JP4989648B2 - 抗癌剤として有用なイルジン類似体 - Google Patents
抗癌剤として有用なイルジン類似体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4989648B2 JP4989648B2 JP2008525225A JP2008525225A JP4989648B2 JP 4989648 B2 JP4989648 B2 JP 4989648B2 JP 2008525225 A JP2008525225 A JP 2008525225A JP 2008525225 A JP2008525225 A JP 2008525225A JP 4989648 B2 JP4989648 B2 JP 4989648B2
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- C07C2603/96—Spiro compounds containing "not free" spiro atoms containing at least one ring with less than six members
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Description
悪性腫瘍形成は、心血管疾患に次いで米国で2番目に多い死亡原因である(National Vital Statistics Reports. 2005, 53, 7)。新規の癌化学療法剤、並びに早期の検出及び処置と組み合わせた治療方法は、全体的な癌の発生率、及び全ての癌を組み合わせた死亡率の両方の減少に大きく関与してきた(Jemal, A., et al., Cancer. 2004, 101, 4)。有効な治療法が全く又は殆どない癌患者は依然として多数存在する。更には、最新の治療法に対して最初は癌が反応するものの、その後耐性を備えて、処置がより一層困難又は不可能になる場合もある。従って、単独療法又は他の化学療法剤との併用療法の何れかとしてより良好な効果又は安全性を有する新規の化学療法剤、並びに癌細胞における薬剤耐性を克服する可能性を有する薬剤が依然として必要とされている。
McMorris, T.C., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 831 Kelner, M.J., et al., Cancer Research 1987, 47, 3186 McMorris, T.C., et al., J. Nat. Prod. 1996, 59, 896 Cvitkovic E., et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2004, 22, 4766 Falcon−Lizaraso, S., et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2004, 22, 333 Senzer N., et al., Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005, 28, 36 Kelner M.J., et al., Cancer Res., 1995, 55, 4936 Poindessous V., et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2003, 9, 2817 Herzig M.C., et al., Biochem Pharmacol. 2003, 65, 503
一実施形態は、癌細胞の成長、特に固形腫瘍の成長を阻害し、in vivoでの処置に有効である適切な治療指数を有するアシルフルベン類似体を提供する。一実施形態において、本化合物は、ヒドロキシウレア又はその誘導体で修飾されたアシルフルベン類似体である。本化合物は、以下の一般化学式(I)であって:
R1が−C(X1)X2(R9)又はHであり;
X1がO又はSであり;
X2が−O−、−S−、又は−N(R10)−であり;
R2が、水素、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、−C(O)(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C1−C6)アルキルであり;
R3が、水素、又は(C1−C6)アルキルであり;
R4が、水素、−SCH2CO2(C1−C6)アルキル、−O−(C6−C10)アリール、又は−S−(C6−C10)アリールであって;アリールが必要に応じてハロ、OH又は(C1−C4)アルキルで置換され;
R5が、水素、OHであるか、又は不在であり;
R6が、水素、又は(C1−C6)アルキルであり;及び
R7が、OH又はSi((C1−C4)アルキル)3であるか;
R6及びR7が一緒になってエチレンジオキシであり;
R8が(C1−C6)アルキルであり;必要に応じてOH又はハロで置換され;
R9が、水素、(C1−C6)アルキル、−(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C6−C10)アリール;又は−(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)ヘテロアリール、又は−(C6−C10)ヘテロアリールであり;
R10が、水素、−OH、又は(C1−C6)アルキルであり;
nが1、2、3、4、5又は6であり;
−−−で表わされる結合は必要に応じて存在するか、不在である、
化学式;及びその薬学的に許容される塩を有する。
(式中、
nが1、2、3、4、5又は6であり;
R1が−C(X1)X2(R9)又はHであり;
R2が、水素、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、−C(=O)(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C1−C6)アルキルであり;
X1がO又はSであり;
X2がO、S、又はN(R10)であり;
R9が、水素、(C1−C6)アルキル、−(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C6−C10)アリール;又は−(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)ヘテロアリール、又は−(C6−C10)ヘテロアリールであり;
R10が、水素、(C1−C6)アルキルである);或いは
その薬学的に許容される塩、で置き換えることを含む、方法が提供される。一実施形態において、イロフルベンの6−ヒドロキシメチル部分は、−CH2N(OH)−C(=O)−NH2で置き換えられる。
