JP2001182483A - Tunnel excavating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel excavating machine capable of carrying out assembly work of a timbering body while preventing base rock fall in a tunnel even in the middle of tunnel excavation. SOLUTION: This tunnel excavating machine constituted to excavate a tunnel advancing a main hood by extension of a driving jack in a state of applying a rear gripper on a drilling ground with pressure by providing a front gripper on the main hood side on a front end of which a cutter head is provided and providing the rear gripper on the beam body side arranged from a front end of the main hood backward free to move in the longitudinal direction is constituted to store a hood for timbering body assembly an inner part of which is formed in a timbering body assembly part in a rear end part of the main hood and to move the hood for assembly backward in accordance with extension of the driving jack while assembling the timbering body in this hood.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a tunnel excavator for excavating a tunnel in rock.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an excavator for excavating a tunnel in a collapsible bedrock containing many fragile rocky parts such as cracks and crush zones is shown in FIG.
A support section that rotatably supports the cutter head 23 on the front of 22
While integrally providing 24, a beam body 25 having a front end fixed to the center of the rear surface of the partition 22 of the cylindrical hood 21 is provided, and a plurality of front grippers 26 are arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the support portion 24, A rear gripper 27 is slidably disposed in the longitudinal direction of the beam member 25 at the rear of the beam member 25 projecting rearward from the rear end of the cylindrical hood 21.
It has a structure provided with a propulsion jack 28 connected to the 21 side and a rear end connected to the rear gripper side. The inside of the rear part of the cylindrical hood 21 is formed in the assembly part 29 of the tunnel support A.

After assembling the tunnel support body A in a ring shape in the assembling section 29, the rear gripper 27 is pressed against the excavation wall surface to take a propulsion reaction force on the tunnel wall surface, and in this state, the propulsion jack 28 is extended. Thereby, the tubular hood 21 is advanced to excavate a tunnel of a fixed length by the cutter head 23, while the tunnel support body A assembled in the assembling portion 29 on the excavated wall surface T exposed behind the cylindrical hood 21.
After expanding and supporting the digging wall T, the front gripper 26 is pressed against the digging wall while the rear gripper 27 is released, and the propulsion jack 28 is contracted to pull the rear gripper 27 toward the cylindrical hood 21 side. Again, the assembling work of the tunnel support A in the assembling section 29 is performed in the same manner as described above.

[0004]

However, according to the above-described tunnel excavator, the tunnel support A is assembled in the rear portion of the cylindrical hood 21.
During the excavation of the tunnel, there is a problem that the support body A cannot be assembled. The reason is that, when the tunnel support A is assembled in the rear part of the cylindrical hood 21 during the excavation of the tunnel, the cylindrical hood 21 moves forward with the excavation of the tunnel, so that the excavated wall surface T exposed on the rear side thereof is exposed. Cannot be supported by the tunnel support body A, and rocks collapse from the exposed excavation wall surface, thereby impairing the safety of work.

Therefore, when assembling the tunnel support A in the rear portion of the cylindrical hood 21, the assembly must be performed while the tunnel excavator is stopped, which reduces the work efficiency and requires a long tunnel construction period. There was a problem of doing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a structure for supporting a tunnel support body while reliably preventing rocks and the like from falling down from a wall of an excavation during excavation of the tunnel. An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator that can be assembled smoothly and efficiently.

[0007]

To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a front end of a main hood having a cutter head rotatably provided at a front end thereof is provided. A beam body integrally connected is provided on the front end side, and a rear gripper is slidably disposed in a longitudinal direction of the beam body at a rear portion of the beam body that protrudes rearward from the main hood. In a tunnel excavator provided with a propulsion jack connected to a main hood and a rear end connected to a rear gripper side, a tunnel support is provided at a rear end of the main hood from inside the main hood toward the rear gripper side. The support body assembling hood for assembling the body is movably arranged.

In the tunnel excavator, the invention according to claim 2 is a means for moving the support body assembling hood forward and backward with respect to the main hood, and extends the support body assembling hood in synchronization with the extension speed of the propulsion jack. The propulsion assist jack moves the main hood backward from the rear end.

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that an erector is disposed in the support body assembling hood, and the invention according to claim 4 is that the support body assembling hood is arranged in the circumferential direction. A plurality of divided hood portions are configured to be moved back and forth by a propulsion assist jack.

[0010]

Before starting excavation of the tunnel, the propulsion jack is contracted to move the rear gripper forward along the beam body, press it against the excavated ground at that position, and pull the support body assembly hood forward from the rear gripper. Then, at least the front half portion corresponding to the length of the tunnel of a certain length excavated by the tunnel excavator is slidably housed in the rear portion of the main hood.

