JP5047117B2 - Lighting system for plant disease control - Google Patents

Lighting system for plant disease control Download PDF

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JP5047117B2
JP5047117B2 JP2008269896A JP2008269896A JP5047117B2 JP 5047117 B2 JP5047117 B2 JP 5047117B2 JP 2008269896 A JP2008269896 A JP 2008269896A JP 2008269896 A JP2008269896 A JP 2008269896A JP 5047117 B2 JP5047117 B2 JP 5047117B2
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light source
visible light
plant
ultraviolet light
lighting
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JP2010094109A (en
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正紀 石渡
真 山田
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2008269896A priority Critical patent/JP5047117B2/en
Priority to TW098134937A priority patent/TWI424809B/en
Priority to PCT/JP2009/067895 priority patent/WO2010047277A1/en
Priority to US13/063,341 priority patent/US8338801B2/en
Priority to CN2009801417194A priority patent/CN102186332B/en
Priority to EP09821974.4A priority patent/EP2338326B1/en
Publication of JP2010094109A publication Critical patent/JP2010094109A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/16—Controlling the light source by timing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

A lighting system for preventing a plant disease damage (1) is provided with an ultraviolet light source (8) which emits ultraviolet ray including UV-B in a wavelength region of 255 to 340 nm, a visible light source (9) which emits visible light, and controllers (4, 5) which control a lighting of the ultraviolet light source (8) and the visible light source (9). The controller (4) controls the lighting of the ultraviolet light source (8) so that a horizontal irradiance on a canopy surface of a plant is 50 µW/cm 2 or less during a predetermined daytime period. The controller (5) controls the lighting of the visible light source (9) so that a horizontal illuminance on a canopy surface of a plant is 10 lux or less during a predetermined nighttime period. The lighting system (1) promotes a component change of the plant effectively by a stimulation by the UV-B irradiation and the prolonged irradiation time of the visible light which is associated with a vegetative growth, so that a nutritional component of the plant can stably be increased. Moreover, the lighting of the ultraviolet light source (8) and the visible light source (9) is controlled by the controllers (4, 5), thus a user effort is reduced and efficiency is achieved.

Description

本発明は、農作物などの植物病害を防除するための植物病害防除用照明システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a plant disease control lighting system for controlling plant diseases such as agricultural crops.

従来から、外光及び外気を遮断した空間内に植物苗を配置し、植物苗に対して適切な温湿度環境及び光環境を提供する植物苗生産システムや、農業用のビニールハウス若しくはガラスハウス等の施設栽培、又は露地栽培などにおいて、培地上に発生する藻やカビの発生を抑えるためにＢ領域紫外線（ＵＶ−Ｂ）を植物苗に照射させる植物育成用照明装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Conventionally, a plant seedling production system that arranges plant seedlings in a space that blocks outside light and outside air and provides an appropriate temperature and humidity environment and light environment for plant seedlings, an agricultural vinyl house or glass house, etc. There is known a plant-growing lighting device that irradiates plant seedlings with B-region ultraviolet rays (UV-B) in order to suppress the generation of algae and fungi that are generated on the culture medium, for example, in greenhouse cultivation or outdoor cultivation (for example, , See Patent Document 1).

植物へのＵＶ−Ｂの紫外線照射は、植物病害防除に効果があり、かつ、植物の糖度や色味を増加させる副次的な効果があることが知られている。しかしながら、植物の成分変化は不安定となっていた。
特開２００５−３２８７３４号公報 It is known that UV-B irradiation to plants is effective for controlling plant diseases and has secondary effects of increasing the sugar content and color of plants. However, changes in plant components have become unstable.
JP 2005-328734 A

本発明は、上記問題を解決するためになされたものであり、植物の成分変化を効率的に行わせることで、植物の栄養成分を安定的に増加させる植物病害防除用照明システムを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a plant disease control lighting system that stably increases plant nutrients by efficiently changing plant components. With the goal.