一実施形態は、化学式(I)の化合物、及び化学式(I)の化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含む薬学的組成物を、薬学的に許容される希釈剤又は担体と組み合わせて提供する。
一般的な実験方法
反応は、エアフリー操作法を使用し、オーブン乾燥させたガラス器具中でN2雰囲気下にて実施した。
アセトン及び2M H2SO4の1:1混合液(8.0mL)中のイロフルベン(200mg、0.812mmol)の溶液に、ヒドロキシ尿素(125mg、1.64mmol)を加えた。混合物を室温にて1時間撹拌した後、酢酸エチル及び水で分配させた。有機抽出物を飽和NaHCO3及び食塩水で洗浄した後、MgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。粗生成物をクロマトグラフィー(1:3ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)により精製し、206mgの標題の化合物をオレンジ色のゴム状物質として得た(83%)。
CH2Cl2(2.0mL)中の6(20.4mg、67.0μmol)及びAc2O(7.0μL、74μmol)の溶液に、DMAP(2.0mg、16μmol)を加えた。混合物を15分間撹拌した後、シリカゲルカラムに直接添加し、クロマトグラフィー(10:1ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)により精製し、23.2mgの6を、オレンジ色のゴム状物質として得た(定量)。
化合物6、7、14、16、18、20、21及び22の抗癌活性を、in vitroでMV522肺癌細胞を使用して、イロフルベン(3)の活性と比較した(Kelner M.J., et al., Cancer Res. 1987, 47, 3186を参照)。2時間の曝露時間において、化合物6及び22は、イロフルベンに匹敵する活性を有していたが、アセチル化誘導体7は、イロフルベンよりも優れた効果を有していた(表1)。類似体14、16、18、20及び21は、2時間の時点では、イロフルベンに比べてMV522細胞に対する効果が低かった。48時間のインキュベーション後におけるアシルフルベンの効果の順位は、イロフルベン>7、22>20>6>14>21>16>18であった。
MV522異種移植片モデルを、記述の通り(Kelner M.J, et al., Invest New Drugs. 1996, 14, 161)、化合物6及び7のin vivo活性試験に使用した。MV522腫瘍を皮下に有するマウスに、10mg/kgのイロフルベン、化合物6の場合は7.5〜10mg/kg、又は化合物7の場合は5〜15mg/kgの投与量で、週3回3週間(週3回21日間)にわたり腹腔内投与した。化合物6は、MV522腫瘍に対して強力な抗腫瘍活性を有しており、7.5及び10mg/kg投与量で処理したマウスにおいて、それぞれ4/6及び5/5の部分反応を示した。15mg/kgの化合物7を投与したマウスにおいては、部分反応(4/6)が観察されたが、5mg/kg及び10mg/kgの投与群においては、腫瘍成長阻害(それぞれ、56%及び79%)が生じた。最終的な相対的腫瘍重量によると、化合物6及び7は、イロフルベンに比べて同様の抗腫瘍効果を有していた。これらの生物学的試験の結果は、化合物6及び7がヒトの抗腫瘍療法に有効な薬剤であることを示唆している。
化合物6及び7を、それぞれの血漿安定性についてイロフルベンと比較した(例えば、安定性の向上、又は血漿における化合物のin vivo末期排出半減期(T1/2);安定性及びT1/2が向上すると、化合物は腫瘍又は血液癌細胞等の癌性細胞に取り込まれ、この細胞に対する効果を有すると考えられている)。貯蔵した新鮮なヒト結晶を各類似体でスパイクし、化合物の安定性プロフィールを、LC/MS/MSを使用して37℃にて測定した。化合物6の方が安定しており、化合物7は、イロフルベンよりもヒト血漿内において安定性が低かった(図3)。これらの特性は、化合物6及び7をイロフルベンと差別化し、治療効果を向上させ得る。化合物6の血漿安定性の向上は、本化合物が薬剤に対する腫瘍の曝露増大に関連することから、薬学製剤及び送達において特に有利である可能性がある。従って、化合物6はin vitroにおいてヒト血漿中での安定性が向上している(図3)。
化合物6の薬物動態(PK)をCD−1オスマウスにて調べた。5mg/kgの静脈注射を1回行った後、連続した採血及びLC/MS/MSによる血漿解析を行った。イロフルベンに比べて、化合物6は、異なるPK特性を示した(図4及び表4)。化合物6ではCmax及びAUCが大きく、T1/2は有意に長く、全身クリアランス(CLp)及び分布容積(Vdss)は、イロフルベンに比べて化合物6において減少した。従って、化合物6はイロフルベンとは有意に異なる薬物動態プロフィールを有する(図4;表4)。
本明細書にはアシルフルベン類似体の新規の投与スケジュールが記載されている。この投与スケジュールでは、週3回21日間の断続的なスケジュールにおける各投与の予め決められた最大許容量(MTD)を超える、個々の投与量の投与がそれほど頻繁に必要とならない。例えば、化合物6を、週1回14日間の投与スケジュールで試験した。このスケジュールでは、全蓄積投与量が、週3回21日間のスケジュールで投与された全蓄積投与量よりも低いものの、同等の効果を有していた(図5)。週3回21日間の投与スケジュールは、イロフルベンの標準的な投与方法である。本明細書に記載される化合物6の週1回21日間のスケジュールは、以前の作業から考えると予想外なものであり、合計量の少ない細胞毒性を有する化学療法剤を少ない頻度で投与する独特の機会を示し、それため患者における全体的な毒性効果を減少する。週1回の投与は、より多くの投与スケジュールよりも容易であることから、これは、ヒトに対する安全性及び服薬率を上昇させる。
Claims (36)
- 以下の化学式(I)を有する化合物であって、
R1が−C(X1)X2(R9)又はHであり;X1がO又はSであり;X2がO、S、又はN(R10)であり;
R2が、水素、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、−C(=O)(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C1−C6)アルキルであり;
R3が、水素、又は(C1−C6)アルキルであり;
R4が、水素、−SCH2CO2(C1−C6)アルキル、−O−(C6−C10)アリール、又は−S−(C6−C10)アリールであって;アリールが必要に応じてハロ、OH又は(C1−C4)アルキルで置換され;
R5が、水素、OHであるか、又は不在であり;
R6が、水素、又は(C1−C6)アルキルであり;及び
R7が、OH又はSi((C1−C4)アルキル)3であるか;
R6及びR7が一緒になってエチレンジオキシであり;
