JP4966887B2 - プラズマ反応器、及びプラズマ反応装置 - Google Patents
プラズマ反応器、及びプラズマ反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4966887B2 JP4966887B2 JP2008033458A JP2008033458A JP4966887B2 JP 4966887 B2 JP4966887 B2 JP 4966887B2 JP 2008033458 A JP2008033458 A JP 2008033458A JP 2008033458 A JP2008033458 A JP 2008033458A JP 4966887 B2 JP4966887 B2 JP 4966887B2
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- plasma reactor
- electrode
- honeycomb electrode
- honeycomb
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Images
Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/4697—Generating plasma using glow discharges
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
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- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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Description
カウンターフロー型熱交換器一体型ハニカムハイブリッド反応器の作製:
四角柱形状の炭化珪素(SiC)で形成されたハニカム構造体を一辺が20mmの正六角形にカット(図5参照)し、左側第一端部(図1参照)を1セルごとに5mm深く掘り下げ(図7参照)、その溝を天井から1.5mm〜2mm程目封じ材で塞いだ(図6参照)。右側第一端部(図1参照)は、左側第一端部と違う交互セルを5mm深く掘り下げその溝を天井から1.5mm〜2mm程目封じ材で塞いだ。また、左側第二端部(図1参照)を右側第一端部で掘り下げた同じセルを1セルごとに5mm深く掘り下げその溝を天井から1.5mm〜2mm程目封じ材で塞いだ。右側第二端部(図1参照)は左側第二端部と違う交互セルを5mm深く掘り下げその溝を天井から1.5mm〜2mm程目封じ材で塞いだ。こうしてハニカム電極10を得た。なお、ハニカム電極を形成する炭化珪素は、Siを含浸し、密度3.0g/cm3で、熱伝導率が150W/m・Kで電気抵抗が0.1Ω・cmであった。
カウンターフロー型熱交換器一体型触媒担持ハニカムハイブリッド反応器の作製:
硝酸ニッケル(Ni(NO3)2)溶液に微粉アルミナ(比表面積107m2/g)を含浸させ、120℃乾燥後、大気中550℃で3時間焼成して、アルミナに対してニッケル(Ni)を10質量%含有するNi/アルミナ粉末を得た。これにアルミナゾルと水を加えた後、硝酸溶液でpH4に調整してスラリーを得た。前記スラリーに実施例1と同様のハニカム電極10を浸潰させ、120℃乾燥後、窒素雰囲気中550℃で1時間焼成を経てカウンターフロー型熱交換器一体型触媒担持ハニカムハイブリッド反応器(プラズマ反応器1)を作製した。実施例では、プラズマ反応器1を負極に使用した。この時、プラズマ反応器1に担持したNi量は25g/Lとした。
炭化珪素のハニカム電極10(負極)の代わりに、放電電極20と同様の線状電極を設置し、一対の線状電極を用いたプラズマ反応器を作製すると共に、本実施例と同一条件でi−C8H18の改質試験を行った。この時、電極間距離を15mmとした。尚、排ガスをプラズマ反応器へ導入する代わりに、電気炉の中にプラズマ反応器を設置した。電気炉の加熱温度は、プラズマ反応器から排出された改質ガスの温度が実施例と同じなるように設定した。
更に、負極となる線状電極側には粒子表面に10質量%Ni/アルミナ触媒が担持されたペレット(径2mmΦ、担持体はチタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3))を充填した。この際、ペレット表面に担持されたNi量が実施例のNi量と同じになるように触媒担持ペレットを線状電極側に充填した。この際、触媒担持ペレットは線状電極(負極)の先端が5mmほどが出るように充填した。
実施例1に示す熱交換器一体型ハニカムハイブリッド反応器、及び実施例2に示す熱交換器一体型触媒担持ハニカムハイブリッド反応器を用いて炭化水素の改質試験を行った。この時、炭化水素にはイソオクタン(i−C8H18)を用いた。改質方法は、i−C8H18の部分酸化反応である。i−C8H18は液体のため、予め反応器に導入するガスを290℃に加熱し、その中に高圧マイクロフィーダー(古江サイエンス(株)製JP−H型)を使って規定量のi−C8H18を注入、気化させた。燃料添加モデルガス(第一のガス)は、i−C8H18:2000ppm、O2:8000ppm、残部N2ガスで構成されるものを使用し、各反応器の燃料添加ガス用配管側へ導入した。この時、燃料添加モデルガスの空間速度(SV)は各反応器のプラズマ発生空間に対して8万h−1とした。
H2収率(%)=H2発生量(ppm)/モデルガス中のi−C8H18量(ppm)×9 (式1)
併せて、触媒担持無し反応器を用いて、同一条件で水素生成実験を行った。表1に実施例1、2、及び比較例1、2で生成した改質ガスの測定結果を示す。
Claims (15)
- 隔壁によってガスの流路となる複数のセルが区画形成され、前記セルによって、第一のガスが流通する第一ガス流通部と、第二のガスを流通させることにより前記第二のガスの熱を前記第一ガス流通部に付与して前記第一のガスの反応を促進させるための第二ガス流通部とが形成されており、かつ導電性材料によって形成されて電極として機能するハニカム電極と、
そのハニカム電極に対向するように配置され、前記ハニカム電極との間で放電し、前記第一のガスを反応させるための放電電極と、を備え、
前記第一ガス流通部のガス導入口が前記ハニカム電極のセル連通方向の前記放電電極側の第一端部に、ガス排出口が前記ハニカム電極のセル連通方向の前記放電電極側とは反対側の第二端部に設けられており、
前記第二ガス流通部のガス導入口が前記ハニカム電極の前記第二端部に、ガス排出口が前記ハニカム電極の第一端部に設けられており、
