JP2516582B2 - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel construction method suitable for application to a small cross section tunnel for use in a waterway or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a tunnel having a relatively small cross section for use in a waterway or the like, as a method of constructing it economically, an excavator is used to excavate and form a tunnel, while the tunnel side is formed annularly. There is already known a tunnel construction method called so-called propulsion method or push tube method, in which lining members made of precast pipes are pushed into the ground in order by a hydraulic jack etc. and lining is performed in the form of multiple joints. . In such a tunnel construction method, the extendable length of the lining member, that is, the propulsion distance per span, is limited by the press-fitting ability of the hydraulic jack. Since it is extremely difficult to construct a tunnel, for example, a vertical shaft is excavated and formed at every 200 m / span or at each curved construction point, and the vertical shaft is used as a propulsion relay base point for precast pipes to install hydraulic jacks again. Work will proceed.

[0003]

However, in such a method, many vertical shafts must be excavated and formed as the length of the tunnel becomes longer, which affects the above-ground elements for the vertical shaft excavation and increases the construction period and cost. However, there is a drawback that it is difficult to apply it to a long tunnel. Also, if there is an obstacle above the tunnel construction position, or if there are restrictions on the ground elements such as roads and structures, it is necessary to avoid this one by one and install a shaft,
Then, there arises such an inconvenience that it is extremely difficult to construct a curve of the tunnel and further increase in the number of shafts installed due to the curve construction. Particularly in recent years, even in areas where structures are densely gathered on the ground, there is an increasing demand for economically and efficiently constructing small cross-section tunnels for use in such waterways. If you can construct an unlimited long-distance tunnel without affecting ground elements such as roads and structures using the method of pushing the ground into the ground and propelling it, you can fully meet such demands. You can do it. Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention is a tunnel construction method capable of coping with a curve construction and enabling a lining member such as a precast pipe to be propelled for an unrestricted long distance without excavating a shaft at a relay position. Is provided.

[0004]

That is, according to the present invention, the excavation means (12) is arranged at the head (3c) portion of the tunnel (3), and the tunnel (3a) is provided on the rear (3a) side. (3)
A lining member piece (1
A pushing means (5) capable of pushing 1) is provided, and the excavating means (12) is propelled into the ground (2) so that the ground (2) has a cross section corresponding to the lining member piece (11). A normal section tunnel (3 ₁ ) is formed by excavating the tunnel, and the cover is connected to the normal section tunnel (3 ₁ ) by the pushing means (5) at the rear side of the excavating means (12). When the working member piece (11) is pushed in, the excavating means (12) propels it for a predetermined distance, and the lining member piece (11) is pushed in for a predetermined distance by the pushing means (5), the excavating means (12). where the normal cross-section tunnel (3 ₁₎ the normal cross-section tunnel (3 ₁₎ the form of enlarged tunnel forming the larger cross-sectional area than (33) drilling formed from the head position of the said enlarged tunnel (33) is drilled formed by , The head position of the enlarged gallery (33) With excavating form the normal cross-section tunnel (3 ₁₎ by said drilling means again (12),
The pushing means (5) is arranged in the enlarged gallery (33),
The lining member piece (11) is attached to the enlarged tunnel (33).
Is conveyed in a form of passing through the constructed normal section tunnel (3 ₁ ), and the expanded section tunnel (3 ₁ ) is re-excavated from the head position of the expanded section tunnel (33) to the expanded section tunnel (3 ₁ ). A tunnel (1) is constructed by pushing the lining member piece (11) conveyed to 33) by the pushing means (5) arranged in the enlarged tunnel (33). The numbers in parentheses () indicate the corresponding elements in the drawings for convenience, and therefore the present description is not limited to the description in the drawings. below

The same applies to the column of [Operation].