R8が(C1−C6)アルキルであり;必要に応じてOH又はハロで置換され;
R9が、水素、(C1−C6)アルキル、−(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C6−C10)アリール;又は−(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)ヘテロアリール、又は−(C6−C10)ヘテロアリールであり;
R10が、水素、又は(C1−C6)アルキルであり;nが1、2、3、4、5又は6であり;
−−−で表わされる結合は必要に応じて存在するか、又は不在である、
化合物;或いはその薬学的に許容される塩。 - R1が−C(=O)OR 9 である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1が
(a)−C(=O)OCH2CH3 ;
(b)−C(=O)OCH 2 Ph;および
(c)−C(=O)OC(CH 3 ) 3 ;
から選択される、請求項2に記載の化合物。 - R1が−C(=O)N(R10)(R9)である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1が
(a)−C(=O)N(R10)CH2CH3 ;
(b)−C(=O)N(R 10 )CH 2 Ph;および
(c)−C(=O)N(R 10 )C(CH 3 ) 3
から選択される、請求項4に記載の化合物。 - R10が水素である、請求項4又は5に記載の化合物。
- R10が(C 1 −C 4 )アルキルである、請求項4又は5に記載の化合物。
- R10がメチルである、請求項4又は5に記載の化合物。
- R10がエチルである、請求項4又は5に記載の化合物。
- R2が、水素、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C1−C6)アルキルである、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、水素、−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル、又は−C(=O)(C1−C6)アルキル(C6−C10)アリールである、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、水素、−C(=O)(C1−C4)アルキル、−C(=O)(C1−C4)アルキル(C6−C10)アリール、又は−(C1−C4)アルキルである、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、水素、−C(=O)CH3、−C(=O)CH2CH3、−C(=O)CH2フェニル、−C(=O)CH2CH2フェニル、−CH3、又は−CH2CH3である、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、水素、−C(=O)CH3、−C(=O)CH2CH3、−C(=O)CH2フェニル、又は−C(=O)CH2CH2フェニルである、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が水素である、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が−C(=O)CH3である、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2が−C(=O)CH2フェニルである、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R3が、水素、−CH3、又は−CH2CH3である、請求項1〜17の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R3が−CH3である、請求項1〜17の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R 4 が、水素、−CH3、又は−CH2CH3である、請求項1〜17の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- R 4 が−CH3である、請求項1〜19の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- nが1である、請求項1〜21の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- nが2である、請求項1〜21の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- nが3である、請求項1〜21の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- 前記任意の結合(−−−)が存在し;R5が不在であり;R3、R6及びR8が、それぞれ−CH3であり;R4がHであり;R7がOHであり;nが1である、請求項1〜24の何れか1項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜27の何れか1項に記載の化合物とを、薬学的に許容される担体と組み合わせて含む、薬学的組成物。
- 医学的治療で使用するための、請求項1〜27の何れか1項に記載の化合物を含む、組成物。
- 癌の処置で使用するための、請求項1〜27の何れか1項に記載の化合物を含む、組成物。
- 固形腫瘍の処置で使用するための、請求項1〜27の何れか1項に記載の化合物を含む、組成物。
- 肺癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、乳癌、子宮内膜癌、膀胱癌、腎臓癌、膵臓癌、中枢神経系癌、メラノーマ又は結腸癌である固形腫瘍の処置で使用するための、請求項31に記載の組成物。
- 血液癌の処置で使用するための、請求項1〜27の何れか1項に記載の化合物を含む、組成物。
- 前記血液癌が、B細胞白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、骨髄腫、T細胞白血病、T細胞リンパ腫、小細胞白血病、又は小細胞リンパ腫である、請求項33に記載の組成物。
- 白血病が急性リンパ性白血病(ALL)又は慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)である、請求項33に記載の組成物。
- 哺乳動物における癌の処置のための医薬の調製のための、請求項1〜27の何れか1項に記載の化合物の、使用。
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US70501705P | 2005-08-03 | 2005-08-03 | |
