JP4977408B2 - Method and apparatus for crushing and reducing volume of building materials containing asbestos - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing and volume reduction processing method and apparatus for crushing and reducing the volume of building materials containing asbestos such as slate.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a building material such as a building roofing material and interior / exterior materials, for example, a slate produced by mixing and molding an appropriate amount of asbestos into cement is known. The slate produced with this asbestos was generally used to exert advantages in various aspects such as strength, heat resistance, heat insulation, sound insulation, etc. Health damage is becoming a social problem, and its production and use are being regulated.

  As buildings using such slate containing asbestos are aging in the future, it is expected that repair work and demolition work will increase, but a large amount of slate waste material will be generated with such work. In order to prevent harmful asbestos from scattering into the atmosphere from slate waste, the general method currently used is to carefully remove the slate one by one by hand so as not to crush the slate as much as possible. After being dismantled, it is transported to the final disposal site and landfilled as it is, or brought to a recycling plant for recycling.

  However, if different types of slate are transported as they are without being crushed at the site of dismantling, they will be bulky, resulting in poor transport efficiency. In addition, if the slate is crushed with some beat during transport, asbestos may be scattered. Moreover, it becomes bulky if it is disposed in the ground as it is without being crushed.

By the way, in patent document 1 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 4-18974), the crushing machine is aimed at preventing scattering of asbestos while spraying a liquid such as water in a sealed space in which a cement pipe containing asbestos is kept in a negative pressure state. It is described that it is finely crushed and solidified with concrete or the like.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-18974

  However, when the asbestos-containing building materials and the like are crushed with a crusher and volume-reduced, as in the invention of Patent Document 1, the liquid to be crushed is sprayed with a liquid such as water to be crushed after being sufficiently wet. However, it is thought that asbestos scattering cannot be completely eliminated.

  This invention makes it a subject to provide the crushing volume reduction processing method and apparatus of an asbestos containing building material which can crush and reduce volume without scattering asbestos in view of said point.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for crushing and reducing the volume of asbestos-containing building material according to claim 1 according to the present invention includes a crushing means for crushing asbestos-containing building material inside the casing , and guiding the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means. And a guide roller that feeds the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means while pressing the asbestos-containing building material against the guide material, and stores a dust-proof liquid in the casing so that at least the crushing means is immersed, The asbestos-containing building material is fed into the crushing means along the guide material while pressing the asbestos-containing building material inside the casing, and the asbestos-containing building material is crushed by the crushing means while being immersed in the liquid.

Moreover, the crushing and volume reduction processing apparatus for asbestos-containing building materials according to claim 2 includes a crushing means for crushing asbestos-containing building materials in the casing, a guide material for guiding the asbestos-containing building materials to the crushing means , and the asbestos-containing building materials. A supply means comprising a guide roller that is fed into the crushing means while being pressed against the guide material, and a delivery means for sending out a crushed piece of asbestos-containing building material crushed by the crushing means to the outside of the casing. It is characterized by storing a dust-proof liquid so that at least the crushing means is immersed, and crushing asbestos-containing building materials in the liquid.

  Moreover, in the crushing and volume reduction processing apparatus for asbestos-containing building materials according to claim 3, the crushing means arranges at least a pair of crushing rollers having a plurality of crushing teeth around the roller body at a predetermined interval. In addition, a drive device for rotating each crushing roller at a predetermined rotational speed is provided.

The asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the asbestos-containing building material loading slit into the casing is an open / close gate that opens and closes the slit manually or automatically. It is characterized by comprising a.

  Moreover, in the crushing and volume reduction processing apparatus for asbestos-containing building material according to claim 5, the delivery means is provided with a base end portion at the bottom of the casing, while a tip end on the delivery destination side is at least stored inside the casing. The screw conveyor is characterized in that it is inclined so as to be higher than the liquid level.

  The asbestos-containing building material crushing and reducing apparatus according to claim 6 is characterized in that a sprayer for spraying a dustproof liquid is provided inside the casing and / or inside the delivery means.

  The asbestos-containing building material crushing and reducing apparatus according to claim 7 is characterized in that the casing has a substantially sealed structure, and further includes negative pressure means for maintaining the inside of the casing in a negative pressure state.