[0005]

SUMMARY OF invention With the configuration described above, through the normal pushing the cross galleries (3 ₁₎ of drilling formation and the normal lining member pieces to cross the gallery (3 ₁₎ (11), the enlarged tunnel (33) By repeating the desired number of times, the gallery (3) acts to extend the desired distance.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a tunnel under construction by the tunnel construction method according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a line II, II of FIG.
1. FIG. 3 is a view showing a step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a view showing a step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention. 6 is a view showing one step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention, FIG. 7 is a view as seen from arrows VII and VII of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a view showing one step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a view of FIG. IX, IX arrow view, FIG. 10 is a diagram showing one step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention, FIG. 11 is a XI, XI arrow view of FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 shows one step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention 13 and 14 are views showing one step of the tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel 1 being constructed is a shield which is arranged in the ground 2 in the direction of arrows A and B in FIG. the micro excavator 15 of the device 12 has a gallery 3 drilled formation, gallery 3 includes a substantially roll length gallery 3 ₁ of cylindrical shape which is formed in a normal cross-section is extending direction of the gallery 3 arrow It is constituted by a relay section 33, which will be described later, widened between the tunnels 3 ₁ , 3 _{1 having a} normal cross section arranged in the A and B directions. As shown in FIG. 2, the cross-sectional shape of the gallery 3 ₁ having a normal cross section, which is orthogonal to the plane of the paper of FIG. 1, has an elliptical precast pipe 11 arranged in the gallery 3 as a lining member of the tunnel 1. In a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape (illustrated in FIG. 3), excavation is performed so as to have a substantially height L2 ′ in the arrow E and F directions and a substantially width L3 ′ in the arrow C and D directions. By the way, in the tunnel 1 shown in FIG. 1, an intermediate portion of the tunnel 1 in the directions of arrows A and B is omitted from illustration, and a relay portion 33 forming a part of the gallery 3 is included in the illustration portion of the tunnel 1 which is not illustrated. However, as shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, the transverse width shown in the arrow C, D direction of FIG. 7 has a width L4, and a part of the gallery 3 is formed in a horseshoe shape having a larger cross-sectional area than the gallery 3 _1. It is arranged in a shape.

At the end of the gallery 3 in the direction of arrow B, as shown in FIG. 1, the starting base end of the shield device 12 for excavating and forming the gallery 3, that is, the mine mouth 3a which is the rearmost part of the gallery 3, is formed. Along the outer periphery of the wellhead 3a, it is supported by concrete 39 cast in-situ in the shape of an ellipse, and is formed and arranged in an oval cross section. As shown in FIG. 1, a vertical shaft 32 is provided on the arrow B side of the wellhead 3a, for example, from the ground 2a to the ground 2
It is formed by excavation in a form that is dug into the shaft 32
The pusher device 5 is provided with a reaction force pedestal 51 made of H-shaped steel or the like.
It is arranged so as to be supported by the ground 2 around the vertical shaft 32 via. The original pressing device 5 has a frame 52 formed in an oval shape similarly to the relay original pressing device 22 described later (as shown in FIG. 11), and is on the front side of the frame 52 in the direction of arrow A. On the front side of the paper of FIG. 11, there is a hydraulic jack 6 that can push the precast pipe 11 into the tunnel 3.
A plurality of struts 7, which will be described later, are arranged along the cross-sectional shape. Each hydraulic jack 6 is provided with a ram 61 so as to project and retreat in the directions of arrows A and B in FIG. 1 by a length corresponding to a jack stroke L5 (not shown). As shown in FIG. 1, the tip end in the arrow A direction is in contact with the arrow B direction end surface of the struts 7 arranged in the arrow A and B directions. As shown in FIG. 9, each strut 7 is made of a steel material formed in a semi-elliptical annular shape with the upper half of FIG. 9 missing, and each strut 7 is inserted and removed from a plurality of struts 7 arranged in the directions of arrows A and B, respectively. It is free. As shown in FIG. 1 on the arrow A direction side which is the front side of the strut 7.
As shown in FIG. 3, a press ring 9 formed by assembling and forming an H steel block into an elliptic ring is arranged so as to be movable in the directions of arrows A and B, and the arrow A which is the front side of the press ring 9 is provided.
The gallery 3 is connected to the direction side via the mine mouth 3a.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, a semi-open type shield device 12 which is a digging device for the tunnel 3 is arranged at the end of the tunnel 3 in the direction of arrow A, and the shield is provided. The device 12 is provided with an outer shell 13 made of a steel plate or the like formed in a substantially oval shape along the mine wall 3b of the gallery 3 so as to be movable in the directions of arrows A and B. Outer shell 13
A micro excavator 15 corresponding to the properties of the ground 2 is disposed inside the micro excavator 15 and the cutter head 1
51 is a form in which the cutting blade 15a is projected from the open end of the outer shell 13a on the arrow A direction side toward the face 3a which is the front end of the gallery 3, and is shown in FIG. It is mounted so that it can swing freely in the direction intersecting with. The micro excavator 15 has a built-in hydraulic unit, control panel, etc. (not shown) for operating and driving the cutter head 151.
An excavation shearing recovery mechanism 16 is provided behind the cutter head 151. In the excavation shearing recovery mechanism 16, there is provided a conveyor 161 in the form of a high inclination from the arrow A direction side in FIG. 1 toward the B direction and further extending horizontally in the arrow B direction near the lower portion of the micro excavator 15 in FIG. It is provided in a form that can convey the excavated pile accumulated in the rear of the shield device 12 (in the gallery 3 in the direction of the arrow B). The shuttle car 162 is provided at the rear part of the conveyor 161 shown in the right part of FIG. However, it is arranged so as to be movable in the directions of arrows A and B in the gallery 3 via the temporary rail 17. A plurality of propulsion jacks 19 for propelling the shield device 12 into the ground 2 are attached to the rear portion of the outer shell 13 shown on the right side of FIG. 1 along the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell 13. A piston rod 191 is provided on the propulsion jack 19 so as to project and retreat in the directions of arrows A and B via a hydraulic ram of the jack 19.

