JP5015941B2 - 有機化合物の定量化方法 - Google Patents
有機化合物の定量化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N Carbon-13 Chemical compound [13C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 carbon inorganic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N Carbon-12 Chemical compound [12C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001042 affinity chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005571 anion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
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- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7206—Mass spectrometers interfaced to gas chromatograph
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Description
a)サンプルが固体である場合に、測定される有機化合物は適宜な溶媒中で溶解されるかまたは溶剤で処理される。液体サンプルの場合には、必要とされる全てが適宜な溶媒中で有機化合物から抽出される。このとき、または後で、ある種の内部基準がサンプルに付加され、その後方法論的なエラーを訂正する。これらの内部基準は、i)測定されるべきものおよびサンプル中に存在しないものと異なる化合物(内部基準方法)、ii)化合物中に存在する元素のいずれかの同位体存在量(アイソトピックアバンダンス)が変更される1つまたは複数の測定される化合物(同位体希釈方法)、またはiii)自然の同位体存在量を変更しない1つまたは複数の測定される化合物(基準付加方法)にすることができる。サンプルが液体であるときは、内部基準はそのサンプルに直接付加され得る。
b)いったん化合物が固体から抽出されるか、またはサンプルが液体であるとき、非クロマトグラフ技術によって他の干渉している化合物の予備濃縮または分離の工程が必要であり、その産出物が測定されねばならない。
c)最後に、調製されたサンプルは存在する種々の有機化合物を分離しかつそれらを適宜な計器的装置によって検出するためにクロマトグラフィシステムに注入される。
d)ピーク区域またはピーク高さの信号は計器信号が各化合物について異なるので、測定される各化合物の純粋な基準から設けられた較正ラインと比較される。この較正は注入されたサンプル中の有機化合物の内容物を測定することを可能にする。この分析工程は公認基準が高価でありそしてサンプル中に存在する各化合物が時間および金銭を必要とする独立の較正を必要するので、疑いなくプロセスにおいて最も高価となることが無価値となる。
e)上述したそれらの中である種の内部基準が使用される場合に、定量化方法論は僅かに異なる。
a)クロマトグラフィによってサンプル中の化合物を分離し、
b)(a)で分離された化合物を炭素−13の豊富なトレーサ(追跡子)と混合させ、
c)(b)の混合物をCO2 を発生するように化学的に反応させ、
d)質量分析計によって(c)において発生させた1 2 C/1 3 Cの同位体比率を測定し、
e)1 2 C/1 3 Cクロマトグラムをオンライン同位体希釈等式によって炭素質量の流れクロマトグラムに変換し、
前記トレーサが炭素−13の豊富なCO2 である場合に、また、(a)において分離された化合物の化学反応に続いて、前記トレーサとの混合が実施され得る有機化合物の定量化方法を提供する。
a)酸素、酸素−アルゴン混合物または酸素−水素混合物を使用するガス相燃焼反応;
b)触媒の存在において金属酸化物(CuO,Ag2 Oまたはその他)を使用する固体相酸化反応;
c)強力な酸化剤(過マンガン塩、二クロム酸塩、過硫酸塩またはその他)を使用する液体相酸化反応
にすることができる。
a)1 3 Cで豊富にされた二酸化炭素としてトレーサを直接導入すること。
b)液体相に溶解された1 3 C中で豊富にされた他の炭素化合物(例えば、炭酸ナトリウムのごとき、有機または無機の)としてトレーサを導入すること。
c)例えばメタンの、1 3 Cで豊富にされた他の揮発性炭素化合物としてトレーサを導入すること。
を含んでいる。
a)あらゆる有機化合物に存在する炭素が上述した化学反応の1つによってCO2 に定量的に変換され易いので、その化学形態に関係のないあらゆる有機化合物に使用され得る一般的な方法である。
b)慣例的な実験室における分析に必要なコストおよび時間を著しく減少する測定される各化合物の較正基準の使用を必要としない絶対方法である。実際に、単一の注入を有するが、どんな基準をも必要としないで、クロマトグラフィシステムから溶出されたサンプル中のあらゆる炭素含有化合物の絶対定量化を可能にする。
c)同位体希釈法を使用しかつ国際単位系に直接帰することができる主要な分析方法であると考えられ得る。
d)化学反応および豊富な炭素13のフロー(流れ)を導入するために現在のクロマトグラフィシステムの最小の変更を必要とする。
e)同位体比率を測定するとき高精度が要求されないので、低コストの質量分析計を使用する。
f)この方法論は注入される内部基準の量を絶対的に測定することができるので、サンプルの調製中の方法論的エラー、注入される量の変化または溶媒の蒸発による量の変化を補正するための内部基準の使用を可能にする。
CnH2 n+ 2 +(3n+1)CuO−>nCO2 +(n+1)H2 O+(3n+1)Cu
ここでCnH2 n+ 2 はあらゆる脂肪族炭化水素である。
(2)「同位体希釈質量分析」。ホイマン・ケージー。質量分析及びイオン作用の国際ジャーナル、1992年、第118巻、第572頁乃至第592頁(“Isotope−dilution mass spectrometry”.Heumann,KG.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES,1992,118:575−592)