According to the method for crushing and reducing the volume of asbestos-containing building material according to claim 1 according to the present invention, the crushing means for crushing asbestos-containing building material in the casing , the guide material for guiding the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means, A guide roller that feeds into the crushing means while pressing the asbestos-containing building material against the guide material, and at least a dust-proof liquid is stored inside the casing so that the crushing means is immersed, and the casing contains asbestos. The building material is sent to the crushing means along the guide material while being pressed by the guide roller , and the asbestos-containing building material is crushed by the crushing means while being immersed in the liquid. is fed to the crusher along a timber is reliably crushed, scattering of asbestos The asbestos-containing building materials can be crushed volume reduction process while indeed prevention.

Moreover, according to the crushing volume reduction processing apparatus of asbestos containing building materials of Claim 2 which concerns on this invention, the crushing means for asbestos containing building materials crushing inside a casing, and the guide material which guides asbestos containing building materials to this crushing means , And a supply means comprising a guide roller for sending the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means while pressing the asbestos-containing building material, and a sending means for sending the crushed pieces of the asbestos-containing building material crushed by the crushing means to the outside of the casing. Since the dust-preserving liquid is stored in the casing so that at least the crushing means is immersed, and the asbestos-containing building material is crushed in the liquid, the asbestos-containing building material is pressed along with the guide material while being pressed by the guide roller. is fed to the crusher is reliably crushed, it is reliably prevented Shinano scattering of asbestos into the atmosphere The asbestos-containing building materials can be crushed volume reduction processing.

  Moreover, according to the asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention, the crushing means includes a crushing roller having a plurality of crushing teeth provided around the roller body at predetermined intervals. At least one pair or more and a drive device that rotates each crushing roller at a predetermined rotational speed are provided, so that the crushing teeth of the crushing roller are bitten into the asbestos-containing building material in a dust-proof liquid, so that it is relatively static. The asbestos is not scattered into the atmosphere.

Further, according to the asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention, the slit for asbestos-containing building material charging into the casing is manually or automatically provided with the slit. Because it has an open / close gate that can be opened and closed , the asbestos can be prevented from scattering into the atmosphere by always closing it except when supplying asbestos-containing building materials .

  According to the asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention, the delivery means includes a base end portion at the casing bottom portion, and a distal end portion on the delivery destination side is at least a casing. Since it is a screw conveyor that is inclined so as to be higher than the level of the dust-proof liquid stored in the interior, excess liquid is attached to the fragments of asbestos-containing building materials that have been crushed in the dust-proof liquid. It can be recovered while cutting, making it convenient for volume reduction and handling.

  Moreover, according to the asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention, the inside of the casing and / or the inside of the delivery means is provided with a sprayer for spraying a dustproof liquid. Asbestos can be more reliably prevented from being scattered by spraying the liquid in the process and the delivery process.

  Moreover, according to the asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing apparatus according to claim 7 of the present invention, the casing has a substantially hermetically sealed structure, and has negative pressure means for keeping the inside of the casing in a negative pressure state. Asbestos can be reliably prevented from scattering into the atmosphere.

  The asbestos-containing building material crushing and volume reducing treatment method and apparatus according to the present invention includes a substantially sealed casing, and the casing is a roller body as a crushing means for crushing asbestos-containing building material, for example, slate. A pair of crushing rollers provided with a large number of crushing teeth around them is disposed at a predetermined interval, and a driving device is provided for rotating each crushing roller at a predetermined rotation speed. Further, as supply means for supplying the slate to the crushing roller, a guide material for guiding the slate toward the crushing roller, and a guide for feeding the slate between the crushing rollers while pressing the slate against the guide material with a constant pressure. And a roller. Furthermore, as a sending means for sending the slate crushed pieces that have been crushed to the outside of the casing, the base end portion is arranged at the bottom of the casing, and the tip end side of the delivery destination is inclined so as to be higher than the casing. A screw conveyor is provided.

  In addition, for example, water is stored in the casing as a dustproof liquid so that at least the entire crushing roller is completely immersed. Moreover, the sprayer for water spraying is provided in the inside of the casing, and is always sprayed or appropriately sprayed for dustproof treatment. Further, in the vicinity of the casing, a high-performance dust collector capable of reliably capturing even very fine particles such as asbestos, for example, is provided as a negative pressure means for constantly maintaining the inside of the casing in a negative pressure state. Furthermore, in order to maintain the inside of the casing in a more stable negative pressure state, the slate supply location of the casing is made into a slit shape that approximates the shape of the slate, and the slit portion is provided with an open / close gate, except when the slate is supplied Is trying to close.