By the way, a lining 10 is provided in the tunnel 3 so as to connect the tunnel 3a and the shield device 12 to each other.
Is being constructed into a long cylindrical shape along the inner circumference of the lining 10
Is composed of a plurality of precast pipes 11 arranged side by side in the directions of arrows A and B, which are the extending direction of the gallery 3, with no gaps. Each of the precast pipes 11 has an elongated annular shape made of RC concrete or the like, that is, an elliptical annular shape having a ring width L1 as shown in FIG. Each of the precast pipes 11 has been factory-processed, and has a major axis L as shown in FIG.
3, the longitudinal direction of which is 2 is oriented in the vertical direction, and the lateral direction of which the minor axis L3 is oriented is oriented in the horizontal direction indicated by the arrows C and D in FIG. In addition,
The lining 10 is still in the temporary lining stage before the primary lining that has not been fixed by backfilling, that is, each precast pipe 11 is connected to the tunnel 3
It is temporarily supported in the ground 2 while being movable in the directions of arrows A and B. Further, between the outer peripheries 11a of the plurality of precast pipes 11 and the ground 2, a small gap 2b is formed so as to be backfilled later. Then, of the plurality of precast pipes 11 arranged in the gallery 3, the precast pipe 11 at the leading end shown at the end portion in the direction of arrow A is located inside the outer shell 13 of the shield device 12 as shown in FIG. The propelling jacks 19 are arranged to be connected to the rear (arrow B) side of the outer shell 13 so as to slightly enter from the rear, that is, from the right in the figure, and each of the propulsion jacks 19 is an arrow A which is the tip of the precast pipe 11 at the leading end. It has a shape that requires a reaction force on the end face on the direction side.

In the relay portion 33, the intermediate pushing device 20 and the struts 7 shown in FIG. 6 and the reversing device 21 shown in FIG.
The relay source pushing device 22 shown in FIG. 10 and a transformer seat 2 shown on the left side of FIG.
5 and the like are selectively provided temporarily. As shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of hydraulic jacks 201 are provided in the middle pusher 20 along the side end surface of the precast pipe 11 in an elliptical shape while being mounted and supported on, for example, a steel frame 202. Each of the hydraulic jacks 201 is provided so that its piston rod portion can be projected and retracted in the directions of arrows A and B by a stroke having a length corresponding to the width L1 of one ring of the precast pipe 11. As shown in FIG. 12, the reversing device 21 passes through the temporary rail 17 and the like through the gallery 3 through arrows A, B.
Has a body 23 that can travel in any direction.
In the front part shown in the left part of FIG. 12, a reversing beam 24 having a shape capable of detachably holding the precast pipe 11 from the inner side thereof.
However, the held precast pipe 11 is shown in FIG.
It is provided in such a form that it is rotatable in the direction and can be rotated in the direction intersecting the plane of FIG. 12 with the center of rotation CT1 as the center of rotation. As shown in FIG. 11, the relay original pressing device 22 has a frame 221 formed in an elliptic shape along the side end surface of the precast pipe 11 as in the case of the original pressing device 5. 11, as shown in FIG. 11, is mounted and supported on support steels 222 and 222 made of H-shaped steel, etc., in a direction movable in the directions of arrows A and B (the direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 11) which is the extension direction of the gallery 3. Has been done. A plurality of hydraulic jacks 26 capable of pushing the precast pipe 11 into the gallery 3 are provided in the frame 221 in such a manner that the ram 261 of each jack 26 projects in the direction of 1
The books are staggered and mounted along the inner circumference of the tunnel 3 in an elliptical shape.
Is a jack stroke L of the hydraulic jack 6 from the front and rear surfaces of the frame 221 to the outside (in the form of extending in the left-right direction in FIG. 12) from both end surfaces of the arrows A and B, respectively.
The same stroke as 5 is provided so as to be capable of projecting and retracting in the directions of arrows A and B in FIG. The hydraulic jack 6 of the source pushing device 5 and the hydraulic jack 26 of the relay source pushing device 22 are similar jacks only in their application states. Therefore, the relay source pushing device 22 has a stroke L5.
Since a plurality of jacks 26 are alternately mounted so as to be able to project in the left-right direction, they have a stroke approximately twice that of the original pushing device 5.