上記目的を達成するために請求項１の発明は、２５５〜３４０ｎｍの波長域のＵＶ−Ｂを含む紫外線を照射する紫外線光源と、可視光を照射する可視光光源と、を備える植物病害防除用照明システムにおいて、前記紫外線光源への電力供給又は遮断を所定の周期で制御する第１のタイマと、前記可視光光源への電力供給又は遮断を所定の周期で制御する第２のタイマと、を備え、前記紫外線光源は、前記第１のタイマを用いて予め定められた昼間帯に、植物の草冠面での水平面放射照度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２以下となるように点灯させ、前記可視光光源は、前記第２のタイマを用いて予め定められた夜間帯に、植物の草冠面での水平面照度が１０ルクス以下となるように点灯させるものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is for plant disease control comprising: an ultraviolet light source that irradiates ultraviolet light containing UV-B in a wavelength range of 255 to 340 nm; and a visible light source that irradiates visible light. In the illumination system, a first timer that controls power supply to or cutoff of the ultraviolet light source at a predetermined cycle, and a second timer that controls power supply to or cutoff of the visible light source at a predetermined cycle, The ultraviolet light source is turned on so that the horizontal irradiance on the grass crown surface of the plant is 50 μW / cm 2 or less in a daytime zone determined in advance using the first timer, and the visible light source is The second timer is used to turn on the light so that the illuminance in the horizontal plane on the grass crown surface of the plant is 10 lux or less in the nighttime zone determined in advance using the second timer .

請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の植物病害防除用照明システムにおいて、前記可視光光源から照射される可視光は、５００〜６００ｎｍの波長域の可視光を含むものである。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the lighting system for controlling plant diseases according to the first aspect, the visible light irradiated from the visible light source includes visible light in a wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm.

請求項３の発明は、請求項１に記載の植物病害防除用照明システムにおいて、前記可視光光源から照射される可視光は、６００〜７００ｎｍの波長域の可視光を含むものである。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the plant disease control lighting system according to the first aspect, the visible light emitted from the visible light source includes visible light in a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm.

請求項４の発明は、請求項１に記載の植物病害防除用照明システムにおいて、前記可視光光源から照射される可視光は、４００〜５００ｎｍの波長域の可視光を含むものである。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the plant disease control lighting system according to the first aspect, the visible light emitted from the visible light source includes visible light in a wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm.

請求項５の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか一項に記載の植物病害防除用照明システムにおいて、前記紫外線光源は、前記可視光光源が設けられる筐体とは別体の筐体に設けられるものである。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the plant disease control lighting system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the ultraviolet light source is a separate housing from the housing in which the visible light source is provided. It is provided on the body.

請求項１の発明によれば、ＵＶ−Ｂの照射による刺激と、栄養成長に係る可視光の照射時間の延長とによって、植物の成分変化が効率的に行われるので、植物の栄養成分を安定的に増加させることができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, plant component change is efficiently performed by stimulation by irradiation with UV-B and extension of irradiation time of visible light related to vegetative growth. Can be increased.

請求項２の発明によれば、光合成が効率化されるので植物の栄養素を効率的に増加させることができ、かつ、植物の栄養生長のみを集中的に促進することができる。   According to the invention of claim 2, since photosynthesis is made efficient, plant nutrients can be increased efficiently, and only plant vegetative growth can be intensively promoted.

請求項３の発明によれば、光合成が効率化されるので植物の栄養素を効率的に増加させることができ、かつ、植物の生殖生長を促進させて収穫時期を早めることができる。   According to invention of Claim 3, since photosynthesis is made efficient, a plant's nutrient can be increased efficiently and the reproductive growth of a plant can be promoted and a harvest time can be advanced.

請求項４の発明によれば、光合成が効率化されるので植物の栄養素を効率的に増加させることができ、かつ、植物の草丈生長を抑制すると共に葉の厚さを厚く形成することができる。   According to the invention of claim 4, since photosynthesis is made efficient, plant nutrients can be increased efficiently, and plant height growth can be suppressed and leaf thickness can be increased. .

請求項５の発明によれば、紫外線光源を既存の照明器具と組み合わせることができるので、製造コストを抑制することができる。   According to the invention of claim 5, since the ultraviolet light source can be combined with the existing lighting fixture, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.

