JP4963942B2 - 航空機システム、航空機および航空機の翼を操作するための方法 - Google Patents
航空機システム、航空機および航空機の翼を操作するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
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- B64C9/14—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders forming slots
- B64C9/16—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders forming slots at the rear of the wing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C9/00—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders
- B64C9/14—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders forming slots
- B64C9/16—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders forming slots at the rear of the wing
- B64C9/18—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders forming slots at the rear of the wing by single flaps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
現代の高速の航空機は、高速または巡航飛行中に低抗力の輪郭を提供する薄い翼を一般に有する。これら航空機の翼は、航空機の制御を提供するためおよび/または低速運転(たとえば、離陸および着陸)のために航空機を構成するためにさまざまな可動面をしばしば含む。たとえば、燃料を保持することに加え、高速輸送航空機の翼は典型的には補助翼面、スポイラー面、前端装置および後端フラップ面を含む。これら可動面はしばしば翼の前端および後端にあるかまたはその近くにあり、各々は航空機の特定の飛行条件に応じて収容された位置とさまざまな展開された位置との間で可動である。
1b、32bとの間で隙間のサイズを制御するために使用可能である。
以下の概要は読者のために提供されるものに過ぎず、請求項によって説明されるようなこの発明を制限することを意図されない。この発明の一局面による航空機システムは、翼および翼に結合された後端装置を含み、後端装置は収容された位置と展開された位置との間で翼に対して可動である。後端装置は、前端、後端、上方面、下方面を有してもよく、上方面は、後端装置が収容された位置にあるときに翼との交点を有する。翼に対する後端装置の運動は交点の前方に配置されたヒンジラインについての回転運動を含み得、後端装置が展開された位置にあるときに翼の後端と後端装置の前端との間に気流の隙間が位置付けられ得る。
この開示は、平行でない運動経路を備えた装置を含む航空機の後端装置、および関連す
る方法を説明する。この発明の或る実施例を完全に理解できるようにこの発明のいくつかの具体的な詳細が以下の説明および図2〜図6Cに示される。しかしながら、当業者にはこの発明は付加的な実施例を含んでもよく、この発明の別の実施例は以下に説明された具体的な特徴のいくつかなしに実現可能であることが理解されるであろう。
らの収容された位置にあるときおよびスポイラー250が下方に展開されたときの両方に一般に単調な輪郭を形成するように整列させることができる。
位置にあるとき、後端281、282および283は一般に単調に変化する写像を有する複合の後端280を形成する。隣接する装置238の側の間には小さな空間があり得るが、複合の後端280全体は有意の段を含まない。反対に、複合の前端270(第1の前端271、第2の前端272および第3の前端273によって形成される)は段を付けられ、一般に単調に変化する写像を形成しない。隙間をあけられた後端装置238が収容された位置から展開された位置に動くとき、複合の後端280はさらに段を付けられ、複合の前端270は段が少なくなる。たとえば、図4Bで破線によって示されるように、隙間をあけられた後端装置238が部分的に展開された位置(破線で示される)にあるとき、前端271、272および273は互いにより接近して整列し、後端281、282および283は一般に単調に変化する複合の後端280から離れる。(図4Bの想像線によって示されるように)隙間をあけられた後端装置238が完全に展開された位置に動くとき、複合の前端270は一般に単調に変化する写像を描いてもよく、複合の後端280は段を付けられる。したがって、複合の前端270の隣接する隙間をあけられた後端装置238の端の間には空間があり得るが、複合の前端270の全体的な外形は一般に単調であり段を付けられない。
別の実施例(たとえば、翼220がスポイラーをこの場所に含まない実施例)では、交点Iは翼220の別の部分にあってもよい。これら実施例のどれでも、ヒンジ点261は交点Iの下の距離D1、交点Iの前方の距離F1にあり得る。
。点I(原点)は翼220と中間の後端装置260の上方面269との間の交点を示す。xのスケールは、中間の後端装置260の翼弦長Cによって無次元化されたヒンジ点261の前方/後方の位置を示す。yのスケールは、これも翼弦長Cによって無次元化されたヒンジ点261の上方/下方の位置を示す。この発明の特定の局面によるヒンジ点261は線259の前方および上方にある。したがって、これらのヒンジ点261は、それぞれ点258a〜258eとして示されるx、y座標(.05,−.05)、(.1,−.2)、(.2,−.3)、(.5,−.4)および(1.0,−.5)を通る一連の線分の前方および上方にあるものとして説明され得る。
ラック291と重量および信頼性では同様であるが、隙間262を管理するためのカムトラック291の柔軟性および適合性には匹敵しない。図6A〜図6Cに示される実施例の特定の局面では、カムトラック291は後退させられた位置の中間の後端装置260につなげるスポイラー253の能力を改善することができる。さらに、カムトラック291は中間の後端装置260の所与の下の位置(たとえば、離陸位置および着陸位置)に対して或る値で隙間262を設定するのを支援することができる。カムトラック291は特定の動きのパターンに対して制御を提供することもできる。たとえば、中間の後端装置260が巡航(後退させられた)位置から下へ動くとき、カムトラック291は、スポイラー253が「静止して」、中間の後端装置260が下に動くときに隙間262がすばやく増加できるように形作ることができる。同様に、中間の後端装置260が巡航(後退させられた)位置から上に動くとき、スポイラー253はすばやく上方に動いて、上昇する中間の後端装置260をクリアすることができる。
Claims (24)
- 航空機システムであって、
翼と、