Since the tunnel 1 and the like have the above-described structure, in order to construct the tunnel 1, first, for example, the vertical shaft 32 is excavated by well-known means from the ground 2a or the like by a known method. , The shaft 32 to the shield device 12
Is started from the wellhead 3a in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 through the temporary starting stand (not shown) using the reaction force stand 52 of the original pushing device 5, for example. Then, the ground 2 is moved from the arrow B direction side through the micro excavator 15 to the arrow A direction.
Direction, cut into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the precast pipe 11 (an oval shape having a substantially height L2 'in the arrow E and F directions in FIG. 2 and a substantially width L3' in the arrow C and D directions). By driving the shield device 12 in the form of opening, excavation and formation is started from the portion of the gallery 3 _1, which is a normal cross-section portion of the gallery 3. At this time, the ground 2 in the vicinity of the wellhead 3a is temporarily disturbed by being cut off by the shield device 12 from the state where it was properly supported before the start of the shield, whereby the earth pressure of the ground 2 is applied to the wellhead 3a. In order to prevent concentration and collapse into the vertical shaft 32, concrete 39 or the like is cast in situ in the shape of an ellipse along the outer circumference of the shaft entrance 3a.

At the initial stage of starting the shield device 12, first, the respective propulsion jacks 19 mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell 13 in the form of obtaining a propulsive reaction force from the above-mentioned starter stand (not shown) or the like.
The piston rod 191 of the above is abutted and supported on the starting base. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the micro excavator 15 is driven to swing while driving the cutting blade 15a while swinging the cutter head 151 in the directions of arrows E'and F'and in a direction intersecting the plane of FIG. Since 12 is a semi-open type, the cutting blade 15a cuts the ground 2 in the form of advancing the face 3c in front of the outer shell 13 (in the direction of arrow A),
As a result, the tunnel 3 is formed. In this way, when the micro excavator 15 excavates and forms the tunnel 3, if the cutting face 3c of the tunnel 3 advances by a predetermined distance, the entire shield device 12 advances together with the outer shell 13 in the arrow A direction up to the jack stroke of the propulsion jack 19. I.e. shield device 1
2 promote. On the other hand, as the shield device 12 is propelled, an uncovered tunnel 3 is formed between the rear end of the outer shell 13 (the end in the arrow B direction) and the wellhead 3c by the amount of advance of the shield device 12. .

