of introducing the absorption liquid line portion 31 from the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 to the low temperature regenerator 3. When the separated absorption liquid is caused to flow into the absorption liquid 3P accumulated in the low temperature regenerator 3, when the refrigerant vapor also flows together with the separated absorption liquid, a heat loss occurs and the efficiency decreases. However, this is not possible and an excellent effect can be achieved. In addition, when the refrigerant vapor flows into the absorption liquid 3P accumulated in the low temperature regenerator 3 together with the separated absorption liquid, a hammer sound (abnormal sound such as a bumpy sound) is generated due to the condensation of the refrigerant vapor. However, the method of the second embodiment does not have this. In this case, the external gas-liquid separator 20 may have either the form shown in FIG. 2 or the form shown in FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the equivalent part in FIG.

  As one embodiment in which the absorbing liquid flowing out from the outlet pipe 26 is introduced into the subsequent absorbing liquid line section, as shown in FIG. 5, the separated absorbing liquid is transferred from the high temperature regenerator 1 to the intermediate temperature regenerator 2. There is a method of introducing into the absorption liquid line portion 32. When some refrigerant vapor flows together with the separated absorption liquid, heat loss occurs and efficiency is lowered. However, the present invention does not have this, and an excellent effect can be achieved. When the refrigerant vapor together with the separated absorption liquid flows into the absorption liquid 2P accumulated in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2, a hammer sound (abnormal sound such as a bumpy sound) is generated due to the condensation of the refrigerant vapor. However, in the method of the third embodiment, the separated absorption liquid is introduced into the gas phase portion 2Q of the intermediate temperature regenerator 2, and therefore, this is not present. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the equivalent part in FIG.

  As one embodiment in which the absorption liquid flowing out from the outlet pipe 26 is introduced into the absorption liquid line section in the subsequent stage, as shown in FIG. 6, the separated absorption liquid in the external gas-liquid separator 20 exceeds a predetermined level. There is a method of introducing into the absorbing liquid 2P in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2 through the valve 21 opened at. The external gas-liquid separator 20 in this case is provided with an open / close valve 21 as shown in FIG. As a result, the absorbing liquid not mixed with the refrigerant vapor flows into the absorbing liquid 2P accumulated in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2, and similarly to the above, the heat generated when some refrigerant vapor flows with the separated absorbing liquid. There is no concern about efficiency reduction due to loss, and an excellent effect can be achieved. Further, there is no concern about the hammer sound as described above. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the equivalent part in FIG.

  As one embodiment in which the absorption liquid flowing out from the outlet pipe 26 is introduced into the subsequent absorption liquid line section, as shown in FIG. 6, the separated absorption liquid passes through a multistage orifice or capillary tube 28 and is regenerated at a medium temperature. There is a method of introducing into the absorbing liquid 2P in the vessel 2. The external gas-liquid separator 20 in this case can be applied even if it does not include the on-off valve 21 as shown in FIG. As a result, even if the refrigerant vapor is slightly mixed in the absorption liquid stored in the storage section 25, the flow of the refrigerant vapor that has expanded in volume is restricted by this multistage orifice or capillary tube 28, but the absorption liquid is smooth. Therefore, the absorption liquid with little refrigerant vapor mixing flows into the absorption liquid 2P accumulated in the intermediate temperature regenerator 2, and the efficiency decreases due to heat loss when the refrigerant vapor flows together with the separated absorption liquid. And the intended purpose can be achieved. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the equivalent part in FIG.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the piping diagram of the absorption chiller can be applied to any of the forms shown in Patent Document 1 described in the prior art, and deviates from the technical scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the present invention can be applied to various forms.

It is explanatory drawing of 1st Embodiment of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention. Example 1 It is explanatory drawing which shows one form of the external gas-liquid separator which concerns on this invention. Example 1 It is explanatory drawing which shows the other form of the external gas-liquid separator which concerns on this invention. Example 1 It is explanatory drawing of other embodiment of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention. (Example 2) It is explanatory drawing of other embodiment of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention. (Example 3) It is explanatory drawing of other embodiment of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention. (Example 4) and (Example 5)

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High temperature regenerator 2 Medium temperature regenerator 2P Absorption liquid 2Q Gas phase part 3 Low temperature regenerator 3P Absorption liquid 3Q Gas phase part 4 Condenser 5 Evaporator 6 Absorber 7 Low temperature heat exchanger 8 Medium temperature heat exchanger 9 High temperature heat exchanger DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 11 Absorption liquid pump 12 Refrigerant pump 13 Cold water pipe 14 Cooling water pipe 20 External gas-liquid separator 21 On-off valve 22 Gas-liquid separation element 23 Inlet pipe 24 Outlet pipe 25 Absorbing liquid storage part 26 Outlet pipe 28 Multistage orifice or capillary tube 30 Absorption liquid line part 31 Absorption liquid line part 32 Absorption liquid line part 33 Absorption liquid line part

Claims (1)

  In an absorption refrigerator equipped with a high-temperature regenerator, a medium-temperature regenerator, and a low-temperature regenerator as a regenerator that regenerates the absorbent so that the refrigerant can be absorbed by evaporating and separating the refrigerant contained in the absorbent and absorbing the refrigerant. The high-temperature regenerator has a built-in gas-liquid separator that separates the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the absorption liquid and the concentrated absorption liquid, and the high-temperature regenerator is in a line between the high-temperature regenerator and the intermediate-temperature regenerator. An external gas-liquid separator into which the refrigerant vapor exiting the reactor flows is provided, and the external gas-liquid separator separates the refrigerant vapor exiting the high-temperature regenerator and the absorbing liquid mixed in the refrigerant vapor, and separated. The refrigerant vapor flows into the refrigerant line portion of the intermediate temperature regenerator, and the separated absorption liquid is introduced into the absorption liquid line portion from the intermediate temperature regenerator to the low temperature regenerator. .

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