JP4964125B2 - 反芻動物のルーメン発酵に影響を及ぼし、かつエネルギーおよびタンパク質の保持を改善する植物、植物抽出物、および植物からの天然同一成分の使用 - Google Patents
反芻動物のルーメン発酵に影響を及ぼし、かつエネルギーおよびタンパク質の保持を改善する植物、植物抽出物、および植物からの天然同一成分の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
i)クナウチア・アルベンシス、クマコケモモ、およびハンニチバナおよびそれらの抽出物からの植物材料と、
ii)ヒナギク、クローブバッド、オリーブ、スイカズラおよびヒレハリソウおよびそれらの抽出物からの植物材料と、
iii)ヒメヒレアザミ、ヤマナラシ、およびセイタカダイオウおよびそれらの抽出物からの植物材料と、
iv)レタス(Latuca sativa)およびネトルおよびそれらの抽出物からの植物材料と
からなる群の各々から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含有する。
i)〜iv)の群に属する成分の総量は適切には20〜100重量%であり、好ましくは本発明により存在する成分の総量の40〜100重量%である。
a)0〜80乾燥重量%の穀類、
b)0〜30乾燥重量%の油脂、
c)0〜85乾燥重量%の穀類以外の種類のタンパク質含有栄養物、および
d)10ppm〜40乾燥重量%の本発明の成分。
a)〜d)の総量は、好ましくは、少なくとも50乾燥重量%である。
[14C]ロイシン標識セレノモナス・ルミナンチューム(Selenomonas ruminantium)(S.ルミナンチューム)の分解速度を、以前に記載されているように(ウォリス(Wallace)とマックフェルソン(McPherson)、1987年)、5mM非標識L−ロイシンの存在下に標識S.ルミナンチュームで染色ルーメン液をインビトロでインキュベートすることによって測定した。これらの条件下、大多数の細菌タンパク質分解は繊毛原虫による細菌の摂取および消化によって引き起こされる。試料は、他に記述がない限り、5mg/mlの濃度で添加された。ヒツジには混合干草、すなわち濃縮食を与えた(フルムホルツ(Frumholtz)ら、1989年)。
試料をコールマンバッファー、ルーメン液、または水とともに24時間、プレインキュベーションにかけ、次いでその後に上述した細菌分解アッセイで新鮮ルーメン液でインキュベートした。
方法1.同じヒツジからの染色ルーメン液を使用し、ウォリス(Wallace(1983年)の14C−カゼイン法を使用してタンパク質分解活性を測定した。試料を2.5mg/mlの最終濃度まで添加し、1時間のインキュベーション時間を使用した。
発酵に対する一般的効果のホーエンハイム法
実験計画法:
インキュベーション系:リーディング・プレッシャー・テクニック(RPT)、75ml、総実行時間24時間
ドナー動物:非分泌乳期ホルスタイン乳牛3頭
基礎基質:牧草サイレージ0.750g(対照)
試験植物の含有レベル:10%(置換サイレージ)
ガスリーディング:2、4、6、8、10、12、16、24時間
サンプリング:SCFAおよびTDには24時間(ナイロンバッグ中NDS処置)
SCFA(900μl)およびRNA(300μl、分析最大値)には6、8、10時間
平行:2通りで3つの独立した実行(3種類のドナー動物)
インビトロインキュベーション
8:00時および16:00時に2つの同じ分量で給餌される維持において牧草サイレージ干草混合物を与えられた挿管乳牛からルーメン液を採取した。ルーメン液を魔法瓶に供給する前に採取し、100μmナイロンネットにろ過し、還元バッファー鉱液に添加した。すべてのステップを39℃でCO2下に行い、嫌気性状態を維持した。
ガス圧はRPT系の血清瓶で記録され、実験的に測定された較正曲線を使用して体積へ変換される。各々の測定後、ガスは血清瓶から放出される。インビトロの真の消化率は、インキュベーション内容物を予め秤量したポリエステルバッグ(アンコム(Ankom)51μm孔径)に移すことによって測定された。バッグは熱シールされ、中性清浄液中で1時間煮沸され、105℃で一夜乾燥され、これを消化率の測定のために秤量した。SCFAは、GP10%SP1000 1%H3PO4、クロモソブ(Chromosob)WAW(サペルコ社(Suppelco Inc.)、Bellafonte、ペンシルベニア(PA))でパックされたステンレス鋼カラムを使用するガスクロマトグラフィーによって測定された。インキュベーション上清0.9mlに内部基準(1%メチルブトリル(Methylbutryric)酸)を含有するギ酸0.1mlを添加した。タンパク質を4℃で一夜沈殿させた。試料を遠心分離し(30,000g、10分、4℃)、上清を適切なGCバイアルへ分析のために採取した。
一連の13連続発酵を毎週1回、リーディング・プレッシャー・テクニック[RPT]を使用して行い、発酵に対するこれら試験材料を含めることからの潜在的な効果、および基礎試料[トウモロコシサイレージ]の分解特性を確認した。β−ミルセン[含有レベル10および40mg g−1]を除く全試料を3通に、2つの含有レベル[100および400mg g−1DM基質]で検査した。トウモロコシサイレージを予備乾燥し、2mm篩に通るように粉砕した。全部で1.0gの混合基質[サイレージ+基質]を各々の発酵フラスコに配置した。次いで、緩衝化インキュベーション培地[90ml]を添加し、フラスコを密閉し、一夜室温下に保存した。調製ルーメン液での接種前に、フラスコ内容物を39℃に上昇させた。トウモロコシ/牧草サイレージを濃縮物[60:40]の割当量で自由に与えた泌乳期乳牛2頭から給餌前[07:00時]にルーメン液を手動で[用手圧搾内容物]得た。液体を2層のモスリンにろ過し、CO2下に39℃で使用するまで保持した。調製液10mlを各々のフラスコに添加し、これらを試験期間中39℃でインキュベートした。6つの陰性対照[緩衝化培地+ルーメン液のみ]を各々の実行に含め、直接のルーメン液効果に対するガス値および分解残留物を補正した。また、非補充トウモロコシサイレージ[1.0gフラスコ−1]をすべての実行に含めた[実行当りフラスコ6個]。試験内の結果を陽性対照値に対して表した。