Then, next, the precast pipe 11 is connected to the tunnel 3
Then, in the form of connecting to the rear side of the shield device 12 located at the head portion of the gallery 3, it is pushed in from the mine mouth 3a side in the direction of arrow A through the former pushing device 5. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the precast pipe 11 is oriented in the vertical shaft 32 with its longitudinal direction having the major axis L2 oriented vertically, and the axial center CT2 of the pipe 11 is changed.
Arrows A and B (shown in FIG. 12), which are the extending directions of the tunnel 3,
After being oriented so as to match the direction, it is positioned in front of the hydraulic jack 6 of the former pushing device 5. Thus
The ram 61 is placed in the precast pipe 11 with the hydraulic jack 6 abutting from the rear side (arrow B direction) of the oriented precast pipe 11 through an appropriate number of struts 7 and press rings 9. Arrow A for width L1 of 11
Drive in the direction of protrusion. Then, the precast pipe 11 is driven from the mine mouth 3a into the mineway 3 by the driving amount of the ram 61 (that is, by the width L1 of one ring of the precast pipe 11).
It is pushed in the direction of arrow A. In this way, when one precast pipe 11 is pushed into the gallery 3 and arranged, and then the hydraulic jack 6 is opened to drive the ram 61 backward in the direction of the arrow B, the precast pipe 11 and the press arranged in the gallery 3 are pressed. Between the ring 9 and the precast pipe 11
Since the space corresponding to the width L1 of one ring of is arranged,
Next, a new precast pipe 11 is oriented in the vertical shaft 32 again in the same manner as described above, then placed in the space, and is pushed into the tunnel 3 by the hydraulic jack 6 of the former pushing device 5. Then, the precast pipe 11 that is newly pushed into the gallery 3 propels the precast pipe 11 that has been already arranged in the gallery 3 in the direction of arrow A. In this way, the precast pipes 11 are pushed one after another from the vertical shaft 32 through the former pushing device 5, and are sequentially propelled in the direction of the arrow A so as to be arranged in the gallery 3 and connected to the rear side of the shield device 12. The work to be performed can be repeated by the amount corresponding to the pressing ability of the former pressing device 5 (that is, by the total sum of the jack capacities of the respective hydraulic jacks 6). In this way, when the precast pipe 11 is pushed into the shaft 3 from the vertical shaft 32 via the source pusher 5, the press ring 9 is interposed between the hydraulic jack 6 of the source pusher 5 and the precast pipe 11. When the strut 7 is fitted and arranged with several rings,
As shown in FIG. 9, since the upper half of the strut 7 is formed so that the upper half of the strut is cut off, the strut 3a is widely opened without being blocked by the former pushing device 5, so that Workers, materials, equipment, etc. can freely move in and out. Therefore, the work of pushing the precast pipe 11 in the vertical shaft 32 through the pit 3a is not hindered, and the digging face 3c, which is the leading portion of the gallery 3, can be smoothly advanced.

By the way, as described above, in the shield device 12, the piston rod 191 of the propulsion jack 19 is brought into contact with an appropriate starting base using, for example, the reaction force base 51 of the original pushing device 5 at the initial stage of starting. , The propulsion reaction force is calculated for the starting frame, but if the precast pipe 11 is pushed into the tunnel 3 and arranged, as shown in the left part of FIG. 1, from the tip side face (end face in the direction of arrow A) of the precast pipe 11. Promote in the form of obtaining reaction force. That is, as described above, if the shield device 12 propels the face 3c by advancing it through the micro excavator 15, the piston rod 191 of the propulsion jack 19 moves backward (arrow) with respect to the outer shell 13 accordingly. Project in B direction). Therefore, the shield device 12
When the piston rod 191 is appropriately propelled, the piston rod 191 is returned to the direction of the arrow A in the propelling jack 19, and as described above, the work of sequentially pushing the precast pipe 11 into the tunnel 3 via the original pushing device 5 is performed. Repeat with appropriate cycle. As a result, the formation of the tunnel 3 by the propulsion of the shield device 12 and the propulsion of the precast pipe 11 can be simultaneously advanced. Thus, the shield device 1
2, the gallery 3 ₁ part of the normal section in gallery 3,
And forming in a manner forming a oval cross section, pushing the precast tube 11 via the Moto押device 5該坑canal 3 ₁ a predetermined number, by sequentially propelled the precast tube 11, start the pit 32 First tunnel 1 to serve as a base
a (illustrated in FIG. 1) is formed. The excavation shear formed by the propulsion of the shield device 12 is loaded on the shuttle car 162, which may be arranged behind the shield device 12, via the excavation shear recovery mechanism 16, and then the shuttle car 162 has already been driven. It can be easily carried out to the wellhead 3a in a form of passing through the inside of the precast pipe 11 which is pushed into the inside of the pipe 3 and joined.