本発明の一実施形態に係る植物病害防除用照明システム（以下、照明システムという）について図１乃至図３を参照して説明する。図１は、本実施形態の照明システム１が設置された農業用温室２の構成を示す。照明システム１は、紫外線や可視光を照射させる光源部３と、光源部３を点灯制御するためのタイマ４、５とを備える。光源部３は、農業用温室２の梁６の下側に梁６と平行に設置され、畝７に向かって紫外線や可視光を照射する。   A plant disease control lighting system (hereinafter referred to as a lighting system) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an agricultural greenhouse 2 in which the lighting system 1 of the present embodiment is installed. The illumination system 1 includes a light source unit 3 that irradiates ultraviolet light and visible light, and timers 4 and 5 for controlling lighting of the light source unit 3. The light source unit 3 is installed below the beam 6 of the agricultural greenhouse 2 in parallel with the beam 6 and irradiates ultraviolet rays or visible light toward the ridge 7.

図２は本実施形態の照明システム１の概略構成を示す。光源部３は、紫外線を照射する紫外線光源８と、可視光を照射する可視光光源９と、紫外線光源８及び可視光光源９を安定的に点灯させるための安定器１０、１１と、点灯スタータと、電源回路（図示せず）と、紫外線光源８等を収納する筐体１２とを有する。紫外線光源８は、可視光光源９が収納される筐体１２と別体の筐体に収納されてもよい。別体の筐体に収納された紫外線光源８は、可視光光源９が収納された既存の照明器具と組み合わせることができるので、製造コストを抑制することができる。   FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the illumination system 1 of the present embodiment. The light source unit 3 includes an ultraviolet light source 8 that emits ultraviolet light, a visible light source 9 that emits visible light, ballasts 10 and 11 for stably lighting the ultraviolet light source 8 and the visible light source 9, and a lighting starter. And a power supply circuit (not shown) and a housing 12 for housing the ultraviolet light source 8 and the like. The ultraviolet light source 8 may be housed in a housing separate from the housing 12 in which the visible light source 9 is housed. Since the ultraviolet light source 8 housed in a separate housing can be combined with an existing lighting fixture in which the visible light source 9 is housed, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

タイマ４は、予め定められた昼間帯に紫外線光源８を点灯させるために、紫外線光源８への電力の供給又は遮断を２４時間周期で制御する。タイマ４による紫外線光源８の点灯制御は、手動による紫外線光源８の点灯制御に比べて、ユーザの手間が省けて効率的である。   The timer 4 controls supply or interruption of power to the ultraviolet light source 8 in a cycle of 24 hours in order to turn on the ultraviolet light source 8 in a predetermined daytime period. The lighting control of the ultraviolet light source 8 by the timer 4 is more efficient than the manual lighting control of the ultraviolet light source 8 with less time and effort for the user.

タイマ５は、予め定められた夜間帯に可視光光源９を点灯させるために、可視光光源９への電力の供給又は遮断を２４時間周期で制御する。タイマ５による可視光光源９の点灯制御は、手動による可視光光源９の点灯制御に比べて、ユーザの手間が省けるので効率的である。   The timer 5 controls the supply or cut-off of power to the visible light source 9 in a cycle of 24 hours in order to turn on the visible light source 9 in a predetermined nighttime zone. The lighting control of the visible light source 9 by the timer 5 is more efficient than the manual lighting control of the visible light source 9 because the user can save time and effort.

また、タイマ５は、予め各地域の年間における日没時間及び日の出時間に関するデータが記憶され、この記憶されたデータに基いて可視光光源９の点灯制御を行うことが望ましい。タイマ５に上記データが記憶された場合、可視光光源９は、タイマ５に記憶された各日の日没後から日の出までの間、可視光を照射させる。そのため、タイマ５の調整を毎日行う必要がないので、ユーザの手間が省けて効率的である。   Further, it is desirable that the timer 5 stores in advance data regarding sunset time and sunrise time in each region in advance, and performs lighting control of the visible light source 9 based on the stored data. When the above data is stored in the timer 5, the visible light source 9 irradiates visible light from sunset to sunrise of each day stored in the timer 5. Therefore, it is not necessary to adjust the timer 5 every day.

紫外線光源８は、２５５〜３４０ｎｍの波長域のＵＶ−Ｂを含む紫外線を照射させる。また、紫外線光源８は、例えば、蛍光灯、コンパクト蛍光灯、冷陰極蛍光灯、キセノンランプ、高輝度放電灯、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）、有機ＥＬ等を用いることができる。   The ultraviolet light source 8 irradiates ultraviolet rays including UV-B in a wavelength range of 255 to 340 nm. Further, as the ultraviolet light source 8, for example, a fluorescent lamp, a compact fluorescent lamp, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a xenon lamp, a high-intensity discharge lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), an organic EL, or the like can be used.