In this state, the assembling of the next tunnel support body is started while the rear end face is joined to the front end face of the previously assembled tunnel support body in the support body assembling hood, and the propulsion jack is extended to excavate. The main hood is advanced by applying a reaction force to the rear gripper pressed against the wall surface, and the cutter head excavates the tunnel. At this time, the extension of the propulsion jack, that is, the support body assembling hood is moved rearward in synchronization with the tunnel excavation speed, and covers the inner peripheral surface of the excavated wall surface exposed to the rear of the main hood as the excavation proceeds. . The rearward movement of the support body assembling hood is achieved by extending the propulsion auxiliary jack connecting the front end to the main hood side and the rear end to the support body assembling hood in synchronization with the extension speed of the propulsion jack. It can be performed smoothly and reliably.

Thus, after excavating a tunnel of a fixed length, the front gripper is pressed against the excavation wall while the rear gripper is released from the excavation wall, and then the propulsion jack is contracted to move the rear gripper forward to the next excavation start position. And at the same time, while moving the support body assembling hood toward the main hood, the tunnel support body assembled in the support body assembling hood is sent out relatively rearward in accordance with the amount of the movement, and the support body assembling body until then. The exposed surface of the excavation wall surface covered by the hood is directly covered by the tunnel support, and the tunnel support is expanded to support the excavation wall. Thereafter, the tunnel excavator is excavated again while assembling the tunnel support body in the support body assembly hood in the same manner as described above.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a tunnel excavator, and shows a cylindrical main hood 1 having a fixed length. A partition part 2 is integrally provided at the front end, and a support part 4 for rotatably supporting the cutter head 3 is fixed to the front surface of the partition part 2 and the center part of the rear surface of the support part 4 is arranged in the tunnel length direction in the tunnel length direction. A front end of a prism-shaped beam body 5 longer than the main hood 1 is fixed, and a front gripper 6 that is curved in an arc shape in the tunnel circumferential direction is disposed around the outer periphery of the support portion 4. Further, a rear gripper 7 is disposed movably in the longitudinal direction of the beam member 5 at the rear half of the beam member 5 projecting rearward from the rear end of the main hood 1, and the space between the main hood 1 and the rear gripper 7 is propelled. It has a structure connected by jacks 8.

In the tunnel excavator thus constructed, the outer diameter of the rear end of the main hood 1 is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the main hood 1 from the inside of the main hood 1 toward the rear gripper 7. The formed tunnel support body assembling hood 9 is movably disposed. The support body assembling hood 9 is formed in a short cylindrical shape whose length is longer than the length of the tunnel support body A for one ring in the tunnel direction, and is disposed in front of the rear gripper 7 to be behind the main hood 1. Plural pieces are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction between the rear face of the partition 2 of the main hood 1 and the front end face of the support body assembling hood 9. Are connected by a propulsion auxiliary jack 10. An erector 11 is provided in the front end of the support body assembling hood 9.

As shown in FIG. 2, the erector 11 is an erector ring which is pivotally supported on the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the support body assembling hood 9 and has a rack 11b formed on the inner peripheral surface.
11a and a pinion 11c, which is provided at an appropriate position of the support body assembling hood 9 and is fixed on its rotating shaft, is connected to the rack 11b.
The drive motor 11d meshed with the
It comprises an erector head 11e attached to a and detachable from support pieces A1, A2, A3 described later, and a plurality of support piece support fittings 11f erected on the outer peripheral surface of the erector ring 11a.

The cutter head 3 is rotated by a rotary drive motor (not shown) provided on the support portion 4 as is well known, and the front gripper 6 is provided on the outer periphery of the support portion 4. The rear gripper 7 disposed on the beam body 5 side is configured to be able to expand and contract toward the tunnel excavation wall surface T. Further, a specific structure in which the rear gripper 7 is disposed movably in the length direction with respect to the beam member 5 is a beam formed in a U-shaped cross section at the rear of the beam member 5 as shown in FIG. The beam 12 is supported by the central recess 12a of the beam receiver 12, and the telescopic jacks 13, 13 of the rear grippers 7, 7 are mounted on both sides of the lower surface of the beam receiver 12. The rear end of the propulsion jacks 8, 8 whose front ends are connected to the rear end of the partition 2 of the main hood 1, are connected to the base end of the main hood 1.