The shield apparatus 12 is promoted to a predetermined position in the ground 2, with galleries 3 ₁ of the usual cross section in gallery 3 is drilled by a predetermined distance, precast tubes predetermined number to該坑canal 3 ₁ If the first tunnel 1a has been dug by this, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7 through the micro excavator 15, the gallery 3 has a horseshoe shape having a larger cross-sectional area than the gallery 3 ₁ having a normal cross section and a cross-sectional width L4 shown in the arrow C and D directions of FIG. The relay portion 33 is formed in such a manner that the width is increased. Prior to the propulsion work in the relay portion 33 of the precast pipe 11 (that is, during the excavation work of the first tunnel 1a described above), the hydraulic jack 201 forming the intermediate press device 20 is as shown in FIG. The precast pipes 11 and 11 which are adjacent to each other in the directions of arrows A and B are pre-drilled so that they can be arranged at the leading positions of the predetermined number of precast pipes 11 that form the first tunnel 1a. The part 3a is sandwiched, and in this state, the propulsion work of the shield device 12 and the precast pipe 11 is continued. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, at the time when the shield device 12 starts excavating the relay section 33, a predetermined number of precasts that will later constitute the lining 10 of the first tunnel 1a are formed in the first tunnel 1a portion. On the front side (direction of arrow A) of the pipe 11, a predetermined number of precast pipes 11 to be later pushed into the second tunnel 1b via the relay pushing device 22 are provided.
The precast pipe 11 constituting the first tunnel 1a is arranged so as to lead through 0.

In this way, the shield device 12 is excavated and propelled from the state shown in FIG. 4 through the micro excavator 15 and the propulsion jack 19 as shown in FIG. 5, and the precast pipe 11 is pushed through the original push device 5 and propelled. If is, since presenting with horseshoe shape forming the larger cross-sectional area than the gallery 3 ₁ part of the relay portion 33 is generally cross, said relay unit 3
In 3, a space 33a is formed between the outer circumference 11a of the precast pipe 11 and the pit wall 3b. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, a shot cleat 36 is sprayed along the pit wall 3b to the relay portion 33 by a predetermined thickness W1, and a support 35 made of steel or the like is provided along the inside of the shot cleat 36. Is erected at a predetermined pitch L6 in the directions of arrows A and B to temporarily support the lining of the relay portion 33. Further, since a space 33b is formed between the relay portion 33 and the outer circumference 11a of the precast pipe 11 also in the invert portion, as shown in FIG.
The bottom surface of the precast pipe 11 propelled in the relay portion 33 is stabilized by filling the excavation groove 37 formed by the face 3a with an appropriate thickness W2. The space 33b
It is not necessary to remove the excavation shear that is filled in the tunnel even after the tunnel construction work has progressed. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of shear carried out to the wellhead 3a by an amount corresponding to the amount of filling the space 33b. Become.

In this way, as shown in FIG. 6, when the relay portion 33 is excavated and lined by a predetermined length L7 in the directions of arrows A and B, the relay portion 33 is formed in the directions of arrows A and B. In the form of being sandwiched between adjacent precast pipes 11,
The hydraulic jack 201 of the intermediate pushing device 20 is arranged. In addition, at the stage when the excavation and lining of the relay section 33 are completed and the intermediate pressing device 20 is positioned in the relay section 33 in this way, at the time of subsequent work, the precast pipe 11 of the first tunnel 1a operates the original pressing device 5. Since it is not necessary to push through the precast pipes 11 and the ground 2, the gap 2b between the precast pipes 11 and the ground 2 is filled with a backing material such as mortar and cement milk, so that the plurality of precast pipes 11 are fixed to the ground 2. Then, the first tunnel 1 with the vertical shaft 32 as the starting base
The lining 10 of a (illustrated in FIG. 1) can be immediately formed. In addition, at this point, the dismantling work of the former pushing device 5 may be started without any problem. As shown in FIG. 6, the relay unit 33 is
When a predetermined length L7 has been excavated and formed in the directions of arrows A and B, the ground 2 is cut again through the micro excavator 15 in a shape of an elliptical cross section, and thus a tunnel 3 ₁ having a normal cross section is formed.
6 is further excavated to further advance the shield device 12 from the state shown in FIG. 6, and thereby the second tunnel 1b connected to the front side (direction of arrow A) of the relay portion 33 on the left side in FIG. 6 is formed. Build up.