可視光光源９は、３８０〜７８０ｎｍの波長域の光を含む可視光を照射させる。また、可視光光源９は、紫外線光源８と同様に、例えば、蛍光灯、コンパクト蛍光灯、冷陰極蛍光灯、キセノンランプ、高輝度放電灯、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）、有機ＥＬ等を用いることができる。   The visible light source 9 emits visible light including light in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. As the ultraviolet light source 8, the visible light source 9 is, for example, a fluorescent lamp, a compact fluorescent lamp, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a xenon lamp, a high-intensity discharge lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), or an organic EL. it can.

可視光光源９から照射される可視光が、５００〜６００ｎｍの波長域における緑色の可視光を含むとき、植物は、光合成が効率化されるので栄養素を効率的に増加させ、かつ、栄養生長のみを集中的に促進する。   When the visible light emitted from the visible light source 9 includes green visible light in a wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm, the plant efficiently increases nutrients because photosynthesis is efficient, and only vegetative growth occurs. Promote intensively.

可視光光源９から照射される可視光が、６００〜７００ｎｍの波長域における赤色の可視光を含むとき、植物は、光合成が効率化されるので栄養素を効率的に増加させ、かつ、花芽形成といった生殖生長を促進する。生殖生長の促進は、意図的に収穫時期を早めるのに有効である。また、６００〜７００ｎｍの波長域における可視光は、３８０〜７８０ｎｍの波長域の光の中で最も植物の光合成を効率化する。   When the visible light emitted from the visible light source 9 includes red visible light in a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm, the plant efficiently increases nutrients because photosynthesis is efficient, and flower bud formation, etc. Promotes reproductive growth. Promoting reproductive growth is effective to intentionally advance the harvest time. Visible light in the wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm most efficiently improves plant photosynthesis among light in the wavelength region of 380 to 780 nm.

可視光光源９から照射される可視光が、４００〜５００ｎｍの波長域における青色の可視光を含むとき、植物は、光合成が効率化されるので栄養素を効率的に増加させ、かつ、草丈生長を抑制すると共に葉の厚さを厚く形成する。植物の光感受性が高まる夜間帯に可視光光源９を点灯させるため、可視光の水平面照度が１０ルクス以下の低照度であっても植物の草丈は抑えられる。ハウス栽培において空間の利用効率を高めるために、上下２段又はそれ以上の多段式栽培ベンチを使って、もともと背丈の低いタイプの植物を栽培するか、又は意図的に背丈を低くさせた植物を栽培する。後者の意図的に背丈を低くさせた植物を栽培する場合に、草丈生長の抑制は有効である。   When the visible light emitted from the visible light source 9 includes blue visible light in the wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm, the plant efficiently increases nutrients and increases plant height growth because photosynthesis is efficient. Inhibits and leaves thicker. Since the visible light source 9 is turned on at nighttime when the light sensitivity of the plant increases, the plant height of the plant can be suppressed even when the horizontal illuminance of visible light is 10 lux or less. In order to increase the space utilization efficiency in house cultivation, a plant with a low height is originally cultivated using two or more multi-stage cultivation benches, or a plant whose height is intentionally lowered is used. Cultivate. Control of plant height growth is effective when cultivating the latter plant whose height is intentionally lowered.

図３は、照明システム１の電気的構成を示す。照明システム１は、点灯電力を供給するための電源１３と、タイマ４と、安定器１０と、紫外線光源８とが順に接続され、また、電源１３と、タイマ５と、安定器１１と、可視光光源９とが順に接続される。紫外線光源８は、電源１３から電力が供給され、タイマ４によって点灯制御され、安定器１０によって電力が規定値に制限されることで、安定して所定の時間にＵＶ−Ｂを含む紫外線を照射する。可視光光源９は、紫外線光源８と同様に、電源１３から電力が供給され、タイマ５によって点灯制御され、安定器１１によって電力が規定値に制限されることで、安定して所定の時間に可視光を照射する。   FIG. 3 shows an electrical configuration of the lighting system 1. In the illumination system 1, a power source 13 for supplying lighting power, a timer 4, a ballast 10, and an ultraviolet light source 8 are sequentially connected, and the power source 13, the timer 5, a ballast 11, and a visible light source are connected. The light source 9 is connected in order. The ultraviolet light source 8 is supplied with electric power from the power supply 13, is controlled to be turned on by the timer 4, and the ballast 10 limits the electric power to a specified value, thereby stably irradiating ultraviolet rays including UV-B at a predetermined time. To do. As with the ultraviolet light source 8, the visible light source 9 is supplied with power from the power source 13, is controlled to be turned on by the timer 5, and the power is limited to a specified value by the ballast 11, so that the light source 9 can be stably supplied at a predetermined time. Irradiate visible light.