Numerals 14 and 14 denote jacks connecting the both sides of the beam receiver 11 and the extendable jacks 12 and 12, respectively.
The beam body 5 is moved in the vertical direction with respect to 11, and the vertical direction correction and the rolling correction of the tunnel excavator are performed. Reference numeral 20 denotes a support jack attached to the lower surface of the rear end of the beam member 5.

In order to excavate a tunnel in the rocky ground by the tunnel excavator constructed as described above and to support the excavated wall surface T by the tunnel supporter A, first, as shown in FIG. Is extended and brought into a state of being pressed against the excavation wall T, and then the propulsion jacks 8 and 8 are contracted so that the beam receiver 12 provided with the rear grippers 7 and 7 is moved along the beam 5 to the central portion of the beam 5. , And the propulsion assist jack 10 is contracted so that the support body assembling hood 9 is housed in the rear end of the main hood 1.

Thereafter, while the rear grippers 7, 7 are pressed against the excavation wall T, the front gripper 6 is contracted in the inner diameter direction of the tunnel excavator to release the pressure from the excavation wall T. In this state, the cutter head 3 is rotated. The main hood 1 is advanced while the propulsion jacks 8, 8 are extended, and the propulsion reaction force is received on the excavation wall T by the rear grippers 7, 7, thereby excavating the tunnel.

Further, by extending the auxiliary propulsion jack 10 at the same extension speed in synchronization with the extension of the propulsion jacks 8, 8, the support body assembling hood 9 is sent out to the rear of the main hood 1 as shown in FIG. In accordance with the excavation of the tunnel excavator, the inner peripheral surface of the excavation wall T that is exposed rearward from the rear end of the main hood 1 is covered to prevent the rock on the excavation wall T from falling into the tunnel even if the rock falls or falls. To prevent. On the other hand, in the support body assembling hood 9, assembling work of the support body A is performed simultaneously with the start of tunnel excavation. As shown in FIG. 1, the extension amount of the propulsion jack 8 is detected by a stroke meter 21, and a hydraulic pump 23 of the propulsion auxiliary jack 10 is operated by a control means 22 to connect the propulsion auxiliary jack 10 to the propulsion jack 8. It is configured to extend by the same amount.

The tunnel support A is, as shown in FIG.
A plurality of support pieces A1, A2, and A3, which are curved in an arc shape along the excavation wall surface T and have a constant arc length, are assembled in a circular ring shape by connecting the support pieces A1, A2, and A3 in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. , A2 and A3 are front and rear main girders curved in an arc shape along the excavation wall surface T as shown in FIGS.
It consists of a steel rectangular frame which is integrally fixed between the both ends in the length direction of 14 and 15 by flat plate-like joint plates 16 and 17, and the supporting piece A1 is arranged along the top end surface of the excavation wall T. As shown in FIG. 6, a rock fall prevention member 18 made of a wire mesh is stretched over the entire outer peripheral surface of the rectangular frame. The support piece A2 is provided along both sides of the excavation wall T, and as shown in FIG. 7, a rock fall prevention member 18 made of wire mesh is stretched over the upper half of the outer peripheral surface of the rectangular frame. are doing. Further, the support piece A3 is disposed along the bottom surface of the excavation wall surface T, and as shown in FIG. 8, the wire mesh is composed of only a rectangular frame that is not stretched at all. Note that these support pieces A
A plurality of bolt connection holes 19 are formed at predetermined intervals in at least the joint plates 16 and 17 of 1, A2 and A3.

These support pieces A1, A2, A3 are assembled into a circular ring-shaped support A in the assembling hood 9 by the erector 11, and the support A is assembled before the excavation wall T is supported. The rear end face is joined to the front end face of the support body A, and is temporarily fixed and connected with a bolt or an appropriate connection fitting as necessary.

As described above, while the main hood 1 is advanced and the cutter head 3 provided on the front side of the main hood 1 excavates the tunnel, the support body assembling hood 9 is fed rearward from the rear end of the main hood 1 according to the excavation. When the support body A is assembled and a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated, the front gripper 6 is pressed against the excavation wall T, and then the rear gripper 7 is released from the excavation wall T, and then the propulsion jack is driven. 8 to shrink the rear gripper 7
Along with the beam receiver 12 to the next excavation start position.

On the other hand, by contracting the propulsion auxiliary jack 10, the support body assembling hood 9 is moved forward and accommodated in the rear end portion of the main hood 1, and the amount of forward movement of the support body assembling hood 9 is reduced. Accordingly, the support body A assembled in the support body assembling hood 9 is relatively sent out backward, and the excavation wall T of the rear portion of the main hood 1 which has been covered with the support body assembling hood 9 until then. The exposed surface is covered with the support A. By connecting the support A in the support body assembling hood 9 to the support A previously assembled, the support A can be automatically sent backward.

