JP4261043B2 - Tunnel machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator that includes a cutter head and includes a main beam that supports the cutter head and excavates the ground with the cutter head while taking a propulsive reaction force on a well wall.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as shown in the side sectional view of FIG. 14, the tunnel excavator includes a cutter head 1 for excavating the ground and a cylindrical main beam 2 that is elongated in the front-rear direction, which is the propulsion direction, The main beam 2 supports the cutter head 1 by fixing a cutter head support 3 to the front portion thereof and attaching the cutter head 1 to the cutter head support 3 so as to be rotatable. A cutter head drive motor 4 for rotating the cutter head 1 is attached to the cutter head support 3, and a front support shoe 7 that is crimped to the well wall by a front jack 5 and a parallel link 6 is provided on each of the left and right sides and above. ing.
[0003]
Further, a gripper 9 that is crimped to the left and right well walls by a gripper jack 8 is provided slidably back and forth slightly behind the front and rear center of the main beam 2, and a thrust jack 10 extends across the gripper 9 side and the main beam 2 side. Is attached in the front-rear direction so that the gripper 9 slides relative to the main beam 2.
[0004]
Further, a rear support shoe 12 is provided below the main beam 2 below the rear beam 11 by a rear jack 11. In addition, a belt conveyor for carrying the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 1 backward is attached to the inside of the cylindrical main beam 2.
[0005]
In the tunnel excavating machine thus constructed, as excavation work, first, as shown in the explanatory view of FIG. 15A, the gripper jack 8 is used to expand the gripper 9 and crimp it to the left and right pit walls. Hold.
[0006]
Next, when the thrust jack 10 is extended in this state, as shown in the explanatory view of FIG. 15B, the main beam 2 moves forward and a propulsive force is generated and attached to the front of the main beam 2. The ground is excavated by the cutter head 1.
[0007]
Then, when the thrust jack 10 reaches the maximum stroke, the gripper 9 is separated from the left and right well walls, and the rear support shoe 12 is lowered by the rear jack 11 and pressed against the lower well wall to hold the main beam 2. To do. At this time, the front support shoe 7 is also pressed against the well wall by the front jack 5 to hold the main beam 2.
[0008]
Then, as shown in the explanatory diagram of FIG. 15C, when the thrust jack 10 is contracted in this state, the gripper 9 moves forward along the main beam 2 and returns to the original state. By repeating this, excavation work is performed.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional tunnel machine, a front support is provided in front of the elongated main beam, a rear support is provided in the rear, and a gripper is provided slightly behind the front and rear center, and a thrust is formed across the gripper and the main beam. Due to the configuration with the jack attached, there was a problem that the captain of the tunnel excavator was inevitably long and large. For this reason, the tunnel excavator becomes expensive, and in the initial stage of excavation work, the start space for starting the tunnel excavator may become large, or the assembly may be complicated, which greatly increases the initial cost of construction. There was a problem that it took. In particular, compared to excavation work for long-distance tunnels, the initial cost is high for excavation work for short-distance tunnels, where the initial cost accounts for a large percentage of the overall construction cost. For this reason, tunneling machines were rarely used for excavation work for short-distance tunnels.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator at a low cost by providing a tunnel excavator that is small and has a simple structure and can be easily manufactured.
[0010]
[Means for solving the problems and effects]
A first invention is provided with a cutter head for excavating the ground and a main beam for supporting the cutter head, and a support means having a shoe that can be crimped to the well wall in the longitudinal direction of the outer periphery of the main beam. multiple mounted at substantially the same position in, at the time of excavation, as well as promote taking a reaction force to the natural ground by crimping the shoe of support means Anakabe, during prime replacement, a first support means support means the This tunnel excavator is divided into two support means, and these two support means are rearranged alternately.
[0011]
In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the first support means comprises a roof support disposed above the main beam and a vertical support disposed below the main beam. A tunnel excavator comprising a left side support arranged on the left side of the main beam and a right side support arranged on the right side of the main beam.