照明システム１が対象とする植物は、一般的に農家が栽培している農作物全てである。具体的には、トマト、ナス、キュウリ、シシトウ、ピーマン、メロン、スイカ、イチゴ等の果菜類、レタス、キャベツ、ハクサイ、チンゲンサイ、ホウレンソウ、コマツナ、シソ等の葉栽類、ゴボウ、ダイコン、ニンジン等の根菜類、大豆、エダマメ、ソラマメ、エンドウ等の豆類、キク、バラ、トルコギキョウ、カーネーション、ケイトウ等の花き類、その他として稲や茶などを挙げられる。   The plants targeted by the lighting system 1 are all crops that are generally cultivated by farmers. Specifically, fruit vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, cucumber, shiitake, pepper, melon, watermelon, strawberry, etc. Root vegetables, beans such as soybeans, green beans, broad beans, peas, flowers such as chrysanthemum, roses, eustoma, carnations, and peanuts, and other examples include rice and tea.

それぞれの植物は、露地栽培、ビニールハウス栽培、ガラス温室栽培のいずれで栽培されてもよい。また、植物を栽培するための培地は、露地畑によく見られるような形状の畝、金属や木材で作られた栽培ベンチ上に盛られる土で形成された畝、栽培ベンチ上に置かれた鉢やプランタ等が挙げられる。   Each plant may be cultivated by outdoor cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, or glass greenhouse cultivation. In addition, the culture medium for cultivating plants was placed on the cultivation bench, the straw that was formed on the cultivation bench made of metal or wood, the shape of the straw that is often found in the open field Examples include pots and planters.

ここで、紫外線照射による植物病害防除の原理について説明する。ＵＶ−Ｂを植物に照
射させることにより、以下のような２種類の原理に基いて病害防除がなされる。 Here, the principle of plant disease control by ultraviolet irradiation will be described. By irradiating plants with UV-B, disease control is performed based on the following two types of principles.

植物病害防除の原理の一つは、植物自身を病気にかかり難くすることである。通常植物は、病気の基となる菌に感染すると、それに対する防御反応として、病原菌に対する誘導抵抗発現、いわゆる植物免疫システムが発動する。このシステムは、植物の一部の組織が、病原菌などによる感染など外的要因（ストレス）を受けた場合、その感染部位からシグナル物質が放出され、それが植物体内を通ってまだ感染を受けていない部位に到達し、そこで抵抗性発現に関与する遺伝子の発現を誘導するというものである。この抵抗性に関与する物質としては、病原菌の細胞壁を溶解する酵素でグルカナーゼ及びキチナーゼ等の抵抗活性を有するＰＲ−タンパク質（Pathogenesis-Related Protein）、病原菌に対して毒性を示すファイトアレキシン（抗菌活性物質や摂食忌避活性物質）等がある。本発明の場合は、外的要因（ストレス）として、光刺激であるＵＶ−Ｂを含む紫外線を植物に照射させ、病害抵抗性に関与する遺伝子の発現を誘発させるものである。   One of the principles of plant disease control is to make plants difficult to get sick. Normally, when a plant is infected with a disease-causing bacterium, an induced resistance expression against a pathogenic bacterium, a so-called plant immune system, is activated as a defense reaction against the disease. In this system, when some tissue of a plant is subjected to external factors (stress) such as infection by pathogenic bacteria, a signal substance is released from the infected site, and it is still infected through the plant body. It reaches a nonexistent site and induces the expression of genes involved in resistance expression. Substances involved in this resistance include PR-proteins (Pathogenesis-Related Proteins), which are enzymes that dissolve the cell walls of pathogenic bacteria and have resistance activities such as glucanase and chitinase, and phytoalexins that exhibit toxicity against pathogenic bacteria (antibacterial activity) Substances and food repellent active substances). In the case of the present invention, as an external factor (stress), a plant is irradiated with ultraviolet rays including UV-B, which is a light stimulus, to induce expression of a gene involved in disease resistance.