前記翼に結合された後端装置とを含み、前記後端装置は収容された位置と展開された位置との間で前記翼に対して可動であり、前記後端装置は前端、後端、上方面および下方面を有し、前記上方面は前記後端装置が前記収容された位置にあるときに前記翼との交点を有し、
前記翼に対する前記後端装置の運動は前記交点の前方に配置されたヒンジラインについての回転運動を含み、
前記後端装置が前記展開された位置にあるときに前記翼の後端と前記後端装置の前端との間に気流の隙間が配置され、
前記後端装置は前記後端装置の前記前端と前記後端との間に翼弦長Cを有し、
前記ヒンジラインは、前記交点の前方で、かつ、前記下方面の下方に配置され、
さらに、前記ヒンジラインは、前記交点より0.05*C前方かつ前記交点より0.05*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.1*C前方かつ前記交点より0.2*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.2*C前方かつ前記交点より0.3*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.5*C前方かつ前記交点より0.4*C下方の位置、及び、前記交点より1.0*C前方かつ前記交点より0.5*C下方の位置を通る一連の一般に真っ直ぐな線分の前方および上方に配置される、航空機システム。 - 前記ヒンジラインは第1のヒンジラインであり、前記翼は前記後端装置の前方に配置されたスポイラーを含み、前記スポイラーは中立の位置から上方および下方の両方への前記後端装置の運動に従うように第2のヒンジラインについて前記翼に対して旋回可能であり、前記交点は前記スポイラーと前記後端装置の上方面とが出合う点にある、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記展開された位置は前記後端装置が前記収容された位置に対して下方に偏向された第1の展開された位置であり、前記後端装置は前記後端装置が前記収容された位置に対して上方に偏向された第2の偏向位置へと可動である、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記後端装置は30度までの角度を通じて前記収容された位置に対して上方に回転可能である、請求項3に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記後端装置は装置の翼弦長を有し、前記翼の部分は前記後端装置が前記収容された位置にあるときに前記装置の翼弦長の20%以下で前記後端装置に重複する、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記後端装置は前記翼に隣接する自由流にさらされかつ前記後端が前記収容された位置から前記展開された位置へと動くときに形状を変化させる柔軟な流れの面を含まない、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記ヒンジラインは前記後端装置の前記前端の前方に配置される、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記ヒンジラインは第1のヒンジラインであり、前記翼は前記後端装置の前方に配置されたスポイラーを含み、前記スポイラーは第2のヒンジラインについて前記翼に対して旋回可能であり、前記交点は前記スポイラーと前記後端装置の上方面とが出合う点にある、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記スポイラーは前記後端装置と協調的な態様で動くように前記後端装置に機械的に結合される、請求項8に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記翼の下方面の近傍の前記翼に結合されたドアをさらに含み、前記ドアは前記ドアが前記翼の下方面と前記後端装置の前端との間で封止を提供する収容された位置と、前記ドアが前記後端装置の前端から間隔をあけられる展開された位置との間で前記後端装置に対して可動である、請求項8に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記翼の下方面の近傍の前記翼に結合されたドアをさらに含み、前記ドアは前記ドアが前記翼の下方面と前記後端装置の前端との間で封止を提供する収容された位置と、前記ドアが前記後端装置の前端から間隔をあけられる展開された位置との間で前記後端装置に対して可動である、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記ドアは前記後端装置と協調的な態様で動くように前記後端装置に機械的に結合される、請求項11に記載の航空機システム。
- 前記後端装置はフラッペロンを含み、前記システムはさらに、
前記フラッペロンの近傍の前記翼に結合されたフラップを含み、前記フラップは収容された位置と展開された位置との間で前記翼に対して可動であり、前記システムはさらに、
前記翼と前記フラッペロンとの間に結合された第1のアクチュエータを含み、前記第1のアクチュエータは第1の最大の作動率を有し、前記システムはさらに、
前記翼と前記フラップとの間に結合された第2のアクチュエータを含み、前記第2のアクチュエータは第1のものより小さい第2の最大の作動率を有する、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。 - 前記翼は第1の翼を含み、前記システムはさらに、
第2の翼と、
前記第1および第2の翼に結合された胴体と、
前記胴体に結合された尾部とを含む、請求項1に記載の航空機システム。 - 航空機であって、
胴体と、
前記胴体に結合された尾部と、
翼と、
前記翼に結合された後端装置とを含み、前記後端装置は前端、後端、前記前端から前記後端へと延在する一般に硬質の上方面、前記前端から前記後端へと延在する一般に硬質の下方面、前記上方面と前記下方面との間で前記前端から前記後端へと延在する翼弦長Cを有し、前記後端装置は収容された位置、前記後端装置が前記収容された位置から下方に動かされた第1の展開された位置、および前記後端装置が前記収容された位置から上方に動かされた第2の展開された位置との間で前記翼に対して可動であり、前記航空機はさらに、
前記後端装置の前方に配置されたスポイラーを含み、前記スポイラーは前記収容された位置から上方および下方の両方への前記後端装置の運動に従うように第2のヒンジラインについて前記翼に対して旋回可能であり、
前記上方面は前記後端装置が前記収容された位置にあるときに前記スポイラーとの交点を有し、
前記翼に対する前記後端装置の運動は(a)前記交点の前方、および(b)前記交点の下方に配置された第1のヒンジラインについての回転運動を含み、
さらに、前記第1のヒンジラインは、前記交点より0.05*C前方かつ前記交点より0.05*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.1*C前方かつ前記交点より0.2*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.2*C前方かつ前記交点より0.3*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.5*C前方かつ前記交点より0.4*C下方の位置、及び、前記交点より1.0*C前方かつ前記交点より0.5*C下方の位置を通る一連の一般に真っ直ぐな線分の前方および上方に配置され、
