JP4958042B2 - How to start a shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for starting a shield machine from the inside of a shaft during tunnel construction.

As is well known, when starting a shield machine from within a shaft, as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example, the temporary segment is assembled from the shaft while propelled from the temporary segment by a shield jack included in the shield machine. It is most common to make an initial excavation using reaction force.
Further, in Patent Document 3, instead of assembling a temporary segment in a vertical shaft, a reaction force plate for receiving a propulsive reaction force at the time of initial excavation is installed in the vertical shaft so as to be movable forward. A method of taking a reaction force from a plate to start is disclosed.
JP 2000-45685 A JP 2001-32675 A JP 2001-40982 A

However, according to the conventional general starting method as described above, in any case, it starts by the initial excavation by the shield jack provided in the shield machine, so it is complicated when shifting from the initial excavation to the main excavation. Work for setup change is required.
That is, in the one shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is necessary to dismantle and remove the temporary segment assembled in the shaft, and in the one shown in Patent Document 3, a reaction force plate and a mechanism that supports it so that it can be advanced Need to be dismantled. In both cases, after dismantling and removing them, it is necessary to re-install a work floor for carrying in and out subsequent machines and materials necessary for the main excavation in the shaft.

  Therefore, according to the conventional general start method, it is inevitable that a considerable work period and work cost are required for the work of changing the setup when shifting from the initial excavation for the start to the main excavation. There has been a demand for the development of an effective and appropriate starting method that can make the replacement more rational.

The present invention is a method for starting a shield machine from inside a shaft when constructing a tunnel, and a starting stand that supports the shield machine to be able to move forward is installed at the bottom of the shaft, and the shield machine can be pushed out behind it. A propulsion jack is installed, and the shield machine supported by the starting stand is pushed forward from the rear by the propulsion jack, and a propulsive force transmission mechanism is interposed between the propulsion jack and the shield machine, and the While gradually increasing the length of the propulsion force transmission mechanism in the push-out direction, the propulsion force is repeatedly advanced through the propulsion jack through the propulsion force transmission mechanism to sequentially advance the shield machine. After pushing the shield machine out of the shaft through the transmission mechanism to almost the end, segment in the shield machine The segment is installed in front of the propulsive force transmission mechanism, and the shield machine is started by taking a reaction force from the propulsion force transmission mechanism and the propulsion jack via the segment by a shield jack provided in the shield machine, After excavating to a position where the excavation reaction force can be secured by the frictional force between the segment and the ground, the propulsion jack and the propulsion transmission mechanism are dismantled and removed from the shaft, and at least a part of the propulsion transmission mechanism is The propulsion force transmission mechanism is configured as an assembly of a large number of block bodies that can be continuously arranged in the extrusion direction and can be stacked in the vertical direction. Assemble the bottom and both sides of the shield machine in the position to push out the cross-sectional shape of the propulsion transmission mechanism to the bottom and both sides It has a U-shaped cross section consisting of a wall and has an open top, and when dismantling and removing the propulsive force transmission mechanism, the block body constituting the bottom is left and diverted as a work floor. To do.

In the present invention, a propulsion base that supports the propulsion transmission mechanism so as to be able to move forward is installed at the bottom of the shaft, and the propulsion transmission mechanism is assembled on the propulsion base, and the propulsion transmission mechanism is dismantled and removed. In doing so, it is conceivable to leave the propulsion base together with the block body constituting the bottom of the propulsive force transmission mechanism and divert them as a work floor.
In that case, it is conceivable to use both a propulsion base that supports the propulsive force transmission mechanism and a starting base that supports the shield machine.

  Alternatively, in the present invention, a starting stand that supports the shield machine is installed on the bottom surface of the shaft so as to be capable of moving forward, and a propulsive force transmission mechanism is disposed on the bottom surface of the shaft so as to be capable of moving forward. While moving forward, the dismantling and removal are sequentially done from the front part as it advances, and when the propulsion transmission mechanism is sequentially assembled on the bottom of the vertical shaft, the propulsion transmission mechanism is dismantled and removed. It is conceivable that the block body constituting the bottom of the propulsive force transmission mechanism is left on the bottom of the shaft and diverted as a work floor.