[0012]
According to the first and second inventions, the excavation work can be made extremely simple by using the two support means of the first support means and the second support means to alternately change the order to simplify the work at the time of the change. It is possible to provide a tunnel excavator that can perform well. Also, since the plurality of support means to be attached are substantially at the same position in the front-rear direction of the outer periphery of the main beam, the front-rear length here can be shortened, and thus the length of the tunnel excavator can be shortened. it can.
[0013]
According to a third invention, in the first or second invention, the support means includes a support jack for pressing the shoe against the well wall, and a thrust jack for propelling the main beam and the cutter head against the shoe. It is a tunnel excavator with
[0014]
According to the third invention, the support jack and the shoe for holding the main beam with respect to the well wall with a simple structure in which the support means having the shoe, the support jack and the thrust jack are attached to the outer periphery of the main beam. Various devices such as a thrust jack for propelling the main beam and the cutter head can be integrated here, and the length of the tunnel machine can be greatly shortened, and the tunnel machine can be reduced in size and weight. Thereby, in the initial stage in excavation work, the start space for starting the tunnel excavator can be reduced, or the assembly can be facilitated, and the work cost can be greatly reduced. Moreover, the tunnel excavator can be provided at a very low cost by making the tunnel excavator small and simple.
[0015]
According to a fourth invention, in the first or second invention, the main beam is provided with a slide frame that is slidable with respect to the main beam, and one end of the main beam is attached to the slide frame and the shoe is attached. A tunnel excavator having a support jack and a parallel link for pressure-bonding to a pit wall and a thrust jack for propelling a main beam and a cutter head against the shoe.
[0016]
According to the fourth invention, the main beam is provided with the sliding frame, and one end of the support jack is attached to the outer periphery of the sliding frame, so that the thrust jack and the support are provided at the time of excavation or turning in excavation work. By moving only the thrust jack without moving it in synchronism with the jack, excavation and direction change can be performed, and the control of each jack can be made very easy and simple.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The first embodiment of the tunnel excavator of the present invention will be described. The tunnel excavator excavates in the ground as shown in the side sectional view of FIG. 1, the arrow view of FIG. 2, and the plan sectional view of FIG. A cutter head 21 is provided, and a rectangular cylindrical main beam 22 that is shortened in the front-rear direction, which is the propulsion direction, is provided. The main beam 22 has a cutter head support 23 fixed to a front portion thereof. The cutter head 21 is supported by rotatably mounting the cutter head 21. Further, a cutter head driving motor 24 for rotating the cutter head 21 is attached to the cutter head support 23. A belt conveyor 25 is attached to the inside of the main beam 22 in the shape of a rectangular cylinder to convey the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 21 backward.
[0018]
On the other hand, a plurality of support means are attached to the outer periphery of the main beam 22. The support means includes a first support means 30 and a second support means 40 that hold the main beam 22 with respect to the pit wall on the outer periphery of the main beam 22. They are attached at substantially the same position in the front-rear direction which is the propulsion direction.
[0019]
The first support means 30 includes a roof support 31 arranged on the upper side of the main beam 22 and a vertical support 32 arranged on the lower side of the main beam 22 that is symmetrical with the roof support 31 in the circumferential direction. . The roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 have a curved plate-like shoe 33 that can be crimped to the well wall, and the shoe 33 is angled from the left and right of the front portion and the left and right of the rear portion of the main beam 22. It has four support jacks 34 that press the shoe 33 against the pit wall by connecting in a state, and the angle is set to the shoe 33 from the rear surface of the cutter head support 23 located inside the four support jacks 34. The two thrust jacks 35 for propelling the main beam 22 and the cutter head 21 are connected by being connected in the above state.
[0020]
The second support means 40 includes a left side support 41 disposed on the left side of the main beam 22 and a right side support 42 disposed on the right side of the main beam 22 that is symmetrical with the left side support 41 in the circumferential direction. . The left side support 41 and the right side support 42 have a curved plate-like shoe 43 that can be crimped to the well wall, and the main beam 22 is angled from the left and right of the front part and from the left and right of the rear part, respectively. It has four support jacks 44 that press the shoe 43 against the pit wall by connecting in a state, and the angle is set to the shoe 43 from the rear surface of the cutter head support 23 located outside the four support jacks 44. The four thrust jacks 45 for propelling the main beam 22 and the cutter head 21 are connected by being connected in the above state. The thrust jack 45 is arranged in a horizontal C shape inclining from the horizontal in the circumferential direction, and configured to transmit the excavation torque reaction force to the shoe 43.