前記ハニカム電極と前記放電電極との間にて放電を起こしつつ、前記第一のガスを電極間から前記ハニカム電極内の前記第一ガス流通部に導入して前記第一のガスを反応させ、かつ前記第二のガスを前記ハニカム電極内の前記第二ガス流通部に導入することにより、前記第二のガスの熱を前記第一ガス流通部に伝達して前記第一のガスの反応を促進させるプラズマ反応器。 - 前記放電電極の放電先端が、針状、または棒状である請求項1に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記ハニカム電極を形成する前記導電性材料は、導電性セラミックスを含む請求項1または2に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記導電性セラミックスは、金属−セラミックス複合材料からなるものである請求項3に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記導電性セラミックスは、炭化珪素を含む請求項3または4に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記ハニカム電極は、その熱伝導率が10〜300W/mKのものである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 一方向に並んだ複数のセルによって形成される第一のセル列が前記第一ガス流通部とされ、
前記第一のセル列と並列する複数のセルによって形成される第二のセル列が前記第二ガス流通部とされ、
前記第一ガス流通部と前記第二ガス流通部とが前記セル列によって交互に設けられている請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器。 - 前記第一ガス流通部の前記ガス導入口と前記第二ガス流通部の前記ガス導入口とが、前記セル連通方向において対向する位置に設けられ、
前記第一ガス流通部の前記ガス排出口と前記第二ガス流通部の前記ガス排出口とが、前記セル連通方向において対向する位置に設けられ、
異なるセル列において、前記第一のガスと前記第二のガスとが交差するように流通している請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器。 - 前記第一のセル列において、前記ハニカム電極の前記第一端部の所定の領域が閉塞されて、残余の領域が前記ガス導入口とされ、前記第二端部の前記第一端部の残余の領域に対向する領域が閉塞されて、前記第一端部の所定の領域に対向する領域が前記ガス排出口とされ、
前記第二のセル列において、前記ハニカム電極の第二端部の所定の領域が閉塞されて、残余の領域が前記ガス導入口とされ、第一端部の前記第二端部の残余の領域に対向する領域が閉塞されて、前記第二端部の所定の領域に対向する領域が前記ガス排出口とされ、
閉塞されている領域の前記セルの前記隔壁の端部は、閉塞されていない領域の前記セルの前記隔壁に比べて掘り下げられて形成されており、掘り下げられた前記隔壁と閉塞するために形成された目封止部との間にガス流通部が形成されている請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器。 - 前記目封止部と前記隔壁とが接合した接合部が形成されており、前記接合部によって前記ガスの流れる向きを蛇行させてガスの流通経路が長くなるように形成された請求項9に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記ハニカム電極の前記第一ガス流通部に触媒が担持されている請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記ハニカム電極の前記第二ガス流通部に触媒が担持されている請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記触媒が、貴金属、アルミニウム、ニッケル、ジルコニウム、チタン、セリウム、コバルト、マンガン、亜鉛、銅、スズ、鉄、ニオブ、マグネシウム、ランタン、サマリウム、ビスマス、及びバリウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも一種の元素を含有する物質からなるものである請求項11または12に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 前記触媒の前記貴金属が、白金、ロジウム、パラジウム、ルテニウム、インジウム、銀及び金からなる群より選択された少なくとも一種の元素を含有する物質からなるものである請求項13に記載のプラズマ反応器。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ反応器とパルス半値幅を1マイクロ秒以下に制御できるパルス電源とを組み合わせたプラズマ反応装置。
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US12/368,671 US8053992B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2009-02-10 | Plasma reactor and plasma reaction apparatus |
EP09250330A EP2092977A3 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2009-02-11 | Plasma reactor with a honeycomb electrode |
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US8994270B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2015-03-31 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | System and methods for plasma application |
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JP6373035B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-08-15 | 株式会社Nbcメッシュテック | ガス処理装置 |
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WO2021110811A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Endothermic reaction of a feed gas heated by resistance heating |
US20230032787A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2023-02-02 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Endothermic reaction of a feed gas heated by resistance heating |
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US5416057A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-05-16 | Corning Incorporated | Coated alternating-flow heat exchanges and method of making |
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