As shown in FIG. 5, the support body A sent to the excavation wall T side is expanded in diameter by using a jack or the like so that the outer peripheral surface is brought into close contact with the excavation wall T, and It is to support. Thereafter, the tunnel is assembled again by assembling the support pieces A1, A2, and A3 in the support body assembling hood 9 in the same manner as described above so that the next support body A is joined to the front end face of the support body A again. Excavation is performed, and the support body assembling hood 9 is moved rearward from the main hood 1 in accordance with the excavation amount to cover the excavation wall surface T at the rear portion of the main hood 1.

In the above-described embodiment, the support body assembling hood 9 is configured to be sent out rearward in accordance with the tunnel excavation amount from a state in which the hood 9 is housed substantially entirely in the main hood 1. The assembling hood 9 is configured such that the front half of the main hood 1 is inserted into the rear end of the main hood 1 so as to be freely protruded and retracted, and the support body A is assembled in the rear half of the main hood 1. In short, the assembly hood 9 may be movably disposed at the rear end of the main hood 1 from inside the main hood 1 toward the rear gripper 7.

FIG. 9 shows an assembling hood 9 'in which the front half 9A is inserted into the main hood 1 so as to be able to protrude and retract from the main hood 1, and the rear half 9B always projects rearward from the main hood 1. An example is shown in which the front half 9A is formed as a small diameter portion whose outer peripheral surface is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the main hood 1, while the rear half 9B has a large inner and outer diameter substantially the same as the inner and outer diameters of the main hood 1. It is formed in the diameter part. The erector 11 is arranged on the rear end side of the front half 9A, and the support A is assembled in the rear half 9B. Other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, and thus the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The support body assembling hood 9 'constructed as described above.
When the main hood 1 is advanced and excavated by extending the propulsion jack 8 while supporting the propulsion reaction force by the rear gripper 7 which presses the tunnel excavator to the excavation wall T, the rear half of the excavation is performed during the excavation. The support pieces A1, A2, and A3 are assembled in a ring shape in 9B to form the support body A, and the propulsion auxiliary jack 10 is extended according to the excavation amount, so that the first half 9A is formed in the excavation wall T behind the main hood 1. It is pushed out to the side. After the tunnel of a certain length has been excavated, the propulsion auxiliary jack 10 is contracted, so that the support body A assembled in the rear half 9B is excavated on the excavation wall T.
After being relatively sent out to the side, the excavation wall surface T is supported by expanding.

At this time, the rear half 9B of the support body assembling hood 9 'has a larger diameter than the assembling hood 9 of the above embodiment in which the entire assembling hood is accommodated in the rear end of the main hood 1. Therefore, it is possible to assemble the support body A having a larger diameter than the support body A assembled in a ring shape in the assembling hood 9. Therefore, the support body A is sent to the excavation wall T side. The time required for the work to be expanded and brought into close contact with the excavation wall surface T can be shortened, so that there is an advantage that the non-support time is shortened and the operation for supporting the excavation wall surface can be performed more efficiently.

Although the main hood 1 and the assembling hoods 9 and 9 'are formed in a cylindrical shape covering the entire excavation wall T, the collapse of the rock occurs on the top end side. Yes, there is no problem even if the bedrock is separated on the bottom side, so it is not always necessary to form it into a cylindrical shape. As shown in FIG. 10, a semicircular shape that covers only the top end surface of the excavation wall T May be formed in advance. In this case, the lower ends of both sides of the assembling hoods 9 and 9 'are bent inward so that the lower ends of both sides of the assembling hoods 9 and 9' are slidably supported in the tunnel length direction. It is desirable.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the assembling hoods 9 and 9 'are divided into a plurality in the circumferential direction, and each divided hood 9
The auxiliary propulsion jack 8 may be connected to the front end surfaces of 1, 92, and 93. In this case, only the divided hood portion corresponding to a part of the excavated wall surface T where separation or collapse occurs may be the main hood 1. The working time can be shortened and working efficiency can be improved as compared with moving the entire assembly hood 9, 9 'back and forth.