[0021]
Next, the excavation work in such a tunnel machine will be described.
As the excavation work, as shown in the explanatory views of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the support jacks 34 of the first support means 30 and the vertical support 32 of the first support means 30 are extended to press the shoes 33 against the well wall. At the same time, the support jacks 44 in the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are extended and the shoe 43 is pressure-bonded to the pit wall to hold the main beam 22.
[0022]
In this state, as shown in the explanatory diagrams of FIGS. 5A and 5B, the thrust jacks 35 in the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 of the first support means 30 and the left side of the second support means 40. When the thrust jacks 45 in the side support 41 and the right side support 42 are extended all at once, the main beam 22 moves forward, and a propulsive force is generated so that the cutter head 21 attached in front of the main beam 22 Excavate. The above is the time of excavation.
[0023]
When the thrust jacks 35 and 45 reach the maximum stroke, first, the support jacks 44 in the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are contracted to separate the shoes 43 from the well wall. As shown in the explanatory views of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the thrust jacks 45 in the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 are contracted to move the shoe 43 forward.
[0024]
Next, the support jacks 44 in the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are extended again, and the shoe 43 is crimped to the pit wall to hold the main beam 22. Then, this time, the support jacks 34 in the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 of the first support means 30 are shrunk to separate the shoes 33 from the well wall, and in this state, explanatory views of FIGS. 7 (A) and (B). As shown in FIG. 3, the thrust jacks 35 in the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 are contracted to move the shoe 33 forward. The above is the time of reordering. As a result, as shown in the explanatory diagrams of FIGS. 8A and 8B, the state returns to the original state, and by repeating this, excavation work is performed.
[0025]
In this tunnel excavator, the direction change in the tunnel support machine includes the roof support 31 of the first support means 30 and the thrust jacks 35 and the support jacks 34 of the vertical support 32, and the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40. By controlling the extension amounts of the thrust jacks 45 and the support jacks 44, the direction can be freely changed vertically and horizontally.
[0026]
Thus, by attaching the first support means 30 and the second support means 40 to the outer periphery of the main beam 22, the support jacks 34, 44 and the shoes 33, 43 for holding the main beam 22 with respect to the well wall, Various devices such as thrust jacks 35 and 45 for propelling the main beam 22 and the cutter head 21 can be concentrated on the outer periphery of the main beam 22 that is shortened in the front-rear direction. The excavator can be made smaller and lighter. In addition, the two support means, that is, the first support means 30 and the second support means 40 can be used for alternate reordering, and the work during reordering can be simplified.
[0027]
Further, since the thrust jacks 45 in the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are inclined in the circumferential direction and arranged in a horizontal C shape, the cutter head 21 is rotated during excavation work. The torque reaction force can be transmitted to the pit wall via the shoes 33, 43 by the thrust jack 45, and excavation work can be performed stably.
[0028]
In this thrust jack 45, all four thrust jacks 45 on the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are tilted, but only one or two are tilted. On the contrary, the thrust jacks 35 on the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 of the first support means 30 may be tilted.
[0029]
In the tunnel excavator described above, the first support means 30 is composed of two supports, a roof support 31 and a vertical support 32, and the second support means 40 is also composed of two supports, a left side support 41 and a right side support 42. However, the present invention is not limited to these. For example, the first support means 30 may be provided only on the lower side and may be configured by three supports, or a plurality of five or more. You may make it comprise from support of.
[0030]
Next, a second embodiment of the tunnel excavator of the present invention will be described. The overall configuration of the tunnel excavator is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, but the main beam 22 and the support means 30 and 40 are the same. However, the configuration is slightly different.
[0031]
As shown in the side sectional view of FIG. 9, the arrow view of FIG. 10, and the plan sectional view of FIG. 11, a sliding frame 26 is provided on the outer periphery of the rectangular cylindrical main beam 22 that shortens in the front-rear direction that is the propulsion direction. The sliding frame 26 has a rectangular short cylindrical shape, and sliding plate members 27 are attached to the inner peripheral sides of the upper, lower, left and right sides, and can be slid relative to the main beam 22 via the sliding plate 27. .