前記後端装置が少なくとも1つの展開された位置にあるときに前記翼の後端と前記後端装置の前端との間に気流の隙間が位置付けられる、航空機。 - 前記第1のヒンジラインは前記後端装置の前端の前方に配置される、請求項15に記載の航空機。
- 前記スポイラーは前記後端装置と協調的な態様で動くように前記後端装置に機械的に結合され、前記システムは前記後端装置の運動を案内するように配置されたカムトラックをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の航空機。
- 航空機の翼を操作するための方法であって、
前端と翼との間に気流の隙間をあけるように後端装置と前記翼の上方面との間の交点の前方にあるヒンジラインについて後端装置を回転させることにより収容された位置から展開された位置へと翼の後端装置を動かすステップと、
前記後端装置が前記展開された位置にあるときに自由流の空気が前記隙間を通るようにするステップとを含み、
前記後端装置は、後端、前記前端と前記後端との間に翼弦長C、及び、前記上方面および下方面を有する外部表面を有し、前記後端装置が前記収容された位置にあるときに前記後端装置と前記翼との間に前記交点を生じ、
前記ヒンジラインは、前記交点の前方で、前記下方面の下方に配置され、
さらに、前記ヒンジラインは、前記交点より0.05*C前方かつ前記交点より0.05*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.1*C前方かつ前記交点より0.2*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.2*C前方かつ前記交点より0.3*C下方の位置、前記交点より0.5*C前方かつ前記交点より0.4*C下方の位置、及び、前記交点より1.0*C前方かつ前記交点より0.5*C下方の位置を通る一連の一般に真っ直ぐな線分の前方および上方に配置される、方法。 - 前記後端装置を回転させるステップは前記後端装置の前端の前方にあるヒンジラインについて前記後端装置を回転させるステップを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記後端装置を動かすステップは前記収容された位置から下方に前記後端装置を回転させるステップを含み、前記方法は前記収容された位置から上方に前記後端装置を回転させるステップをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記後端装置を偏向させることにより前記航空機の横揺れ運動をアクティブに制御するステップをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記後端装置を偏向させることにより前記翼にわたる翼幅方向の揚力の分布をアクティブに制御するステップをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記後端装置は装置の翼弦長を有し、前記方法は前記翼が前記装置の翼弦長の20%以下で前記後端装置に重複するように前記後端装置を位置付けることにより前記後端装置を収容するステップをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記翼に隣接する自由流にさらされる前記後端装置の流れの面は一般に硬質であり、前記後端装置を動かすステップは前記面の形状を変化させるステップを含まない、請求項18に記載の方法。
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US11/284,113 US7708231B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2005-11-21 | Aircraft trailing edge devices, including devices having forwardly positioned hinge lines, and associated methods |
US11/284,113 | 2005-11-21 |
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EP (2) | EP1787905B1 (ja) |
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CN (1) | CN100542890C (ja) |
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EP1787905A3 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
US20100170998A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
US8567726B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
US20070114328A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
CA2568281A1 (en) | 2007-05-21 |
EP1787905B1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
US20120018588A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
CA2568281C (en) | 2015-01-13 |
EP2690006B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
US7708231B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
EP2690006A3 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
US8038103B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
EP2690006A2 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
CN1982157A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
JP2007137417A (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
EP1787905A2 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
CN100542890C (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
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