植物病害防除のもう一つの原理は、植物病害の基となる糸状菌に直接作用して菌糸の生長を抑制させて病気が広がらないようにすることである。糸状菌は、例えば、うどんこ病菌、灰色カビ病菌、炭そ病菌、ベト病菌、ススカビ病菌などである。特許文献１には、葉焼けの防止のためにＵＶ−Ｂ放射照度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２以下である紫外線を植物に照射させて、カビの発生を抑制することが記載されている。また、本発明者による室内実験において、寒天培地に接種した灰色カビ病菌や炭そ病菌に、５〜５０μＷ／ｃｍ２のＵＶ−Ｂを照射することによって、その後の菌糸の生長が抑えられること（恒温庫で１週間培養しても菌のコロニーの大きさに変化なし）が確認されている。 Another principle of plant disease control is to act directly on the filamentous fungi that are the basis of plant diseases to suppress mycelial growth and prevent the disease from spreading. The filamentous fungi are, for example, powdery mildew fungus, gray fungus fungus, anthracnose fungus, downy mildew fungus, Suscabie fungus and the like. Patent Document 1 describes that the generation of mold is suppressed by irradiating a plant with ultraviolet rays having a UV-B irradiance of 50 μW / cm 2 or less in order to prevent leaf burning. Further, in laboratory experiments by the present inventor, the growth of subsequent mycelia can be suppressed by irradiating 5 to 50 μW / cm 2 of UV-B to gray mold or anthracnose fungi inoculated on the agar medium ( It has been confirmed that there is no change in the size of the bacterial colonies even if the cells are cultured for 1 week in a thermostatic chamber.

上記のように構成された照明システム１の動作手順を説明する。   An operation procedure of the illumination system 1 configured as described above will be described.

手順１：農業用温室２といった植物を栽培させる空間において、光源部３は植物体の上部又は側部に設置させる。その際には、光源部３は、植物体の一番上にある生長点（新しい葉や芽が出る場所）付近の高さにおける仮想面である草冠面でのＵＶ−Ｂの水平面放射照度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２以下となり、かつ、草冠面での可視光の水平面照度が１０ルクス以下となる位置に設置させる。ＵＶ−Ｂの水平面放射照度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２以下の位置に光源部３を設置させるのは、ＵＶ−Ｂの水平面放射照度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２を超えると、植物が葉焼け症状を起こす危険性が極端に高まるからである。なお、ＵＶ−Ｂの水平面放射照度、及び可視光の水平面照度の測定は、測定器の受光部が真上に向けられた状態、かつ、植物の草冠面に測定器を設置させた状態で行われる。 Procedure 1: In a space where plants are cultivated, such as the greenhouse 2 for agriculture, the light source unit 3 is installed on the top or side of the plant body. In that case, the light source unit 3 has a horizontal plane irradiance of UV-B at the crown surface which is a virtual surface at a height near the growth point (a place where new leaves and buds appear) at the top of the plant body. It is installed at a position where it becomes 50 μW / cm 2 or less and the horizontal illuminance of visible light on the grass crown surface becomes 10 lux or less. The reason why the light source unit 3 is installed at a position where the horizontal plane irradiance of UV-B is 50 μW / cm 2 or less is that there is a risk that the plant may cause a burnt symptom if the horizontal plane irradiance of UV-B exceeds 50 μW / cm 2 . This is because of extremely high. The measurement of the UV-B horizontal plane irradiance and the visible horizontal plane illuminance is performed in a state where the light receiving part of the measuring device is directed right above and in a state where the measuring device is installed on the grass crown surface of the plant. Is called.