[0032]
A plurality of support means are attached to the outer peripheries of the slide frame 26 and the main beam 22, and the support means includes a first support means 30 for holding the slide frame 26 and the main beam 22 with respect to the well wall and a second support means. The support means 40 is attached to the outer periphery of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22 at substantially the same position in the front-rear direction which is the propulsion direction.
[0033]
The first support means 30 includes a roof support 31 disposed on the upper side of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22, and a lower side of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22 that are symmetrical to the roof support 31 in the circumferential direction. And a vertical support 32 disposed on the surface. The roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 have a curved plate-like shoe 33 that can be crimped to the well wall, and are connected to the shoe 33 at an angle from the left and right sides of the rear portion of the sliding frame 26. There are two support jacks 34 for crimping the shoe 33 to the pit wall, and parallel links 36 connected to the shoe 33 from the left and right of the front part and the left and right of the rear part of the sliding frame 26, respectively. 34 and two thrust jacks 35 for propelling the main beam 22 and the cutter head 21 by connecting to the shoe 33 with the angle lying from the rear surface of the cutter head support 23 located outside the parallel link 36. The thrust jack 35 is arranged in a horizontal C shape inclining from the horizontal in the circumferential direction, and configured to transmit the excavation torque reaction force to the shoe 33.
[0034]
The second support means 40 includes a left side support 41 disposed on the left side of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22, and a right side of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22 that is symmetrical with the left side support 41 in the circumferential direction. And a right side support 42 disposed on the right side. The left side support 41 and the right side support 42 also have a curved plate-like shoe 43 that can be crimped to the well wall, similar to the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 described above. The two support jacks 44 for crimping the shoe 43 to the pit wall by connecting the shoe 43 at an angled position and the left and right sides of the front part and the right and left parts of the rear part of the sliding frame 26 are connected to the shoe 43 in parallel. The main beam 22 and the cutter head 21 are provided by having a link 46 and connecting to the shoe 43 with the angle lying from the rear surface of the cutter head support 23 located outside the two support jacks 44 and the parallel link 46. There are two thrust jacks 45 for propulsion. The thrust jack 45 is also arranged in a horizontal C shape inclining from the horizontal in the circumferential direction, and configured to transmit the excavation torque reaction force to the shoe 43.
[0035]
Next, as excavation work in the tunnel excavator thus configured, during excavation, as shown in the explanatory views of FIGS. 12A and 12B, the first support means 30 is substantially the same as in the first embodiment. The roof 33, the vertical support 32, and the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are used to press the shoes 33, 43 against the well wall to hold the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22, and The thrust supports 35 and 45 of the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 of the first support means 30 and the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of the second support means 40 are stretched all at once, with respect to the sliding frame 26. By moving the main beam 22 forward, the cutter head 21 excavates the ground.
[0036]
At the time of exchanging in excavation work, as in the first embodiment, the shoes 43 of the second side support means 40 and the left side support 41 of the second support means 40 and the shoes 43 of the right side support 42 are separated from the well wall, and the thrust jacks 45 are contracted. After moving forward and then pressing the shoe 43 of the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 against the pit wall to hold the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22, this time, the first support means 30 The shoes 33 of the roof support 31 and the vertical support 32 are separated from the pit wall and the thrust jacks 35 are contracted, whereby the shoes 33 are moved forward and returned to the original state at the time of excavation.
[0037]
In this tunnel excavator, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the roof support 31 of the first support means 30, the thrust jacks 35 of the vertical support 32, and the second support means. By controlling the extension amount of each thrust jack 45 in the left side support 41 and the right side support 42 of 40, the direction can be freely changed up and down and left and right.
[0038]
Thus, by attaching the first support means 30 and the second support means 40 to the outer peripheries of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22, support jacks 34, 44 for holding the main beam 22 with respect to the well wall, and Various devices such as the shoes 33 and 43, the main beam 22 and the thrust jacks 35 and 45 for propelling the cutter head 21 can be concentrated on the outer periphery of the sliding frame 26 and the main beam 22 which are shortened in the front-rear direction. It is possible to significantly reduce the length of the machine and reduce the size and weight of the tunnel machine. In addition, the two support means, that is, the first support means 30 and the second support means 40 can be used for alternate reordering, and the work during reordering can be simplified.
