JP5019829B2 - 水素貯蔵装置及び水素供給方法 - Google Patents
水素貯蔵装置及び水素供給方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5019829B2 JP5019829B2 JP2006253198A JP2006253198A JP5019829B2 JP 5019829 B2 JP5019829 B2 JP 5019829B2 JP 2006253198 A JP2006253198 A JP 2006253198A JP 2006253198 A JP2006253198 A JP 2006253198A JP 5019829 B2 JP5019829 B2 JP 5019829B2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 352
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 347
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 347
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 For example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Description
図1に示すものと同様の構造を有する水素貯蔵装置の水素貯蔵容器(内容積:100L、SUS316L製)内に、水素吸蔵材料として、繊維状炭素材料(東邦テナックス社製、PYROMEX)に、該繊維状炭素材料1g当たり0.07モルのKOHを加え、アルゴンガス雰囲気下、500℃で3時間賦活処理してなる多孔質炭素材料(比表面積2892m2/g)を40kg充填した。次に、冷却管内に冷媒として液体窒素(温度:77K)を流通させながら、水素ガスを水素流路から水素貯蔵容器内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が1.0MPaになるまで導入した。これにより水素を水素吸蔵材料に吸蔵させ、水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は2.42kgであった。
冷媒として液体窒素(温度:77K)に代えて液化天然ガス(温度:110K)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は2.06kgであった。
水素ガスを水素貯蔵容器内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が3.0MPaになるまで導入したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は3.41kgであった。
水素ガスを水素貯蔵容器内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が3.0MPaになるまで導入したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は2.65kgであった。
水素吸蔵材料を活性炭(関西熱化学社製、マックスソーブ(MAXSORB)、比表面積2800m2/g)とし、これを水素貯蔵容器内に35kg充填したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は1.85kgであった。
冷媒として液体窒素(温度:77K)に代えて液化天然ガス(温度:110K)を用いたこと以外は実施例5と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は1.41kgであった。
水素貯蔵容器内に水素吸蔵材料を充填しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は0.32kgであった。
冷却管を有しない以外は図1に示すものと同様の構造を有する水素貯蔵装置の水素貯蔵容器(内容積:100L)内に、水素吸蔵材料として実施例1で用いた水素吸蔵材料を45kg充填した。次に、室温(温度:300K)にて、水素ガスを水素流路から水素貯蔵容器内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が1.0MPaになるまで導入した。これにより水素を水素吸蔵材料に吸蔵させ、水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このときの水素貯蔵量は、0.12kgであった。
水素ガスを水素貯蔵容器内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が3.0MPaになるまで導入したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は0.99kgであった。
水素ガスを水素貯蔵容器内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が3.0MPaになるまで導入したこと以外は比較例2と同様にして水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このとき、水素貯蔵量は0.38kgであった。
冷却管を有しない以外は図1に示すものと同様の構造を有する水素貯蔵装置を用意した。次に、室温(温度:300K)にて、水素ガスを水素流路から水素貯蔵容器(内容積:100L)内に、該水素貯蔵容器内の水素圧が30.0MPaになるまで導入した。これにより水素を水素吸蔵材料に吸蔵させ、水素貯蔵装置に水素を貯蔵した。このときの水素貯蔵量は、2.37kgであった。
Claims (6)
- 多孔質系水素吸蔵材料が充填された水素貯蔵容器と、
前記水素貯蔵容器の周囲に真空断熱層が形成されるように前記水素貯蔵容器を囲む真空断熱容器と、
前記水素貯蔵容器の内部を通って設けられており、前記多孔質系水素吸蔵材料に水素を吸蔵させる際に120K以下の温度の冷媒を流通させる冷却管と、
を備えることを特徴とする、水素の貯蔵、輸送及び供給に用いられる水素貯蔵装置。 - 前記多孔質系水素吸蔵材料が、繊維状炭素材料に、該繊維状炭素材料1g当たり0.02〜0.3モルのKOH、LiOH及びNaOHからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の塩基を加え、不活性ガス雰囲気下、400〜1100℃で賦活処理してなるものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水素貯蔵装置。
- 前記冷媒が、液化天然ガス又は液体窒素であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の水素貯蔵装置。
- 前記冷却管の形状が、断面が円筒状の配管を螺旋状に張り巡らせた形状であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の水素貯蔵装置。
- 請求項1〜4のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素貯蔵装置を用い、前記冷却管内に120K以下の前記冷媒を流通させて前記多孔質系水素吸蔵材料に水素を吸蔵させる吸蔵ステップと、
前記冷却管内に173〜373Kの温度の熱媒を流通させて前記多孔質系水素吸蔵材料から水素を放出させ、該水素を供給先に供給する供給ステップと、
を有することを特徴とする水素供給方法。 - 前記吸蔵ステップの後に、前記冷却管内から前記冷媒を抜いた状態で前記水素貯蔵装置を輸送する輸送ステップを更に有することを特徴とする請求項5記載の水素供給方法。
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JP2006253198A JP5019829B2 (ja) | 2006-09-19 | 2006-09-19 | 水素貯蔵装置及び水素供給方法 |
PCT/JP2007/068135 WO2008035696A1 (fr) | 2006-09-19 | 2007-09-19 | Dispositif de stockage d'hydrogÈne et procÉDÉ d'alimentation en hydrogÈne |
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KR20090101852A (ko) | 2008-03-24 | 2009-09-29 | 소니 가부시끼 가이샤 | 액정 표시 장치 및 액정 표시 방법, 표시 제어 장치 및 표시 제어 방법 |
ES2362518B1 (es) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-02-02 | Abengoa Solar New Technologies S.A. | Material compuesto para almacenamiento de energia termica a alta temperatura. |
JP5481648B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-04 | 2014-04-23 | 国立大学法人長岡技術科学大学 | 水素吸蔵方法、水素吸蔵装置、及び水素吸蔵用炭素材料 |
US9548507B2 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2017-01-17 | Elwha Llc | Systems and methods for hydrogen fuel storage and hydrogen powered vehicles |
JP2015078944A (ja) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 圧力伝送装置 |
JP6306397B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-04-04 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 水素ステーション |
CN104373813A (zh) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-25 | 西安轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | 一种低温容器罐体夹层吸附剂装置 |
CN106287215A (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-01-04 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | 一种双层金属结构的ang吸附储罐 |
KR20230030110A (ko) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-06 | 주식회사 안머터리얼즈 | 수소 저장 물질이 삽입된 수소 저장 용기 |
KR20240056855A (ko) * | 2022-10-21 | 2024-05-02 | 주식회사 안머터리얼즈 | 기체저장물질이 삽입된 기체저장용기 |
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JPS5982924A (ja) * | 1983-04-20 | 1984-05-14 | Taiyo Sanso Kk | ガスの増産方法 |
EP0154165A3 (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1987-09-16 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for adsorbing and storing hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures |
JPS62241801A (ja) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-10-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 水素の吸蔵−放出方法および装置 |
JP2000103612A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Toshiba Corp | 水素吸蔵炭素 |
JP2001241600A (ja) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-09-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 水素貯蔵装置 |
JP3678662B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-16 | 2005-08-03 | エア・ウォーター株式会社 | 水素製造方法およびそれに用いる装置 |
JP4619575B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2011-01-26 | 日本エア・リキード株式会社 | 水素ガスの製造方法および水素ガスの製造設備 |
JP2003065497A (ja) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 水素貯蔵容器 |
JP2004332787A (ja) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-11-25 | Nippon Oil Corp | ガスボンベの製造法、ガスボンベ及びガス吸蔵・放出方法 |
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