75%アルファルファ干草および25%オオムギからなる飼料で給餌されるルーメン挿管ヒツジ(ビタミン−ミネラルサプリメントおよび水を自由に与える)をルーメン液のドナーとして使用した。ルーメン液を朝食直前に採取した。
−総ガス生産(ml)、圧力トランスデューサを使用し、ガスを目盛付き注射器に収集。
−インキュベーション培地中のpH。
−インキュベーション倍地中の揮発性脂肪酸濃度、GCによる(VFAも接種時に測定し、24時間後のVFA産生を計算する)。
−DMインキュベーション残留物、焼結つぼ中で瓶内容物をろ過し、乾燥後の残留物を秤量することによって。その後、残留物の中性デタージェント繊維(NDF)内容物を測定し、非分解DNFの量を計算した。これからDMおよびNDFの消失を推定した。
レオンの一般法によって行われたインキュベーションをメタン形成について分析した。生産されたガスの代表的な試料をその後の分析のために採取した。サンプリングは、試料の固定および貯蔵を可能にする弁を装着した特殊なガス気密注射器を使用して行われた。試料は、ストッパーの中隔を通じて針の挿入後にヘッドスペースから直接採取され、試料を注射器に取り、弁を閉じた。この試料を総ガス生産の測定後に採取し、ガス組成物が放出されたガス中およびヘッドスペース中の残留物中で同じであると想定した。
器具:炎イオン化検出器(FID)を備えたシマズ(Shimadzu)GC−14B
カラム:60/80メッシュカルボキセン(Carboxen)1000固定相でパックした長さ2.3メートル×内径2.1mmステンレス鋼カラム
搬送ガス:ヘリウム、流量(100kPa)、一定流モード
温度:
検出器:FID。温度200℃、合成空気流量(50kPa)、H2流量(50kPa)
インジェクタ:温度200℃
カラムオーブン:170℃(定温)
48時間の発酵期間にわたって対照に対して、インキュベーション培地pHおよび産生される乳酸の濃度の減少が、潜在的なアシドーシス効果を消失する試験基質の能力の指標を示すモデルを使用した。本試験では粉砕コムギ[2mm]を基礎基質として使用し、試験材料を100mg g−1DM[または10mg g−1DM β−ミルセン]で含めた。前述同様に、総基質1.0gを各々のフラスコに添加した。乳酸産生を強化するために、調製したバッファー溶液を50%希釈した。これはインキュベーション培地の緩衝能力が上回り、結果として生じるpHの減少が乳酸菌および他の乳酸産生細菌の成長を促進することを確実にするためであった。ルーメン液は、使用された2頭の乳牛が高レベルの粗い粉砕コムギで早期泌乳割当量が与えられたこと除き既述されているように得られ、調製された。液体のpH測定は、接種後1時間[開始pH]、次いでさらに23および47時間後にpH電極を直接各々のフラスコへ挿入することによって行った。最後の測定の直後、液体約3.0mlを各々のフラスコから採取し、試料によってバルク化し、L[+]乳酸について酵素的に分析されるまで−20℃下に凍結保存した。
発酵活性の測定から得られた結果は、以下の表2a、2b、および2cに示されている。
ホフマン(Hoffman)EM、モイツェル(Meutzel)S、ベッカー(Becker)K(2002年)、A modified dot−blot method of protein determination applied in the tannin−protein−precipitation assay to facilitate the evaluation of tannin activity in animal feeds、Br.J.Nutr.87:421−426頁
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ホフマン(Hoffman)EM、モイツェル(Meutzel)S、ベッカー(Becker)(2003年)、The fermentation of soybean meal by rumen microbes in vitro reveals different kinetic features for the inactivation and the degradation of trypsin inhibitor protein、Anim.Feed Sci.Technol.106:189−197頁
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ナガラヤ(Nagaraja)TG、ニューボールド(Newbold)CJ、ファン・ネーベル(Van Nevel)CJ、デマイヤー(Demeyer)DI(1997年)、Manipulation of ruminal fermentation,in The rumen microbial ecosystem、ホブソン(Hobson)PNおよびスチュワート(Stewart)CS編、チャップマン・アンド・ホール(Chapman & Hall)、London、523−632頁
ノラン(Nolan)JV (1975年)、Quantitative models of nitrogen metabolism in sheep,in Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant、McDonald IW and Warner ACI編、University of New England Publishing Unit、Armidale、Australia、416−431頁
ラッセル(Russell)JB、ヒノ(Hino)T(1985年)、Regulation of lactate production in Streptococcus bovis:a spiraling effect that contributes to rumen acidosis、J.Dairy Sci.68:1712−1721頁
