JP5022335B2 - 燃料電池用電極触媒とその製造方法、及び該電極触媒を含む電極を具備した燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極触媒とその製造方法、及び該電極触媒を含む電極を具備した燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5022335B2 JP5022335B2 JP2008258440A JP2008258440A JP5022335B2 JP 5022335 B2 JP5022335 B2 JP 5022335B2 JP 2008258440 A JP2008258440 A JP 2008258440A JP 2008258440 A JP2008258440 A JP 2008258440A JP 5022335 B2 JP5022335 B2 JP 5022335B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 163
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012695 Ce precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004755 Cerium(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical group [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- KHSBAWXKALEJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);tricarbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O KHSBAWXKALEJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000355 cerium(IV) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MOOUSOJAOQPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Ce+3] MOOUSOJAOQPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000333 cerium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007673 x-ray photoluminescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000667 (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DPZVOQSREQBFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2CN=CC2=C1 DPZVOQSREQBFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BYFKUSIUMUEWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Pt] BYFKUSIUMUEWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8846—Impregnation
- H01M4/885—Impregnation followed by reduction of the catalyst salt precursor
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
H2→2H++2e−
2H++2e−+1/2O2→H2O
白金前駆体として水和された塩化白金(H2PtCl6・xH2O)を水に溶解させた1M水溶液200gに還元剤としてNaHSO3 5gを添加し、これをよく撹拌してH2Pt(SO3)2Cl6・OH水溶液を製造した。結果としての水溶液に過酸化水素50mlを添加してPtO2を生成させた。その後、コバルト前駆体としてCoCl2・6H2O 0.5g及びセリウム前駆体として(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 0.5g添加し、溶液に残存した過酸化水素と反応させることによって、コバルト酸化物(CoO)及びセリウム酸化物(CeO2)を生成させた。
白金前駆体として水和された塩化白金(H2PtCl6・xH2O)を水に溶解させた1M水溶液200gに還元剤としてNaHSO3 5gを添加し、これをよく撹拌してH2Pt(SO3)2Cl6・OH水溶液を製造した。結果としての水溶液に、過酸化水素50mlを添加してPtO2を生成させた。その後、コバルト前駆体としてCoCl2・6H2Oを0.5g添加し、溶液に残存した過酸化水素と反応させることによって、コバルト酸化物(CoO)を生成させた。
(比較例2:還元熱処理されていない電極触媒)
(1)電極の製造
実施例1で合成した触媒1g当たりポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)0.1gと適量のn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを混合し、ローテイティングディスク電極(RDE:Rotating Disk Electrode)形成用スラリを製造した。形成されたスラリを、RDEの基材として使われるガラス質カーボンフィルム(glassy carbon film)上にローディングさせた後、常温から150℃まで段階的に温度を上げる乾燥工程を経てRDE電極を製作した。これを作用電極として使用し、下記のように触媒の性能を評価し、図5及び図6に示した。
これと同時に、比較例1及び2で製造した触媒を使用したことを除いて、同じ方法で電極を製造し、触媒の性能評価の結果を図5及び図6に共に表した。
