JP5007845B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 268
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 86
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1362
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 19
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
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- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
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- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
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- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
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Description
前記NOx触媒の通過前後で排気中のNOxがどの程度変化するかを示したNOx浄化率を推定するものであって、前記還元処理実行手段による前記還元処理前における前記NOx浄化率を還元前NOx浄化率として推定し、前記還元処理実行手段による前記還元処理後における前記NOx浄化率を還元後NOx浄化率として推定するNOx浄化率推定手段と、
前記還元前NOx浄化率と前記還元後NOx浄化率とに基づいて、前記還元処理前後で前記NOx浄化率がどの程度変化したかを示した浄化率変化度を算出する変化度算出手段と、
前記還元処理によって還元されたNOx量であるNOx還元量を推定するNOx還元量推定手段と、
前記変化度算出手段によって算出された前記浄化率変化度と前記NOx還元量推定手段によって算出された前記NOx還元量との関係に基づいて、前記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定する劣化判定手段と、を備え、
前記劣化判定手段は、
前記NOx触媒の正常/劣化を区分する前記浄化率変化度の閾値として、前記NOx還元量推定手段によって推定された前記NOx還元量に応じた基準閾値を設定する閾値設定手段と、
前記変化度算出手段によって算出された前記浄化率変化度と前記閾値設定手段によって設定された前記閾値とを比較して、前記NOx触媒が劣化しているか否かを判定する比較判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
前記内燃機関から排出されるNOx量である排出NOx量を推定する排出NOx量推定手段と、
前記排気通路の前記NOx触媒の下流側に設けられたNOx濃度を検出するNOxセンサを用いて、前記NOx触媒を通過したNOx量である通過NOx量を推定する通過NOx量推定手段と、
前記還元処理前における前記排出NOx量と前記通過NOx量とに基づいて、前記還元前NOx浄化率を算出する還元前NOx浄化率算出手段と、
前記還元処理後における前記排出NOx量と前記通過NOx量とに基づいて、前記還元後NOx浄化率を算出する還元後NOx浄化率算出手段と、を備える。
前記NOx触媒の正常/劣化を区分する前記浄化率変化度の閾値として、前記NOx還元量推定手段によって推定された前記NOx還元量に応じた基準閾値を設定する閾値設定手段と、
前記変化度算出手段によって算出された前記浄化率変化度と前記閾値設定手段によって設定された前記閾値とを比較して、前記NOx触媒が劣化しているか否かを判定する比較判定手段と、を備える。
前記劣化判定手段は、前記NOx触媒の温度が前記温度範囲に含まれていると前記温度判断手段が判断したときにおける前記浄化率変化度に基づいて、前記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定する。
前記劣化判定手段は、前記NOx浄化率特性線の線形性を有する範囲である線形範囲における前記還元前NOx浄化率及び前記還元後NOx浄化率に基づいて算出された前記浄化率変化度に基づいて、前記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定する。
前記温度範囲は、前記還元処理の終了時点で前記NOx浄化率特性線の前記線形範囲における前記NOx吸蔵量が残存する程度の低い温度範囲である。
前記NOx還元量推定手段は、前記NOx触媒の上下流側に設けられた空燃比センサ若しくはO2センサの検出値に基づいて、前記NOx還元量を推定する。
以下、本発明に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置の第一実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本実施形態の排気浄化装置が適用されたエンジンシステム1の概略構成を示した図である。図1のエンジンシステム1は、ディーゼルエンジン10、及びそれに係る吸気系、排気系、そしてこれらを制御する電子制御装置(ECU)70を含んで構成される。
ηbefore=Xl1/Xe1 式(1)
Δra=Σ(λrear−λfront)×Ga 式(2)
ηafter=Xl2/Xe2 式(3)
Δη=ηafter−ηbefore 式(4)
Δη‘=ηafter−ηbefore 式(5)
Δη=Δη‘/ηbefore 式(6)
次に、本発明に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置の第二実施形態について説明する。上記第一実施形態では、LNT温度TLNTが、NOx浄化率ηが安定な値を示す所定温度範囲(TLNT_min〜TLNT_max)にあるときに限り、LNT40の劣化状態の判定を行っていた。この第二実施形態では、NOx浄化率ηが不安定な値を示すLNT温度TLNTである場合でも劣化状態の判定を可能にするために、NOx還元量ΔNOx、リッチパージ前NOx浄化率ηbeforeに加えて、LNT温度TLNTに応じた閾値Δηmaxを設定する実施形態である。以下、第二実施形態について、第一実施形態と異なる部分を中心にして説明する。なお、以下に記載した以外の部分については、第一実施形態と同じである。