Further, the auxiliary propulsion jack 8 is
Since the extension amount is equal to the extension amount of the tunnel excavator, that is, the extension amount of the propulsion jack 8,
The rear end surfaces of the assembling hoods 9 and 9 'can always be brought into contact with and received by the front end surface of the support body A previously assembled, so that the front end surface side of the support body A previously assembled is excavated. It is possible to reliably prevent the wall surface T from being exposed, and in the case of collapsible rock mass in which the rear gripper 7 cannot support a sufficient reaction force on the excavated wall surface T, abut against the front end surface of the support body A.
The propulsion opposite to the tubular hood 1 can be supported via the assembling hoods 9 and 9 'to be received.

[0033]

As described above, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, a beam formed by integrally connecting a front end to a front end of the main hood in a main hood having a cutter head rotatably provided at the front end. A rear gripper is disposed slidably in the length direction of the beam body at a rear portion of the beam body that protrudes rearward from the main hood, and a front end is connected to the main hood side and a rear end is located at the rear gripper side. In a tunnel excavator provided with a propulsion jack connected to a hood, a support body assembling hood for assembling a tunnel support body inside the main hood toward the rear gripper side at the rear end of the main hood is movable. When the tunnel is excavated by extending the propulsion jack, the hood for assembling the support body from inside the main hood according to the excavation. , The excavation wall behind the main hood can always be covered by the support body assembling hood. Therefore, the collapse of rocks and the like from the excavation wall can be reliably performed by the support body assembling hood. Tunnel excavation can be performed while preventing, and the support body can be assembled in the support body assembling hood even during excavation, ensuring safety and rapid construction, greatly shortening the tunnel construction period. can do.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the support body assembling hood is moved rearward from the rear end of the main hood by the propulsion auxiliary jack extending in synchronization with the extension speed of the propulsion jack. As a result, not only can the back-and-forth movement of the support body assembling hood with respect to the main hood be smoothly performed, but also the rear end face of the support-body assembling hood always abuts on the front end face of the support body previously assembled. The excavation wall can be reliably prevented from being exposed to the rear side of the main hood, and the propulsion reaction force of the tunnel excavator can be supported through the support body assembling hood. It can also be received by the body side, and reliable support can be achieved even in a collapsed rock mass where a sufficient reaction force cannot be supported by the rear gripper.

Further, according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the erector is disposed in the support body assembling hood, the support body assembling work during tunnel excavation in the support body assembling hood is efficiently performed. I can do it.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the support body assembling hood is divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction, and each of the divided hood parts is configured to be moved back and forth by the propulsion auxiliary jack. Only the divided hood part corresponding to a part of the excavation wall where collapse or collapse occurs needs to protrude rearward from the rear end of the main hood, which reduces the work time compared to moving the entire assembly hood back and forth, and improves work efficiency. Can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a simplified longitudinal side view of a tunnel excavator,

FIG. 2 is a front view of an erector,

FIG. 3 is a vertical front view of a rear gripper portion,

FIG. 4 is a simplified vertical sectional side view of a state where a support body assembling hood is moved rearward;

FIG. 5 is a simplified vertical sectional side view showing a state where the support body assembling hood is stored in a main hood;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a support piece for supporting a tunnel top end surface,

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a support piece for supporting the side surface of the tunnel,

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a support piece for supporting the bottom surface of the tunnel,

FIG. 9 is a simplified longitudinal side view showing another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional front view of a hood formed in a semicircular shape,

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional side view when a support body assembling hood is divided into a plurality of parts.

FIG. 12 is a simplified vertical side view showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main hood 3 Cutter head 5 Beam body 6 Front gripper 7 Rear gripper 8 Propulsion jack 9 Hood for support body assembly 10 Propulsion auxiliary jack 11 Elector A Support body T Excavation wall

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A beam body having a front end integrally connected to a front end side of a main hood provided in a main hood having a cutter head rotatably provided at a front end, and protruding rearward from the main hood of the beam body. A tunnel excavator having a rear gripper disposed slidably in the longitudinal direction of the beam body at the rear, and a propulsion jack having a front end connected to the main hood side and a rear end connected to the rear gripper side. , A support body assembling hood for assembling a tunnel support body inside the main hood toward the rear gripper from the rear end of the main hood is movably disposed. . 2. The support body assembling hood is configured to be moved rearward from the rear end of the main hood by a propulsion auxiliary jack that extends in synchronization with the extension speed of the propulsion jack. 2. The tunnel excavator according to 1. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the erector is disposed in the support body assembling hood. 4. The support body assembling hood is divided into a plurality in the circumferential direction, and each of the divided hood portions is configured to be moved back and forth by a propulsion assist jack. A tunnel excavator according to claim 2 or claim 3.