ORR活性は、電解質に酸素を飽和溶解させた後、開放回路電圧(OCV:Open Circuit Voltage)から負方向にポテンシャルを走査させつつ、それによる電流を記録することによって評価した(操作率:1mV/s、電極回転数:1,000rpm)。OCVから実際電極の酸素の還元反応が主に起こるポテンシャル(0.6〜0.8V)を過ぎた後、さらに低いポテンシャルでは物質限界電流に至った。物質限界電流は、反応物の枯渇による電流の最大値であって、RDE実験で電極回転数を増大させることによって、電解質に溶けている酸素の電極表面への供給が増大するようになって、物質限界電流だけではなく、全ポテンシャル領域で電流が増加するようになる。
このような方法で、前記製造した電極を利用し、実施例1、比較例1及び2の触媒のORR活性度を比較し、その結果を図5に示した。図5を参照すれば、実施例1の触媒は、最適化された還元熱処理を経ることによって、物質限界電流増加の長所を維持しつつ、OCVがCeの導入されていない比較例1及び還元熱処理を経ていない比較例2の触媒に比べ、あらゆるポテンシャル領域でORR電流が増加することが分かる。
HOR活性は、まず電解質に水素を飽和溶解させた後、OCVから正方向にポテンシャルを走査させつつ、それによる電流を記録する(操作率:1mV/s、電極回転数:400rpm)。
このような方法で、前記製造した電極を利用し、触媒のHOR活性度を比較し、図6に示した。図6を参照すれば、実施例1の触媒が比較例1に比べ、HOR電流が多く流れたことから、本発明の触媒がアノード用触媒としての効果も優秀であることが分かる。
実施例1で合成した触媒1g当たりポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)0.03gと適切な量の溶媒NMPとを混合し、カソード電極形成用スラリを製造した。前記カソード用スラリを、微細多孔層(microporous layer)のコーティングされたカーボンペーパ上にバーコータ(bar coater)でコーティングした後、常温から150℃まで段階的に温度を上げる乾燥工程を経てカソードを製作した。
2 第2金属触媒
2a コア
2b シェル
3 炭素系触媒担体
10 膜電極接合体
11 単位セル
12 ホルダ
20 バイポーラプレート
31 PtCo合金領域
32 セリウム酸化物領域
100 電解質膜
110,110’ 触媒層
120,120’ 第2ガス拡散層
121,121’ 第1ガス拡散層
Claims (17)
- 炭素系触媒担体と、
前記触媒担体に担持されたPt、Co及びCeを含む三成分系金属触媒と、
を含み、
前記金属触媒は、Pt−Co系第1金属触媒、及びCe酸化物を含むCe系第2金属触媒を含む
ことを特徴とする、燃料電池用電極触媒。 - 触媒担体と金属触媒との合計量100質量部に対して、10〜60質量部のPt、1〜20質量部のCo及び0.1〜30質量部のCeを含む
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用触媒。 - 前記第1金属触媒は、PtCo合金またはPtCoCe合金である
ことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。 - 前記第2金属触媒は、CeO2及びCe2O3を含む
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。 - 前記第2金属触媒は、CeO2を含むコア及びCe2O3を含むシェルからなる
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。 - 前記第1金属触媒及び前記第2金属触媒は、互いに隣接して位置する
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。 - 前記炭素系触媒担体は、ケッチェンブラック、カーボンブラック、グラファイトカーボン、カーボンナノチューブ及びカーボンファイバからなる群から選択される
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒 - 固形担体と、
PtCo合金またはPtCoCe合金を含む、前記固形担体上の第1金属触媒と、
一種以上のセリウム酸化物を含む、前記固形担体上の第2金属触媒と、
を含む
ことを特徴とする、燃料電池用電極触媒。 - 前記第2金属触媒は、CeO2を含むコア及びCe2O3を含むシェルからなる
ことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。 - Pt前駆体、Co前駆体及びCe前駆体から金属酸化物を含む混合物を得る段階と、
前記金属酸化物を含む混合物に、水素バブルリング条件下で炭素系触媒担体に担持する段階と、
結果物を水素雰囲気下で200から350℃で熱処理する段階と、
を含む
ことを特徴とする、燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。 - 前記Pt前駆体は、H2PtCl4、H2PtCl6、K2PtCl4、K2PtCl6、Pt(NO2)2(NH3)2、及びH2Pt(OH)6からなる群から選択される
ことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の製造方法。 - 前記Co前駆体は、CoCl2、CoSO4、及びCo(NO3)2からなる群から選択される
ことを特徴とする、請求項10または11に記載の製造方法。 - 前記Ce前駆体は、酢酸セリウム(III)、臭化セリウム(III)、炭酸セリウム(III)、塩化セリウム(III)、水酸化セリウム(IV)、硝酸セリウム(III)、硫酸セリウム(III)、及び硫酸セリウム(IV)からなる群から選択される
ことを特徴とする、請求項10〜12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 - 請求項10〜13のうちいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって製造された燃料電池用電極触媒。
- 請求項1〜9のうちいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒を含む電極、及び電解質膜を含む
ことを特徴とする、燃料電池。 - 前記電極は、カソードである
ことを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の燃料電池。 - 高分子電解質型燃料電池である
ことを特徴とする、請求項15または16に記載の燃料電池。
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