  And when crushing slate, which is an asbestos-containing building material, for example, first, while spraying the water from the sprayer while driving the dust collector and keeping the inside of the casing in a negative pressure state, The guide roller and screw conveyor are driven. Then, after holding the slate collected at the dismantling site one by one in the hand and placing it on the guide material, the operator opens the slit opening / closing gate, which is the slate supply port, manually or automatically. It is guided by the roller and the guide material and is gradually fed between the crushing rollers, and is broken into fine pieces by being bitten by the crushing teeth of the upper and lower crushing rollers.

  At this time, since the entire crushing roller is immersed in the dust-proof water, asbestos in the slate is not scattered into the atmosphere due to impact of crushing the slate. In the unlikely event that some asbestos soars into the air in the casing, there is no risk of leakage from the inside of the casing maintained in a negative pressure state to the outside atmosphere. Captured by water sprayed while floating, or captured by a dust collector.

  The slate fragments that have been crushed by the crushing roller have a higher specific gravity than the water stored in the casing, and thus settle down into the water at the bottom of the casing, and the band is moved by the screw conveyor provided at the bottom of the casing. It is sent out while properly cutting off the moisture to be processed, sealed in a flexible container bag, etc., and then transported to a final disposal site or recycling factory.

  In this way, asbestos-containing building materials such as slate are crushed and reduced in dust-proof water, so that asbestos can be reliably prevented from scattering into the atmosphere. Further, if the inside of the casing is always kept at a negative pressure during crushing or if a dust-proof liquid is sprayed, asbestos can be more reliably prevented from scattering into the atmosphere.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an asbestos-containing building material crushing and reducing treatment apparatus for crushing and reducing the volume of asbestos-containing building material to an appropriate size, and includes a casing 2 having a substantially hermetically sealed structure. The crushing means 3 that crushes the slate S, for example, which is one of the building materials, is provided, and the crushing process is finished by the supply means 4 that supplies the slate S to the crushing means 3 in the casing 2 and the crushing means 3. The slate crushing piece S ′ is provided with a sending means 5 for feeding the casing 2 to the outside.

  The crushing means 3 includes a pair of crushing rollers 8 and 8 'each having a plurality of crushing teeth 7 and 7' provided around a roller body 6 and 6 'rotatably supported at both ends on the inner wall of the casing 2 at a predetermined interval. And a drive device (not shown) for rotating the crushing rollers 8 and 8 'in the direction of the arrow in the drawing at a predetermined rotational speed.

  If the distance between the crushing rollers 8 and 8 'is set slightly narrower than the thickness of the slate S to be crushed, crushing can be suitably performed. For example, one crushing roller 8' is connected to the other crushing roller 8. If it is possible to adjust it so as to be able to advance and retreat, it is preferable because it can flexibly cope with a wide variety of slate S having different thicknesses and shapes. In this embodiment, a pair of crushing rollers 8 and 8 'are provided, but more than that may be provided.

  Further, the crushing teeth 7 and 7 'around the crushing rollers 8 and 8' can be various in number, shape, etc. For example, in this embodiment, the crushing rollers 8 and the lower crushing rollers 8 are substantially omitted. A sawtooth shape is used, and a substantially cylindrical shape is used for the upper crushing roller 8 '. When the slate S is supplied between the crushing rollers 8, 8 ′, the crushing teeth 7 of the lower crushing roller 8 bite into the slate S from the lower surface side of the slate S, and at the same time, the upper crushing roller The 8 ′ crushing teeth 7 ′ are crushed so as to press the upper surface side of the slate S, so that the slate S can be reliably crushed.

  In the casing 2, for example, water W is stored as a dust-proof liquid, and as shown in FIG. 1, an amount of water is stored so that at least the entire crushing rollers 8 and 8 'are completely immersed. Therefore, the crushing process of the slate S is completely performed in the water W, and asbestos does not scatter in the atmosphere at the time of crushing the slate S, but is surely settled in the water W and collected. Is done.

  In the present embodiment, water is used as the dust-proof liquid in terms of ease of handling and cost. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is possible to reliably prevent asbestos from being scattered in the atmosphere. For example, if a special treatment solution that detoxifies asbestos, which has been developed in recent years, is adopted, asbestos can be detoxified at the same time as slate S crushing. It is convenient for landfill disposal of S 'and reuse as a recycled material. Further, if it is limited to landfill disposal, mortar can be adopted instead of water or the like. In that case, solidification can be performed together with dust prevention.