  According to the present invention, by pushing a shield machine from the rear through a propulsive force transmission mechanism with a propulsion jack installed in the shaft, the shaft is started as in the case of starting by initial excavation by a conventional general shield machine itself. There is no need to assemble a temporary segment or a reaction plate that can be advanced inside, and of course there is no need to dismantle and remove them, and the propulsive force transmission mechanism is used as a work floor after starting to move from the starting process to the main excavation process. It is possible to sufficiently reduce the setup change process at the time of transition, which can contribute to shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost.

In addition, by configuring the propulsive force transmission mechanism as an assembly of a large number of block bodies, it is possible to freely and easily construct a propulsive force transmission mechanism of a desired form by simply arranging and laminating these block bodies. After starting, it can be used as a work floor as it is simply by dismantling and leaving a part of it.
In particular, by adopting a U-shaped cross-section with an open top, the propulsive force transmission mechanism assembled as an assembly of block bodies can be used to transport materials and unload excavated earth and sand through the opening. .

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the method of the present invention, when starting the shield machine 2 from the shaft 1, the start frame 3 is installed at the bottom of the shaft 1 to support the shield machine 2 so that the shield machine 2 can move forward, and the propulsion jack 4 is installed behind the start frame 3. The shield machine 2 is pushed out through the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 and the propulsion frame 6 to advance, that is, instead of starting by initial excavation by a shield jack provided in the shield machine 2 as usual, it is separately provided in the shaft 1. The main purpose is to push the shield machine 2 forward from the rear by the installed propulsion jack 4 to start.

1 to 8 show a first embodiment of the present invention. First, an outline thereof will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, at the bottom of the shaft 1 for starting the shield machine 2, a start frame 3 for supporting the shield machine 2 so as to be able to move forward is installed. The start frame 3 in the illustrated example includes a support member 3a made of two parallel steel frames and supporting columns 3b for guiding the slide forward while supporting the bottom of the shield machine 2 slidably.
Further, on both sides of the start frame 3, a propulsion frame 6 for pushing out the shield machine 2 and a propulsion frame 7 for supporting the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 so as to move forward are installed. The propulsion base 7 in the illustrated example includes a total of four support members 7 a and two columns 7 b that are installed in parallel on the outside of the support member 3 a in the start base 3.
The propulsion frame 6 in the illustrated example is a rectangular steel pipe or the like assembled in a horizontally long rectangular frame, which is placed on the propulsion base 7 via the slide base 6a and pushed forward by the propulsion jack 4; By sequentially assembling the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 between the propulsion frame 6 and the propulsion jack 4, the shield machine 2 arranged in front of the propulsion force transmission mechanism 5 is pushed out.
In addition, what is necessary is just to set suitably the shape and dimension of the propulsion frame 6 in the range which can push out the shield machine 2 whole from back stably. Moreover, the starting frame 3 and the propulsion frame 7 may be used together. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, it is conceivable that the propulsion frame 6 is simultaneously supported by the support member 3a that supports the shield machine 2.

  On the other hand, the propulsion jack 4 is installed in front of a reaction force plate 8 (see FIG. 3) provided on the wall surface on the rear side of the shaft 1. These propulsion jacks 4 push the propulsion frame 6 and the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 forward, and in the illustrated example, all eight propulsion jacks 4 are arranged corresponding to the shape of the propulsion frame 6 and propulsion is performed by four of them. The bottom part of the frame 6 is pushed out, and two units are arranged so as to push out both sides. The required number and arrangement of the propulsion jacks 4 may be appropriately set according to the diameter and total weight of the shield machine 2 and the shape and dimensions of the propulsion frame 6.

The propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 according to the present embodiment is interposed between the propulsion jack 4 and the propulsion frame 6 in the starting process, and moves forward on the propulsion base 7 together with the propulsion frame 6. 4 is transmitted to the shield machine 2 through the propulsion frame 6 to advance it.
The propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 according to the present embodiment is configured as an aggregate of a large number of block bodies 5a as shown in FIG. 2, and as the shield machine 2 advances, its full length (length dimension in the direction in which the shield machine 2 is pushed out). ), The block bodies 5a are sequentially added to the rear side so as to be sequentially increased. The block 5a in the illustrated example is made of steel or concrete in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped or thick plate, but in any case has sufficient strength to extrude the shield machine 2 and its length dimension. Is set to correspond to one stroke of the propulsion jack 4.
In the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 in the present embodiment, the block bodies 5a are arranged on the propulsion base 7 behind the propulsion frame 6 via the slide base 5b, and the block bodies 5a are arranged in the front, rear, left, and right directions. In addition, by laminating the upper and lower parts in multiple stages and connecting them appropriately, the cross-sectional shape of the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 constituted as a whole is changed to a U part having a bottom part 5c and wall parts 5d raised on both sides thereof. The shape of the cross-section is such that the upper part is opened, and therefore material transportation to the shield machine 2 and unloading of excavated earth and sand can be carried out through the opening without any trouble.
However, the form of the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is not limited to the illustrated example, and can be easily assembled so that the overall length can be increased sequentially as a U-shaped cross-sectional form as an assembly of a large number of block bodies 5a, and As long as it is interposed between the propulsion jack 4 and the propulsion frame 6 and can effectively transmit the propulsive force, the number and arrangement of the propulsion jacks 4 and the shape and dimensions of the propulsion frame 6 are supported as long as the propulsion force is transmitted. May be set as appropriate.

The steps of the starting method of this embodiment will be specifically described.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the shield machine 2 is installed on the starting stand 3 so as to be able to advance, and the propulsion frame 6 is arranged on the propelling stand 7 behind it so as to be able to advance. At this time, the surfaces of the guide members 3a and 7a that support the shield machine 2 and the propulsion frame 6 may be formed to have sufficient sliding surfaces so that they can be smoothly advanced by appropriate lubricating means as necessary.
Further, since the skin plate of the shield machine 2 does not usually have sufficient strength by itself, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), at least one ring segment 21 is previously provided in the skin plate 2a. As well as assembling, it is advisable to attach a reinforcing ring 22 on the outer side of the assembly, so that buckling and deformation of the skin plate 2a can be reliably prevented. However, when the skin plate 2a itself can receive the propulsive force without any problem, they can be omitted, or the propulsion frame 6 may have a function corresponding to the reinforcing ring 22 or the segment 21. Conceivable.

  Then, the propulsion jack 4 is pressed against the propulsion frame 6 and the propulsion jacks 4 are synchronized and extended at the same time as shown in FIG. .

Thereafter, the propulsion jack 4 is degenerated, and as shown in FIG. 5, the propulsion force transmission mechanism 5 is assembled by arranging and stacking the block bodies 5a in the first row on the propulsion base 7 behind the propulsion frame 6, and the propulsion jack is assembled thereto. 4 is pushed, and this time, the propulsion frame 6 is pushed out via the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 to further advance the shield machine 2.
As described above, the block body 5a is sequentially added backward to increase the total length of the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5, and the process of pushing the whole further forward is repeated, thereby pushing out the shield machine 2 stepwise. At the same time, ground excavation is performed by the cutter 2b included in the shield machine 2, and the front part of the shield machine 2 is penetrated into the ground. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the shield machine 2 is pushed out by the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 in a state where the block bodies 5a are assembled up to the third row, and FIG. 2 corresponds to that state.

In this way, the shield machine 2 is moved forward, and when the propulsion frame 6 reaches the wall surface position on the front side of the vertical shaft 1, that is, when the shield machine 2 is pushed out of the vertical shaft 1 except for the last part. At that time, the process proceeds to the initial excavation by the shield machine 2 itself.
That is, while assembling the segment 2b in the shield machine 2, the reaction force is then taken and the excavation by the shield jack included in the shield machine 2 is started. At that time, the propulsion reaction force is transmitted from the segment 2b to the wall surface on the rear side of the shaft 1 through the propulsion frame 6, the propulsion force transmission mechanism 5, the propulsion jack 4, and the reaction force plate 8, and the propulsion reaction force at the initial excavation is Secured without hindrance.