At the beginning of the excavation of the second tunnel 1b, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, of the precast pipes 11 already pushed into the gallery 3 by the former pusher 5, the predetermined number of precast pipes that are arranged in the relay portion 33 on the front side of the intermediate pusher 20, that is, the arrow A side. The precast pipes 11 are propelled through the intermediate pressing device 20 and are followed by the propulsion operation of the predetermined number of precast pipes 11.
As shown in FIG. 8, a predetermined number of struts 7 are fitted between the rearmost end of the and the intermediate press device 20 via a press ring 9 and arranged. In addition, strut 7
Is formed in a shape in which the upper half section is missing as shown in FIG.
It is possible to easily transport these from the wellhead 3a to the relay portion 33 by passing through the mineway 3 of a in the directions of arrows A and B. Further, at the same time when the excavation of the second tunnel 1b is started, the outer circumference 1 of the precast pipe 11 on the rear side of the intermediate press device 20 is
In the gap 2b between the ground 1a and the ground 2, as shown in the right part of FIG. 8, a reaction wall 27 is annularly constructed and formed by casting concrete in situ. Then, the precast pipe 11 that constitutes the leading portion of the first tunnel 1a is firmly fixed to the pit wall 3b of the relay portion 33, whereby the precast pipe 11 can be transferred through the strut 7 by the intermediate press device 20 described above. When the precast pipe 11 is pushed in, a sufficient reaction force can be provided to the intermediate pressing device 20. Thus strut 7
As shown in FIG. 8, when a predetermined number is arranged in the relay portion 33, the precast pipe 11 which has been already pushed by the former pushing device 5 and arranged at the front side of the middle pushing device 20,
The hydraulic jack 20 of the intermediate pressing device 20 via the strut 7
1 is pushed in the direction of the arrow A, and the length corresponding to the number of the struts 7 arranged (that is, the length L shown in FIG.
(8 minutes only) It is pushed into the tunnel 3 ₁ of the second tunnel 1b.

Thus, the front side of the intermediate pressing device 20 (arrow A
As shown in FIG. 8, a predetermined number of struts 7 are installed in the relay portion 33 on the direction side), and the rear end of the precast pipe 11 (the end portion in the direction of arrow B) that has already been arranged on the front side of the intermediate pressing device 20. ) Has advanced to the direction of arrow A to some extent, then, as shown in FIG. 10, the strut 7 installed in the relay portion 33 is once removed together with the intermediate pressing device 20. Then, in the relay portion 33, as shown in FIG. 11, the tunnel 3 of the normal cross section of the wind tunnel excavated by the shield device 12 is formed.
_Since the gallery space in the shape of a horseshoe with a cross section larger than _one part is restored and arranged, there, next, in the relay part 33, as shown in FIG.
1, the transformer seat 25 and the relay source pushing device 22
Is installed. As shown in FIG. 10, an appropriate floor plate 29 is laid on the invert portion of the relay portion 33, and the front side of the first tunnel 1a (arrow A direction) is continued on the floor plate 29. In the form of assembling and installing the relay source pushing device 22 and the transformer seat 25 for pushing the precast pipe 11 into the tunnel 3 of the constructed second tunnel 1b, or fixing the vehicle body 23 of the reversing device 21. Relay unit 33
These temporary equipments will be supported by the invert part of. In addition, when the relay source pushing device 22 is installed,
As shown in FIG. 1, press rings 9 and 9 are provided in front and rear of the original pusher 22 (on both sides of arrows A and B), and a front end surface (arrow) of the precast pipe 11 that constitutes the most front portion of the first tunnel 1a is shown. (A-side end face) and the rear end face of the precast pipe 11 (the end face in the direction of arrow B) that constitutes the rear end portion of the second tunnel 1b, and is temporarily mounted in such a state that The relay source pushing device 22 is used. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the frame 221 of the relay pushing device 22 is formed in an oval shape along the side end surface of the precast pipe 11, so that the relay portion 33 having a horseshoe-shaped cross section is provided with the frame 221. Is temporarily installed, the side of the frame 221 (arrow C or D)
A space 33c (shown in FIG. 11) is formed in one side). Therefore, the temporary trans seat 25 in the space 33c of the relay 33, by housing the transformer such in the transformer seat 25, which was placed in the gallery 3 ₁ of normal cross-section, such as the first tunnel portion 1a Therefore, it is possible to avoid narrowing the working space, and thus, a tunnel 3 ₁ having a normal cross section having an oval cross section of the first tunnel 1a is required in front of the relay section 33 (on the side of the arrow A direction). It can be widely opened as a transportation route for materials and equipment.