  The supply means 4 includes a guide member 9 that guides the slate S so as to go between the crushing rollers 8 and 8 ′, and a crushing roller while pressing the slate S against the upper surface of the guide member 9 with a constant pressure. A guide roller 10 that feeds between 8 and 8 'is provided. In addition, a slit 11 that approximates the thickness and shape of the slate S to be supplied is provided at an attachment location of the guide material 9 of the casing 2, and an opening / closing gate 12 that opens or closes the slit 11 manually or automatically is provided. Always close except when slate S is supplied.

  The delivery means 5 employs a screw conveyor 13 in this embodiment, and connects the inlet 14 on the base end side to the bottom of the casing 2 and at least the discharge port 15 on the tip end side. Inclinedly arranged so as to be higher than the water level of the water W stored in the casing 2, and as shown in FIG. 1, the water W is stored in the screw conveyor 13 to the same height as the casing 2. It has become. Then, when the slate crushed pieces S ′ crushed by the crushing rollers 8 and 8 ′ are sent out by the screw blades 16, the water adhering to the slate crushed pieces S ′ is cut from the peripheral edge of the screw blades 16. The flexible container bag F is put in a convenient state in post-processing. In addition, in the screw conveyor 13, the role as a secondary crushing device can be expected together with the feeding action.

  Further, a dust collector 17 which is a negative pressure means for keeping the inside of the casing 2 in a negative pressure state is disposed above the casing 2, and the dust collector 17 has a high capacity capable of reliably capturing fine particles such as asbestos. The one with the performance is adopted. The dust collector 17 is always driven when the slate S is crushed, the interior of the casing 2 is always kept in a negative pressure state, and asbestos may be discharged to the outside of the casing 2 by any chance during the slate S crushing process. I am trying not to.

  The casing 2 is provided with a sprayer 18 for spraying water W, which is a dust-proof liquid, and sprayed constantly or appropriately to prevent the asbestos from being scattered more reliably together with the dust collector 17. I am doing so. For example, if a special processing solution that renders asbestos harmless is employed as the dust-proof liquid stored in the casing 2, the same processing solution may be sprayed from the sprayer 18 as well. . Further, the liquid level of the dust-proof liquid in the casing 2 is always almost constant while measuring the amount of the dust-proof liquid carried away together with the slate crushing pieces S ′ on the screw conveyor 13 or by measuring with a liquid level sensor or the like. It is advisable to spray the dust-proof liquid from the sprayer 18 so as to keep it constant. Furthermore, a sprayer may be similarly attached to the inside of the screw conveyor 13 so that the dust-proof liquid is sprayed constantly or appropriately.

  When the asbestos-containing building material such as slate is crushed and reduced in volume using the apparatus having the above-described configuration, the dust-proof water W is stored in the casing 2 in advance until the crushing rollers 8 and 8 'are completely immersed. Let me. The dust collector 17 is driven to spray the water W from the sprayer 18 while keeping the inside of the casing 2 in a negative pressure state, and the crushing rollers 8 and 8 ′, the guide roller 10, and the screw conveyor 13 are driven to rotate. Then, after the operator holds the collected slate S one by one in the hand and places it on the guide material 9, the operator opens the opening / closing gate 12 of the slit 11 serving as the slate supply port manually or automatically. As the guide roller 10 rotates, it is gradually fed between the crushing rollers 8 and 8 'and is bitten by the crushing teeth 7 and 7' of the crushing rollers 8 and 8 '.

  At this time, since the crushing rollers 8 and 8 ′ are in a state of being immersed in the dust-proof water W, the slate S is subjected to a crushing process in a state of being immersed in the water W, and the Asbestos is not scattered into the atmosphere. Moreover, even if it happens that asbestos soars into the air in the casing 2, the inside of the casing 2 is kept in a negative pressure state by the dust collector 17, so is captured by the dust collector 17, The water W sprayed from the sprayer 18 does not leak out to the outside. Then, when the crushing process of the slate S gradually proceeds from the tip side and the slate S is put into the casing 2, the opening / closing gate 12 is closed manually or automatically to close the slit 11.