次に、本発明に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置の第三実施形態について説明する。この第三実施形態は、LNT40の劣化状態の判定を行う際のNOx浄化率ηを制御する実施形態である。以下、第三実施形態について、第一、第二実施形態と異なる部分を中心にして説明する。なお、以下に記載した以外の部分については、第一実施形態と同じである。
10 エンジン(内燃機関)
32 排気通路
40、41 LNT(NOx触媒)
21 エアフロメータ
22 吸気圧センサ
23 回転数センサ
24 筒内圧センサ
25 排気温センサ
26 第一の空燃比センサ
27 第二の空燃比センサ
28 NOxセンサ
29 アクセルセンサ
70 ECU(内燃機関の排気浄化装置)
71 メモリ
Claims (10)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられた、リーン雰囲気においてNOxを吸蔵しリッチ雰囲気において吸蔵されたNOxを還元するNOx触媒に吸蔵されたNOxを還元させる還元処理を実行する還元処理実行手段と、
前記NOx触媒の通過前後で排気中のNOxがどの程度変化するかを示したNOx浄化率を推定するものであって、前記還元処理実行手段による前記還元処理前における前記NOx浄化率を還元前NOx浄化率として推定し、前記還元処理実行手段による前記還元処理後における前記NOx浄化率を還元後NOx浄化率として推定するNOx浄化率推定手段と、
前記還元前NOx浄化率と前記還元後NOx浄化率とに基づいて、前記還元処理前後で前記NOx浄化率がどの程度変化したかを示した浄化率変化度を算出する変化度算出手段と、
前記還元処理によって還元されたNOx量であるNOx還元量を推定するNOx還元量推定手段と、
前記変化度算出手段によって算出された前記浄化率変化度と前記NOx還元量推定手段によって算出された前記NOx還元量との関係に基づいて、前記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定する劣化判定手段と、を備え、
前記劣化判定手段は、
前記NOx触媒の正常/劣化を区分する前記浄化率変化度の閾値として、前記NOx還元量推定手段によって推定された前記NOx還元量に応じた基準閾値を設定する閾値設定手段と、
前記変化度算出手段によって算出された前記浄化率変化度と前記閾値設定手段によって設定された前記閾値とを比較して、前記NOx触媒が劣化しているか否かを判定する比較判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記NOx浄化率推定手段は、
前記内燃機関から排出されるNOx量である排出NOx量を推定する排出NOx量推定手段と、
前記排気通路の前記NOx触媒の下流側に設けられたNOx濃度を検出するNOxセンサを用いて、前記NOx触媒を通過したNOx量である通過NOx量を推定する通過NOx量推定手段と、
前記還元処理前における前記排出NOx量と前記通過NOx量とに基づいて、前記還元前NOx浄化率を算出する還元前NOx浄化率算出手段と、
前記還元処理後における前記排出NOx量と前記通過NOx量とに基づいて、前記還元後NOx浄化率を算出する還元後NOx浄化率算出手段と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記閾値設定手段は、前記NOx還元量に加えて、前記還元前NOx浄化率に応じた前記基準閾値を設定することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記閾値設定手段は、前記基準閾値をさらに前記NOx触媒の温度に応じて補正し、その補正後の値を最終的な閾値として設定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記閾値設定手段は、前記NOx触媒の温度が、前記NOx浄化率が低下する温度であるほど前記閾値が大きくなるように前記基準閾値の補正をすることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記NOx触媒の温度が、前記NOx浄化率が安定な値を示す所定の温度範囲に含まれているか否かを判断する温度判断手段を備え、
前記劣化判定手段は、前記NOx触媒の温度が前記温度範囲に含まれていると前記温度判断手段が判断したときにおける前記浄化率変化度に基づいて、前記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記NOx触媒に吸蔵されているNOx吸蔵量に対する前記NOx浄化率の変化を示した線をNOx浄化率特性線としたときに、
前記劣化判定手段は、前記NOx浄化率特性線の線形性を有する範囲である線形範囲における前記還元前NOx浄化率及び前記還元後NOx浄化率に基づいて算出された前記浄化率変化度に基づいて、前記NOx触媒の劣化状態を判定することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記排出NOx量推定手段は、前記内燃機関の運転状態ごとに前記内燃機関から排出されるNOx量として予め定められた基本排出NOx量に基づいて、前記排出NOx量を推定するものであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記還元前NOx浄化率算出手段及び前記還元後NOx浄化率算出手段は、前記内燃機関から排出されたNOxが前記NOxセンサに到達して検出されるまでの時間遅れを考慮して、前記通過NOx量と前記排出NOx量とを時間的に対応させる時間処理手段を備え、その時間処理手段で対応させた通過NOx量と排出NOx量とに基づいて、前記還元前NOx浄化率及び前記還元後NOx浄化率を算出するものであることを特徴とする請求項2又は8に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気通路の前記NOx触媒の上流側及び下流側にはそれぞれ、排気の空燃比を検出する空燃比センサ若しくは酸素濃度を検出するO2センサが設けられており、
前記NOx還元量推定手段は、前記NOx触媒の上下流側に設けられた空燃比センサ若しくはO2センサの検出値に基づいて、前記NOx還元量を推定することを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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