JP4981124B2 - 改良型プレノプティック・カメラ - Google Patents
改良型プレノプティック・カメラ Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims 4
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HZFDKBPTVOENNB-GAFUQQFSSA-N N-[(2S)-1-[2-[(2R)-2-chloro-2-fluoroacetyl]-2-[[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl]hydrazinyl]-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C[C@@H](C(NN(C[C@H](CCN2)C2=O)C([C@H](F)Cl)=O)=O)NC(C2=NOC(C(F)F)=C2)=O)CC1 HZFDKBPTVOENNB-GAFUQQFSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
- H04N23/957—Light-field or plenoptic cameras or camera modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
- H04N23/958—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems for extended depth of field imaging
- H04N23/959—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems for extended depth of field imaging by adjusting depth of field during image capture, e.g. maximising or setting range based on scene characteristics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
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- G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
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Description
本発明の例示的一実施形態では、レンズのアレイ114は、図2及び図3に示されたように六角形パターンとして配列された19個のレンズ(f=−100mm)、及び18個のプリズムを含む。中央のレンズがカメラの主軸上に配置されているので、それにはプリズムがないことに注意されたい。主カメラレンズはf/2のf数を有し、これは14°に相当する。このf数に対応するために、図2に示されるように4°、7°、8°の偏向角を有するプリズムが選択される。例示的な実施形態では、レンズは直径が25mmであり、レンズのアレイ114の全幅は125mmである。さらに、アレイは、主レンズ116から250mmの距離に配置される。(この距離は調整できることに注意されたい。)16メガ画素のCCDアレイを用いて、この実施形態では、約600×600画素の最終画像を取り込むことができ、これは、同じカメラ解像度では[Ng05]に記載のカメラよりも4倍の向上である。
本発明の一実施形態は、プリズムだけを使用して、またレンズだけを使用して動作することができるが、レンズとプリズムの両方を使用することが好ましい。このことを示すために、図4に示された7枚の負レンズのアレイと、対応する6枚のプリズムのアレイとを通して何枚かの写真を撮影した。これらのレンズ及びプリズムを使用して、図5に見える例示的なシーンの像を取り込む。
上述のように、本発明は、焦点を再び合わせること、ノイズを低減させること、視角を調整すること、画像の被写界深度を調整することなど、様々な「光フィールド」効果を実現することができる。例えば図9A〜9Cは、どのようにこのシステムの一実施形態で、本発明の一実施形態により写真が撮影された後に、別々の像面に実際上焦点を合わせることができるかを示す。図9Aでは、画像の被写界深度が深く、したがって前景のビンにも背景のチューブにも焦点が合っている。図9Bでは、被写界深度が浅くされ、また像の焦点面がカメラに近い方に設定され、したがって前景のビンには焦点が合っているのに対して、背景のチューブは焦点が外れている。図9Cでは、像の焦点面がカメラから遠い方に設定され、したがって背景のチューブには焦点が合っているのに対して、前景のビンは焦点が外れている。
図10は、本発明の一実施形態によるプレノプティック・カメラ内でどのように光が方向付けられるかを示す流れ図を提示する。まず、カメラの物体フィールドと主レンズの間に配置された光学要素のアレイにおいて、物体フィールド内の被写体からの光が受光される(ステップ1002)。このアレイ内の各光学要素は、ある異なる角度から物体フィールドからの光を受光し、その結果として、物体フィールドの異なるビューを主レンズ中に向ける。
Claims (20)
- 物体フィールド内の被写体からの光を受光し、前記受光した光をカメラの像面上に向ける主レンズと、
前記カメラの前記像面に配置され、前記受光した光を取り込んで画像を生成する光検出器アレイと、
前記物体フィールドと前記主レンズの間に配置された光学要素の多次元アレイとを含むカメラであって、
各光学要素はレンズを含み、前記光学要素のアレイ内の各光学要素が、前記光学要素のアレイ内の他の光学要素とは異なる角度から前記物体フィールドからの光を受光し、その結果として、前記物体フィールドのビューを前記主レンズ中に向け、それによって前記光検出器アレイが、前記光学要素の多次元アレイ内の各光学要素から前記物体フィールドの異なるビューを受像し、
前記物体フィールドの異なるビューのそれぞれは、前記光検出器アレイの異なる位置において受像され、前記物体フィールドの異なるビューよりなる多次元アレイが前記光検出器アレイに生成される、
カメラ。 - 前記カメラの光学軸上にない各光学要素は、さらに前記光学要素の前記レンズと前記主レンズの間に位置する色消しプリズムを含む
請求項1に記載のカメラ。 - 前記各光学要素のレンズが、負の焦点距離を有する負レンズである請求項1に記載のカメラ。
- 前記各光学要素のレンズが、同じ焦点距離を有する色消しレンズである請求項1に記載のカメラ。
- 前記光検出器アレイが電荷結合デバイス(CCD)アレイである請求項1に記載のカメラ。
- 前記光検出器アレイによって受像された前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを処理して最終画像を生成するように構成された処理機構をさらに含む請求項1に記載のカメラ。
- 前記処理機構が、前記最終画像を生成する一方、前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを用いて、
前記最終画像の焦点面と、
前記最終画像の視角と、
前記最終画像の被写界深度と
のうちの1つ又は複数のものを調整するように構成される請求項6に記載のカメラ。 - 前記処理機構が、前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを処理する一方、前記異なるビュー間のビュー・モーフィング操作又は補間操作を行って、前記アレイ内の前記光学要素の位置の間の場所から集められたように見える前記物体フィールドの追加ビューを生成するように構成される、請求項6に記載のカメラ。
- カメラの物体フィールドと主レンズの間に配置された光学要素の多次元アレイで、物体フィールド内の被写体からの光を受光するステップであって、
各光学要素はレンズを含み、前記光学要素のアレイ内の各光学要素が、前記光学要素のアレイ内の他の光学要素とは異なる角度から前記物体フィールドからの光を受光し、その結果として、前記物体フィールドのビューを前記主レンズ中に向けるステップと、
前記光学要素のアレイからの光を、受光した光を前記カメラの像面上に向ける前記主レンズで受光するステップと、