  On the other hand, the slate crushed pieces S ′ that have been crushed by the crushing rollers 8 and 8 ′ settle into the water W at the bottom of the casing 2, reach the inlet 14 of the screw conveyor 13, and rotate the screw blades 16. As a result, they are sequentially sent to the discharge port 15 on the front end side. Since the tip end side of the screw conveyor 13 is inclined so as to be positioned higher than the water surface, the moisture associated with the slate fragment S ′ can be cut appropriately.

  Thus, the wet slate crushed pieces S ′ delivered from the screw conveyor 13 are encapsulated in the prepared flexible container bag F, etc., and then transported to a final disposal site or a recycling plant without scattering asbestos. .

  Thus, the asbestos-containing building material is crushed and reduced in the dust-proof liquid, so that the asbestos can be crushed and reduced very well without scattering the asbestos into the atmosphere.

  In addition, as a post-treatment of the slate crushed pieces that have been crushed, for example, after asbestos is detoxified by firing at a high temperature of about 1000 to 1500 ° C. in a firing furnace, it is disposed of in landfills or reused as a recycled material. However, the recovered slate crushed pieces are moderately water-removed and the firing temperature is as high as about 1000 to 1500 ° C., so that they can be processed without any problems.

  In addition, if this crushing and volume reduction processing device is of a size that can be mounted on a vehicle, the device itself is loaded onto the loading platform of the vehicle and transported to the building demolition site, and asbestos remains loaded on the loading platform. It is also possible to crush and reduce the contained building materials, and it is also possible to crush and reduce the volume by lowering the apparatus to the site. In addition, it can be fixedly installed in a specific treatment plant or the like for crushing and volume reduction treatment.

It is explanatory drawing which shows one Example of the crushing volume reduction processing apparatus of the asbestos containing building material which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushing volume reduction processing apparatus of asbestos containing building materials 2 ... Casing 3 ... Crushing means 4 ... Supply means 5 ... Sending means 6, 6 '... Roller body (crushing means) 7, 7' ... Crushing teeth (crushing means)
8, 8 '... crushing roller (crushing means) 9 ... guide material (supplying means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Guide roller (supply means) 11 ... Slit 12 ... Opening / closing gate 13 ... Screw conveyor (delivery means)
16 ... Dust collector (negative pressure means) 17 ... Sprayer F ... Flexible container bag S ... Slate (building material containing asbestos)
S '... slate fragment W ... water (dust-proof liquid)

Claims (7)

A crushing means for crushing asbestos-containing building material in the casing, a guide material for guiding the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means, and a guide roller for feeding the crushing means while pressing the asbestos-containing building material against the guide material, A dust-proof liquid is stored in the casing so that at least the crushing means is immersed, and the asbestos-containing building material is held in the casing by a guide roller while being sent to the crushing means along the guide material and immersed in the liquid. A method for crushing and reducing an asbestos-containing building material, wherein the asbestos-containing building material is crushed by a crushing means. Supply means comprising a crushing means for crushing asbestos-containing building material inside the casing, a guide material that guides the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means, and a guide roller that sends the asbestos-containing building material to the crushing means while pressing it against the guide material And an asbestos-containing building material that has been crushed by the crushing means, and a sending means for sending out the crushed pieces of the asbestos-containing building material to the outside of the casing. A crushing and volume reduction processing apparatus for asbestos-containing building materials, characterized by crushing in a liquid.   The crushing means includes at least a pair of crushing rollers having a plurality of crushing teeth provided around a roller body at a predetermined interval, and a driving device that rotates each crushing roller at a predetermined rotation speed. The apparatus for crushing and reducing the volume of an asbestos-containing building material according to claim 2. The asbestos-containing building material according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the slit for introducing asbestos-containing building material into the casing is provided with an open / close gate that opens and closes the slit manually or automatically. Crushing volume reduction processing equipment. The delivery means is a screw conveyor that is provided with a base end portion at the bottom of the casing, and is inclined so that a tip portion on the delivery destination side is at least higher than the liquid level of the dust-proof liquid stored in the casing. The crushing and volume reduction processing apparatus for asbestos-containing building materials according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein The apparatus for crushing and reducing the volume of asbestos-containing building materials according to any one of claims 2 to 5 , further comprising a sprayer that sprays a dust-proof liquid inside the casing and / or the delivery means. The apparatus for crushing and reducing the volume of asbestos-containing building materials according to any one of claims 2 to 6 , wherein the casing has a substantially sealed structure and is provided with a negative pressure means for maintaining the inside of the casing in a negative pressure state.

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