具体的には、光源部３は、例えば、農業用温室２の畝７の畝面から約２ｍの高さにある梁６の下側に、梁６と平行に設置される。また、光源部３の紫外線光源８及び可視光光源９は、例えば、蛍光灯タイプの２０Ｗ器具が用いられる。光源部３を複数設けたとき、各光源部３の出力の違いにより、同一高さでＵＶ−Ｂが所定の水平面放射照度とならない場合、又は同一高さで可視光が所定の水平面照度とならない場合、水平面放射照度や水平面照度の調整は、調光装置や減光フィルタ等を用いて行われる。   Specifically, the light source unit 3 is installed in parallel to the beam 6 below the beam 6 at a height of about 2 m from the surface of the basket 7 of the agricultural greenhouse 2, for example. The ultraviolet light source 8 and the visible light source 9 of the light source unit 3 are, for example, fluorescent lamp type 20 W instruments. When a plurality of light source units 3 are provided, the UV-B does not have a predetermined horizontal plane irradiance at the same height or the visible light does not have a predetermined horizontal plane illuminance at the same height due to the difference in output of each light source unit 3. In this case, the adjustment of the horizontal plane irradiance and the horizontal plane illuminance is performed using a light control device, a dark filter, or the like.

手順２：畝７や栽培ベンチ上にある植物の草冠面における紫外線の照射時間は、１日当りの積算紫外線強度が１０ｋ／Ｊｍ２よりも多くなると植物が葉焼け症状を起こす危険性が極端に高まる。そのため、タイマ４は、１日当りの積算紫外線強度が１０ｋ／Ｊｍ２以下となるように設定される。具体的には、タイマ４は、例えば、紫外線光源８を朝９時頃から点灯させ、夕方３時頃に消灯させるように設定される。タイマ５は、例えば、可視光光源９を日没後から点灯させ、日の出に消灯させるように設定される。 Procedure 2: The irradiation time of ultraviolet rays on the canopy surface of plants on the cocoons 7 and the cultivation bench is extremely increased in the risk of causing leaf burns when the accumulated ultraviolet intensity per day exceeds 10 k / Jm 2. . Therefore, the timer 4 is set so that the integrated ultraviolet intensity per day is 10 k / Jm 2 or less. Specifically, the timer 4 is set, for example, so that the ultraviolet light source 8 is turned on around 9 am and is turned off around 3 pm. For example, the timer 5 is set so that the visible light source 9 is turned on after sunset and is turned off at sunrise.

手順３：紫外線光源８は、タイマ４の制御によって朝９時頃から点灯し、夕方３時頃に消灯する。紫外線光源８の消灯後は、紫外線光源８及び可視光光源９が消灯した状態が日没まで継続する。   Procedure 3: The ultraviolet light source 8 is turned on from about 9:00 in the morning under the control of the timer 4 and is turned off at about 3:00 in the evening. After the ultraviolet light source 8 is turned off, the state in which the ultraviolet light source 8 and the visible light source 9 are turned off continues until sunset.

手順４：可視光光源９は、タイマ５の制御によって日没後に点灯し、翌日の日の出に消灯する。可視光光源９の消灯後は、紫外線光源８及び可視光光源９が消灯した状態が朝９時頃まで継続する。   Procedure 4: The visible light source 9 is turned on after sunset under the control of the timer 5 and turned off at the next day's sunrise. After the visible light source 9 is turned off, the state where the ultraviolet light source 8 and the visible light source 9 are turned off continues until about 9:00 in the morning.

手順５：朝９時以降は、手順３、手順４を繰り返す。   Step 5: Repeat Step 3 and Step 4 after 9am.

照明システム１は、昼間帯のＵＶ−Ｂの照射による刺激と、夜間帯の栄養成長に係る可視光の照射時間の延長とによって、植物の成分変化が効率的に行われるので、植物の栄養成分を安定的に増加させる。   Since the lighting system 1 efficiently changes plant components by stimulating by UV-B irradiation in the daytime period and extending the irradiation time of visible light related to vegetative growth in the nighttime period, the nutritional components of the plant Increase steadily.