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ウォリス(Wallace)RJ(1983年)、Hydrolysis of 14C−labelled proteins by rumen micro−organisms and by proteolytic enzymes prepared from rumen bacteria、Br.J.Nutr.50:345−355頁
ウォリス(Wallace)RJ、オノデラ(Onodera)R、コッタ(Cotta)MA (1997年)、Metabolism of nitrogen−containing compounds, in The rumen microbial ecosystem、ホブソン(Hobson)PNおよびスチュワート(Stewart) CS編、チャップマン・アンド・ホール(Chapman & Hall)、London、283−328頁
Claims (4)
- 反芻動物のルーメン発酵に影響を及ぼし、かつエネルギーおよび窒素源のアベイラビリティを増大させるための1つもしくはそれ以上の植物抽出物を含有する添加物の使用であって、
前記1つもしくはそれ以上の植物抽出物がハンニチバナ(Helianthemum canum)、クマコケモモ(Arctostaphylos uva−ursi)、インディアンルバーブ(Peltiphyllum peltatum)、エゾアカバナ(Epilobium montanum)、およびクナウチア・アルベンシス(Knautia arvensis)からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする使用。 - 前記1つもしくはそれ以上の植物抽出物が、
i)クナウチア・アルベンシス、クマコケモモ、およびハンニチバナからなる群から選択され、かつ、
前記添加物がさらに、
ii)ヒナギク(Bellis perennis)、クローブバッド(Eugenia caryophyllata)、オリーブ(Olea europaea)、スイカズラ(Lonicera japonica)およびヒレハリソウ(Symphytum officinale)およびそれらの抽出物からなる群、
iii)ヒメヒレアザミ(Carduus pycnocephalus)、ヤマナラシ(Populus tremula)、およびセイタカダイオウ(Rheum nobile)、およびそれらの抽出物からなる群、かつ
iv)レタス(Latuca sativa)およびネトル(Urtica dioica)およびそれらの抽出物からなる群の各々から選択される少なくとも1つの植物抽出物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の使用。 - 前記群i)〜iv)に属する前記成分の総量が、本発明により存在する前記成分の総量の20〜100重量%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の使用。
- 投与される前記成分の総量が、1日当り、かつ前記反芻動物のkg体重当り0.02mg〜20gであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3に記載の使用。
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EP2351558A4 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2013-03-06 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | THERAPEUTIC AGENT AGAINST TYMPANITES IN REPURITISHES |
KR101090489B1 (ko) * | 2008-10-13 | 2012-01-06 | 주식회사 누보비앤티 | 가식성 향미물질을 이용한 사료섭취 증진 첨가제 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP5786221B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2015-09-30 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 反芻動物のメタン排出を減少させ、および/または反芻動物の能力を改善するための、飼料中のニトロオキシアルカン酸およびその誘導体 |
US8673219B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2014-03-18 | Invention Science Fund I | Nasal passage insertion device for treatment of ruminant exhalations |
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EP2653039A1 (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-23 | Interquim, S.A. | Feed composition for reducing ruminant methanogenesis |
CN103404699B (zh) * | 2013-08-12 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江大学 | 一种促进瘤胃发酵的天然产物制剂 |
CN103518965B (zh) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-01 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | 可降低牛羊甲烷排放量的预混合饲料 |
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