  Then, after the digging progresses to a position where the digging reaction force can be secured by the frictional force between the segment 2b and the ground, the propulsion jack 4 and the reaction force wall 8 are removed, and the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is dismantled and removed. A work floor 10 is installed at the bottom of the vertical shaft 1. At that time, as shown in FIG. 7, the bottom portion 5c of the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 and the propulsion base 7 supporting the propulsion force transmission mechanism 5 are left without being disassembled, and they are used as a work floor 10, and a succeeding machine is placed on the upper portion. For example, the rail 11 may be installed in the tunnel, and the rail 11 may be extended and supported by the sleepers 12 in the tunnel. The starting stand 3 supporting the shield machine 2 is unnecessary at this point, and may be removed if necessary. However, there is no problem even if it is left as it is below the work floor 10.

According to the above starting method, the shield machine 2 is pushed out from the rear side by the propulsion jack 4 installed in the shaft 1 through the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 to start, so that the start is made by the initial excavation by the conventional general shield machine itself. There is no need to assemble a temporary segment or a reaction plate that can be advanced in the shaft 1 as in the case of making it, and naturally it is not necessary to dismantle and remove them.
In particular, the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 has a structure in which the block bodies 5a are simply arranged and stacked to assemble, so that the assembly and disassembly can be easily performed, and one of the propulsive force transmission mechanisms 5 can be provided after starting. Since the part can be left and diverted to the work floor 10 as it is, the setup change for shifting to the main excavation can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the workability can be greatly improved. Of course, the removed block body 5a, the propulsion jack 4, and the reaction force wall 8 can be repeatedly used at other sites.

The first embodiment has been described above. Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Also in the second embodiment, the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is constituted by the block body 5a and is formed in a U-shaped cross-section with the upper part opened, and the shield machine 2 is interposed via the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 and the propulsion frame 6. Is pushed out (however, the reinforcing ring 2c is omitted in the illustrated example), but in the first embodiment, the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is arranged on the propulsion gantry 7 to move forward. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is directly installed on the shaft bottom surface 1a and is advanced as it is on the shaft bottom surface 1a. It is assumed to have as much sliding as possible.

  In the first embodiment, the starting frame 3 of the shield machine 2 is fixedly installed on the shaft bottom surface 1a. In the second embodiment, the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is installed on the surface of the shaft bottom 1a as described above. Since it is directly arranged on the top, when the starting stand 3 is fixedly installed, it interferes with the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 and hinders its forward movement. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the starter base 3 has a divided structure (in the illustrated example, a five-part structure), and the front part 3 is moved forward with the shield machine 2 as shown in FIG. It will be divided and removed sequentially from the side.

  Therefore, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, all the start frames 3 are automatically removed when the start is completed, and the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 is disposed in the shaft 1 instead. 12, by leaving the block body constituting the bottom portion 5c of the propulsive force transmission mechanism 5 as it is, it can be diverted as it is to the work floor 10, and the rail 11 is immediately installed on the upper portion via the sleepers 21. As in the first embodiment, the setup change for shifting to the main excavation can be simplified and the workability can be improved.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the above embodiment is only a preferable example, and in short, the shield machine is pushed out by the propulsion jack provided in the shaft through the propulsive force transmission mechanism and started. Specifically, a part of the propulsive force transmission mechanism may be left in the shaft and diverted as a work floor, and the present invention can be appropriately designed and changed without departing from the gist. .
For example, as already described, the propulsive force transmission mechanism can effectively transmit the propulsive force of the propulsion jack to the shield machine in the form of a U-shaped cross section as an assembly of block bodies , and the length can be increased sequentially. In the end, it is sufficient that the bottom can be left and diverted as a work floor, and as long as the configuration and structure of the propulsive force transmission mechanism are arbitrary .
In addition, as in the above embodiment, a propulsion frame is interposed between the propulsive force transmission mechanism and the shield machine, and if necessary, a segment for one ring and a reinforcing ring are assembled in advance to the shield machine. However, it is only necessary to transmit the propulsive force of the propulsion jack to the shield machine via the propulsive force transmission mechanism, and as long as it is included, not only the segments and reinforcing rings but also the propulsion frame are omitted as appropriate. It is not impossible to do.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention and illustrating a state at a start of starting. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state in the middle of starting similarly. FIG. 2 is an elevation view, a plan view, a cross-sectional view, and a main part enlarged view showing a state at the start of starting. It is an elevation view which shows the state which pushed out the propulsion frame with the propulsion jack. It is an elevation view which shows the state which assembled the block body of the 1st row. It is the elevation and top view which show the state which assembled and extruded the block body of the 3rd row. It is the elevation and sectional drawing which show the state which completed the after start and installed the work floor. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification structural example of a starting stand and a propulsion stand. The 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown, and is the elevation and sectional drawing which show the state at the time of a start start. It is the elevation and sectional drawing which show the state which assembled the block body of the 1st row. It is an elevation view which shows the state which the completion after the start same as the above. It is the elevation and sectional view which show the state which installed the work floor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical shaft 1a Vertical shaft bottom 2 Shield machine 2a Skin plate 2b Cutter 3 Start stand 3a Support member 3b Prop 4 Propulsion jack 5 Propulsive force transmission mechanism 5a Block body 5b Slide base 5c Bottom (work floor)
5d wall 6 propulsion frame 6a slide base 7 propulsion mount 7a support member 7b support column 8 reaction force plate 10 work floor 11 rail 12 sleeper 21 segment 22 reinforcement ring