日没後の可視光光源９の点灯は、省エネルギの観点から、夜間に連続で行わない場合が考えられる。具体的には、可視光光源９は、例えば、一定時間点灯させた後に一定時間消灯させるのを繰り返すことや、夜中に数時間程度まとめて消灯させたりすること等が挙げられる。一般的に植物は暗闇の時間の連続性によって夜を判断している。そのため、夜間における短時間の消灯が植物の日長反応に与える影響は比較的小さい。また、夜間における点灯は、短時間であっても日長時間を延ばす効果があるため、日長時間が短くなると花を付ける短日植物の栽培よりも、日長時間が長くなると花を付ける長日植物の栽培に有利である。   The lighting of the visible light source 9 after sunset may not be performed continuously at night from the viewpoint of energy saving. Specifically, for example, the visible light source 9 may be repeatedly turned on for a certain period of time and then turned off for a certain period of time, or may be turned off collectively for several hours during the night. Plants generally judge the night by the continuity of dark time. For this reason, the effect of a short turn-off at night on the photoperiod response of plants is relatively small. In addition, lighting at night has the effect of prolonging the day length even for a short time. It is advantageous for growing Japanese plants.

なお、本発明は、上記の実施形態の構成に限られず、発明の要旨を変更しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。例えば、ＵＶ−Ｂが人体に害を与える虞があるため、人感センサスイッチを用いて、作業者がいないときにのみＵＶ−Ｂを含む紫外線光源を点灯させることで、農業用温室内の作業者の安全確保を図っても構わない。   In addition, this invention is not restricted to the structure of said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the range which does not change the summary of invention. For example, since UV-B may cause harm to the human body, work in an agricultural greenhouse is performed by turning on an ultraviolet light source including UV-B only when there is no worker using a human sensor switch. It is also possible to ensure the safety of the person.

本発明の一実施形態に係る植物病害防除用照明システムが設置された農業用温室の外観図。The external view of the greenhouse for agriculture in which the lighting system for plant disease control which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention was installed. 同照明システムの外観図。The external view of the illumination system. 同照明システムの電気的構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the electric constitution of the illumination system.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 植物病害防除用照明システム（照明システム）
８ 紫外線光源
９ 可視光光源
１１ 筐体 1 Plant disease control lighting system (lighting system)
8 Ultraviolet light source 9 Visible light source 11 Case

Claims (5)

２５５〜３４０ｎｍの波長域のＵＶ−Ｂを含む紫外線を照射する紫外線光源と、可視光を照射する可視光光源と、を備える植物病害防除用照明システムにおいて、
前記紫外線光源への電力供給又は遮断を所定の周期で制御する第１のタイマと、
前記可視光光源への電力供給又は遮断を所定の周期で制御する第２のタイマと、を備え、
前記紫外線光源は、前記第１のタイマを用いて予め定められた昼間帯に、植物の草冠面での水平面放射照度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２以下となるように点灯させ、
前記可視光光源は、前記第２のタイマを用いて予め定められた夜間帯に、植物の草冠面での水平面照度が１０ルクス以下となるように点灯させることを特徴とする植物病害防除用照明システム。 In a plant disease control lighting system comprising: an ultraviolet light source that irradiates ultraviolet light including UV-B in a wavelength range of 255 to 340 nm; and a visible light source that irradiates visible light.
A first timer for controlling power supply to or interruption of the ultraviolet light source at a predetermined cycle;
A second timer for controlling power supply to or shutoff from the visible light source at a predetermined cycle,
The ultraviolet light source is lit so that the horizontal plane irradiance on the grass crown surface of the plant is 50 μW / cm 2 or less in a daytime zone determined in advance using the first timer ,
The visible light source is turned on so that the horizontal illuminance on the grass crown surface of the plant is 10 lux or less in the nighttime zone that is predetermined by using the second timer. system. 前記可視光光源から照射される可視光は、５００〜６００ｎｍの波長域の可視光を含むことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の植物病害防除用照明システム。   2. The plant disease control lighting system according to claim 1, wherein visible light emitted from the visible light source includes visible light in a wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm. 前記可視光光源から照射される可視光は、６００〜７００ｎｍの波長域の可視光を含むことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の植物病害防除用照明システム。   The visible light emitted from the visible light source includes visible light in a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm, and the plant disease control lighting system according to claim 1. 前記可視光光源から照射される可視光は、４００〜５００ｎｍの波長域の可視光を含むことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の植物病害防除用照明システム。   2. The plant disease control lighting system according to claim 1, wherein the visible light emitted from the visible light source includes visible light in a wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm. 前記紫外線光源は、前記可視光光源が設けられる筐体とは別体の筐体に設けられることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか一項に記載の植物病害防除用照明システム。   The plant disease control illumination system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ultraviolet light source is provided in a housing separate from the housing in which the visible light source is provided. .
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