(3)「二重焦点ICP−MSを有するポスト−カラム同位体希釈分析に結合されるアニオン交換クロマトグラフィを使用するヒト血漿中の必須元素の種形成」。ムニス・シーエス、マルシャンテ・ガイヨン、ジェイエム;ガルシア・アロンソ、ジェイアイ;サンス・メデル・エー。分析原子分光学雑誌、2001年、第16(6)巻、第587頁乃至第592頁(“Speciation of essential elements in human serum using anion−exchange chromatography coupled to post−column isotope dilution analysis with double focusing ICP−MS”.Muniz,CS,Marchante Gayon,JM;Garcia Alonso,JI;Sanz Mekel,A.JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY,2001,16(6):587−592)
(4)「ポスト−カラム同位体希釈分析ICP−MSに結合される親和性クロマトグラフィによるヒト血漿中のセレニウムの定量的種形成」。レイエス・エルエッチ、マルシャンテ・ガイヨン、ジェイエム、ガルシア・アロンソ、ジェイアイ;サンス・メデル・エー。分析原子分光学雑誌、2003年、第18(10)巻、第1210頁乃至第1216頁(“Quantitative speciation of selenium in human serum by affinity chromatography coupled to post−column isotope dilution analysis ICP−MS”.Reyes,LH,Marchante−Gayon,JM,Garcia Alonso,JI;Sanz Medel,A.Journal OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY,2003,18(10):1210−1216)
(5)「同位体希釈誘導結合プラズマ質量分析計による生物学的および環境的物質中のカドミウムの測定:フローサンプル導入方法の効果」。モタ・ジェイピーヴィ、デ・ラ・カンパ、エムアールエフ、ガルシア・アロンソ、ジェイアイ;サンス・メデル・エー。分析原子分光学雑誌、1999年、第14(2)巻、第113頁乃至第120頁(“Determination of cadmium in biological and environmental materials by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry:Effect of flow sample introduction methods”.Mota,JPV,De la Campa,MRF,Garcia Alonso,JI;Sanz Medel,A.JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY,1999,14(2):113−120)
(6)「溶解された有機炭素測定用のICP−IDMS方法の開発および腐食質物質を有する重金属複合体のクロマトグラフ部片へのその応用」。ヴォーグル・ジェイ;ホイマン・ケージー。(“Development of an ICP−IDMS method for dissolved organic carbon determinations and its application to chromatographic fractions of heavy metal compelexes with humic substances”.Vogl,J;Heumann,KG.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,1998,70(10):2038−2043)
Mix 混合物
T トレーサ
MS 質量分析計
GS ガスクロマトグラフィ
Claims (11)
- 有機化合物の定量化方法において、
(a)クロマトグラフィによってサンプル中の化合物を分離し、
(b)(a)で分離された化合物を炭素−13で豊富にされた非特定トレーサ(追跡子)と連続的に混合させ、
(c)(b)で混合された化合物とトレーサをCO2を発生させるように化学的に反応させ、
(d)質量分析計によって(c)で発生させた12C/13Cの同位体比率を測定し、
(e)12C/13C同位体比率クロマトグラムをオンライン同位体希釈等式によって炭素質量の流れクロマトグラムに変換することを特徴とする有機化合物の定量化方法。 - 前記トレーサが炭素無機化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機化合物用の定量化方法。
- 前記無機トレーサがCO2であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 前記トレーサが炭素−13で豊富にされたCO2である場合に、(a)において分離された化合物の化学反応に続いて、前記トレーサとの混合が実施されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 前記トレーサが炭酸ナトリウムであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 前記トレーサがメタンであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 前記分離が液体クロマトグラフィ又はガスクロマトグラフィによって実施されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 12C/13C同位体比率が直接測定されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 同位体比率が12Cおよび13Cから引き出されたイオンによって測定されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 12C/13C比率から引き出されたイオンがそれぞれ質量44及び45を有するCO2 +であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
- 前記質量分析計のイオン化源が電子衝突イオン化源であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の有機化合物の定量化方法。
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EP3090260A1 (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2016-11-09 | John P. Jasper | Method for continuously monitoring chemical or biological processes |
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