US60/705,017 | 2005-08-03 | ||
PCT/US2006/030439 WO2007019308A2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2006-08-03 | Illudin analogs useful as anticancer agents |
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EP (1) | EP1909783B1 (ja) |
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US5932553A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1999-08-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Illudin analogs useful as antitumor agents |
US10285955B2 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2019-05-14 | Af Chemicals, Llc | Affinity medicant conjugate |
US11135182B2 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2021-10-05 | Af Chemicals, Llc | Affinity medicant conjugates |
WO2015157578A2 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-10-15 | Af Chemicals, Llc | Affinity medicant conjugates |
KR20210087435A (ko) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-07-12 | 랜턴 파마 인코포레이티드 | 일루딘 유사체, 이의 용도, 및 이의 합성 방법 |
CA3116552A1 (en) * | 2018-10-14 | 2020-04-23 | Lantern Pharma Inc. | Methods for the treatment of solid tumor cancers using illudins and biomarkers |
EP3667323A1 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-17 | Kelner, Michael | Methods, compositions and devices for treating cancer with illudofulvenes |
US11591295B2 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2023-02-28 | Af Chemicals Llc | Affinity illudofulvene conjugates |
MX2022012711A (es) * | 2020-04-10 | 2023-01-16 | Lantern Pharma Inc | Hidroxiureametil-acilfulveno para tratar el cáncer de cerebro o el cáncer del snc. |
CN115515571A (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2022-12-23 | 蓝腾制药公司 | 胰腺癌的治疗方法 |
EP4058005A4 (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-05-24 | Lantern Pharma Inc. | METHODS OF TREATMENT OF RABDOID TUMORS |
AU2022269097A1 (en) * | 2021-05-03 | 2023-11-30 | Lantern Pharma Inc. | Method for treating blood cancers |
JP2024528725A (ja) * | 2021-07-29 | 2024-07-30 | ランタン ファルマ インコーポレイテッド | Parp阻害剤及びアシルフルベンの併用によるがんの治療 |
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US4938949A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1990-07-03 | University Of New York | Treatment of damaged bone marrow and dosage units therefor |
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US5932553A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1999-08-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Illudin analogs useful as antitumor agents |
US5723632A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-03-03 | Mgi Pharma, Inc. | Total synthesis of antitumor acylfulvenes |
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US7141603B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2006-11-28 | The Regents Of The University California | Antitumor agents |
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EP1909783A4 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
WO2007019308A2 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
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