前記主レンズからの光を、前記カメラの像平面に配置された光検出器アレイで受光するステップと
を含む、光を集める方法であって、
前記光検出器アレイが、前記光学要素の多次元アレイ内の各光学要素から前記物体フィールドの異なるビューを受像し、
前記物体フィールドの異なるビューのそれぞれは、前記光検出器アレイの異なる位置において受像され、前記物体フィールドの異なるビューよりなる多次元アレイが前記光検出器アレイに生成される、
方法。 - 前記カメラの光学軸上にない各光学要素は、さらに前記光学要素の前記レンズと前記主レンズの間に位置する色消しプリズムを含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記各光学要素のレンズが、負の焦点距離を有する負レンズである請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記各光学要素のレンズが、同じ焦点距離を有する色消しレンズである請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記光検出器アレイが電荷結合デバイス(CCD)アレイである請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記光検出器アレイによって受像された前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを処理して最終画像を生成するステップをさらに含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記最終画像を生成するステップが、前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを用いて、
前記最終画像の焦点面と、
前記最終画像の視角と、
前記最終画像の被写界深度と
のうちの1つ又は複数のものを調整するステップを含む請求項14に記載の方法。 - 前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを処理するステップが、前記異なるビュー間のビュー・モーフィング操作又は補間操作を行って、前記各光学要素のアレイ内の前記光学要素の位置の間の場所から集められたように見える前記物体フィールドの追加ビューを生成するステップを含む請求項14に記載の方法。
- 物体フィールド内の被写体からの光を受光し、前記受光した光を像面上に向ける主レンズと、
前記像面に配置され、前記受光した光を取り込んで画像を生成する光検出器アレイと、
前記物体フィールドと前記主レンズの間に配置された光学要素の多次元アレイであって、各光学要素はレンズを含み、前記アレイ内の各光学要素が、前記光学要素の多次元アレイ内の他の光学要素とは異なる角度から前記物体フィールドからの光を受光し、その結果として、前記物体フィールドのビューを前記主レンズ中に向け、それによって前記光検出器アレイが、前記光学要素のアレイ内の各光学要素から前記物体フィールドの異なるビューを受像する、光学要素のアレイと、
前記光検出器アレイによって受像された前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを処理して最終画像を生成するように構成された処理機構とを含み、
前記物体フィールドの異なるビューのそれぞれは、前記光検出器アレイの異なる位置において受像され、前記物体フィールドの異なるビューよりなる多次元アレイが前記光検出器アレイに生成される、
撮像システム。 - 前記各光学要素のレンズは色消し負レンズであり、
前記カメラの光学軸上にない各光学要素は、さらに前記光学要素の前記レンズと前記主レンズの間に位置する色消しプリズムを含む請求項17に記載の撮像システム。 - 前記処理機構が、前記最終画像を生成する一方、前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを用いて、
前記最終画像の焦点面と、
前記最終画像の視角と、
前記最終画像の被写界深度と
のうちの1つ又は複数のものを調整するように構成される請求項17に記載の撮像システム。 - 前記処理機構が、前記物体フィールドのそれぞれ異なるビューを処理する一方、前記異なるビュー間のビュー・モーフィング操作又は補間操作を行って、前記光学要素のアレイ内の前記光学要素の位置の間の場所から集められたように見える前記物体フィールドの追加ビューを生成するように構成される請求項17に記載の撮像システム。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/398,403 | 2006-04-04 | ||
US11/398,403 US7620309B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | Plenoptic camera |
PCT/US2007/065855 WO2007115281A1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2007-04-03 | Improved plenoptic camera |
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JP2009532993A JP2009532993A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
JP4981124B2 true JP4981124B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
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US (2) | US7620309B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2008445B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4981124B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090016453A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101455071B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007115281A1 (ja) |
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WO2007115281A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
US7620309B2 (en) | 2009-11-17 |
JP2009532993A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
US20070230944A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
US20100020187A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
CN101455071B (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
US8238738B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
EP2008445B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP2008445A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
KR20090016453A (ko) | 2009-02-13 |
CN101455071A (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
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