[0039]
In addition, the slide frame 26 is provided on the outer periphery of the main beam 22, and one end of the support jacks 34 and 44 is attached to the outer periphery of the main beam 22, so that when excavating or changing the direction in excavation work, as in the first embodiment described above. By moving only the thrust jacks 35 and 45 without moving the thrust jacks 35 and 45 in synchronism with the support jacks 34 and 44, excavation and direction change can be performed, and control of each jack is very easy and It can be simple.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a tunnel machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view on arrow Y in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view of a tunnel machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation operation | work in the tunnel machine by this invention.
FIG. 5A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation operation | work in the tunnel machine by this invention.
FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation operation | work in the tunnel machine by this invention.
FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation operation | work in the tunnel machine by this invention.
FIG. 8A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation operation | work in the tunnel machine by this invention.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view of another tunnel machine according to the present invention.
10 is a view as seen from the direction of the arrow Z in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional plan view of another tunnel machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 12A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation operation | work in the tunnel machine by this invention.
FIG. 13 (A) is an explanatory view showing the direction change of excavation work in the tunnel excavator according to the present invention.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the direction change of the excavation operation | work in the tunnel excavation machine by this invention.
FIG. 14 is a side sectional view of a conventional tunneling machine.
FIG. 15A is an explanatory diagram showing excavation work in a conventional tunnel excavator.
(B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation work in the conventional tunnel machine.
(C) It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation work in the conventional tunnel machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cutter head, 2 ... Main beam, 3 ... Cutter head support motor, 4 ... Cutter head drive motor, 5 ... Front jack, 6 ... Parallel link, 7 ... Front support shoe, 8 ... Gripper jack, 9 ... Gripper, 10 ... Thrust jack, 11 ... Rear jack, 12 ... Rear support shoe, 21 ... Cutter head, 22 ... Main beam, 23 ... Cutter head support, 24 ... Cutter head drive motor, 25 ... Belt conveyor, 26 ... Sliding frame, 27 ... Sliding plate material 30 ... first support means 31 ... roof support 32 ... vertical support 33 ... shoes 34 ... support jack 35 ... thrust jack 36 ... parallel link 40 ... second support means 41 ... Left side support, 42 ... right side support, 43 ... shoe, 4 ... support jack, 45 ... thrust jack, 46 ... parallel link.

Claims (4)

A cutter head (21) for excavating the ground, a main beam (22) for supporting the cutter head (21), and shoes (33) and (43) that can be crimped to the well wall are provided. A plurality of support means (30), (40) are attached at substantially the same position in the front-rear direction of the outer periphery of the main beam (22),
At the time of excavation, the shoes (33), (43) of the support means (30), (40) are pushed against the ground by pressing them against the well wall, and at the time of replacement, the support means (30 ), (40) is divided into a first support means (30) and a second support means (40), and these two support means (30), (40) are alternately replaced. . The first support means (30) includes a roof support (31) disposed above the main beam (22) and a vertical support (32) disposed below the main beam (22). The two support means (40) includes a left side support (41) disposed on the left side of the main beam (22) and a right side support (42) disposed on the right side of the main beam (22). The tunnel machine according to claim 1. Support jacks (34), (44) for pressing the shoes (33), (43) to the well wall to the support means (30), (40), and the shoes (33), (43) The tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising thrust jacks (35), (45) for propelling the main beam (22) and the cutter head (21). The main beam (22) includes a sliding frame (26) that is slidable with respect to the main beam (22).
Support jacks (34), (44) and parallel to the support means (30), (40) for attaching one end to the sliding frame (26) and crimping the shoes (33), (43) to the well wall. There are links (36), (46) and thrust jacks (35), (45) for propelling the main beam (22) and the cutter head (21) against the shoes (33), (43). The tunnel excavation machine according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the tunnel excavation machine is provided.

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