Claims (4)

It is a method for starting a shield machine from a shaft when constructing a tunnel,
In addition to installing a starting stand that supports the shield machine so that the shield machine can move forward at the bottom of the shaft, a propulsion jack that can push out the shield machine is installed behind it.
The shield machine supported by the starting stand is pushed forward by the propulsion jack from behind, and a propulsive force transmission mechanism is interposed between the propulsion jack and the shield machine, and the pushing direction of the propulsion force transmission mechanism is While sequentially increasing the length of the shield machine, the pushing operation by the propulsion jack is repeated through the propulsive force transmission mechanism, and the shield machine is sequentially advanced.
After pushing the shield machine to the outermost part of the shaft through the propulsive force transmission mechanism by the propulsion jack,
A segment is assembled in a shield machine, the segment is installed in front of the propulsion force transmission mechanism, and a shield jack provided in the shield machine takes a reaction force from the propulsion force transmission mechanism and the propulsion jack via the segment, and the shield machine Start
After excavating to a position where the excavation reaction force can be secured by the frictional force between the segment and the ground, the propulsion jack and the propulsion transmission mechanism are dismantled and removed from the shaft, and at least a part of the propulsion transmission mechanism is Diverted as a work floor to be left and installed at the bottom of the shaft ,
The propulsive force transmission mechanism is configured as an assembly of a large number of block bodies that can be continuously arranged in the push-out direction and can be stacked in the vertical direction, and the block bodies are assembled at positions where the bottom and both sides of the shield machine are pushed out. The cross-sectional shape of the propulsive force transmission mechanism is made into a U-shaped cross section consisting of a bottom part and wall parts on both sides and having an open top part.
A method of starting a shield machine, wherein when dismantling and removing the propulsion force transmission mechanism, the block body constituting the bottom portion is left and used as a work floor . A starting method for a shield machine according to claim 1 ,
A propulsion stand that supports the propulsion force transmission mechanism is installed at the bottom of the shaft, and the propulsion force transmission mechanism is assembled on the propulsion stand, and the propulsion force transmission mechanism is disassembled and removed when the propulsion force transmission mechanism is disassembled. A starting method for a shield machine, characterized in that the propulsion base is left together with the block body constituting the bottom of the force transmission mechanism and is used as a work floor. A starting method for a shield machine according to claim 2 ,
A method for starting a shield machine, comprising: combining a propulsion base supporting a propulsion force transmission mechanism and a start base supporting a shield machine. A starting method for a shield machine according to claim 1 ,
A starting stand that supports the shield machine is installed on the bottom of the shaft to be able to advance, and a propulsive force transmission mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the shaft to be able to advance,
While moving forward with the shield machine, the starter base is sequentially dismantled and removed from the front as it advances, and the propulsive force transmission mechanism is sequentially assembled on the bottom of the vertical shaft,
When dismantling and removing the propulsive force transmission mechanism, the block body constituting the bottom of the propulsive force transmission mechanism is left on the bottom of the shaft and diverted as a work floor. .

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