Thus, the relay unit 33 is connected to the relay source pushing device 22.
When the ram is installed, first, as shown in FIG. 10, attach the relay source pushing device 22 to all of the hydraulic jacks 26 attached to both end surfaces of the arrows A and B which are front and rear surfaces of the frame 221 in each ram. 261 is retracted to the maximum contracted length state, and the frame 221 is supported by the support steel 222,
It is arranged on the rear portion (on the side of arrow B) in the relay portion 33 in a form of sliding on 222. Then, by this, the relay unit 33
A space 33d (illustrated in FIG. 10) is formed on the front side of the relay source pushing device 22. Space 33d thus formed
Has a sufficiently large space, which is approximately half the size of the relay portion 33 having a larger cross-sectional area than the gallery 3 ₁ having an oval cross section and a transverse width L4 having a length L7. Therefore, in the space 33d, the one-ring precast pipe 11 can be inverted in any direction. Therefore, the precast pipe 11 to be continuously pushed into the gallery 3 of the second tunnel 1b is mounted on the vehicle body 23 of the reversing device 21 by holding the precast pipe 11 on the reversing beam 24 so as to extend below, The above-mentioned first through the temporary rail 17 etc. from the wellhead 3a etc.
The space 33 shown in FIG. 10 is passed through the precast pipe 11 arranged in the tunnel 3 of the tunnel 1a of FIG.
The precast pipe 11 is inverted in the space 33d while being conveyed to the space d. When the precast pipe 11 is conveyed to the space 33d of the relay portion 33, as shown in FIG. 12, the precast pipe 11 is laid sideways with the longitudinal direction of the precast pipe 11 directed in the direction of arrow A, B, which is the tunnel extension direction. Then, this is held by the inverted beam 24 of the vehicle body 23. Then, as described above, the precast pipe 11 which is pushed in by the former pushing device 5 and arranged in the gallery 3 of the first tunnel 1a has its longitudinal direction forming the major axis L2 as shown in FIG. The inverted beam 24 is erected in the lateral direction as described above, because it is erected in such a manner that the lateral direction of the lateral direction and the lateral direction of the minor axis L3 is directed to the horizontal direction.
The precast pipe 11 held by is smoothly conveyed in the gallery 3 in such a manner that the precast pipe 11 passes through the upright precast pipe 11 from the arrow B direction side toward the arrow A direction.

In this way, if the precast pipe 11 is conveyed to the space 33d of the relay portion 33 so as to pass through the tunnel 3 of the first tunnel 1a through the vehicle body 23, as shown in FIG. 12 is appropriately rotated in the direction of arrow G or H in FIG. 12, and the precast pipe 11 held by the beam 24 is erected as shown by a chain line in FIG. Then, next, the reversing beam 24 is rotated about the rotation center CT1 in FIG. 12 in the direction intersecting the plane of FIG.
Is oriented in the directions of arrows A and B, which are the directions in which the tunnel 3 extends in the second tunnel 1b. In this way,
Precast tube 11 held in inverted beam 24
In FIG. 12, the rear end of the second tunnel 1b (arrow B
The ram 261 of the hydraulic jack 26 is driven to project, as shown in FIG. 13, after positioning the precast pipe 11 arranged at the (end) portion so as to be aligned with the rear end face of the precast pipe 11.
Then, the ram 261 of the hydraulic jack 26 after the frame 221 (in the direction of arrow B) is firmly fixed and supported by the reaction wall 27 to the pit wall 3b at the rear end portion of the relay section 33. Ram 26 of the hydraulic jack 26 in front of the frame 221 (in the direction of arrow A) while abutting on the tip side surface of the precast pipe 11 at the leading end of the frame via the press ring 9.
The precast pipe 11 held by the beam 24 is arranged so as to come into contact with the rear end face of the precast pipe 11 held by the reversing beam 24 via the press ring 9 (in the direction of arrow B). It is pressed against the rear end side surface of the precast pipe 11 at the rear end portion located in the tunnel 1b. In this state, when the holding state of the reversal beam 24 is appropriately released, the two precast pipes 11 and 11 located at the rear end portion of the second tunnel 1b are joined together, and both 11 and 11 are joined together. It is pushed into the tunnel 3 of the second tunnel 1b in the direction of arrow A. At this time, in the relay source pushing device 22, the frame 221 slides on the support steel 222 in the form of being pushed in the direction of the arrow A as the ram 261 projects, and the relay source pushing device 22 assumes the most extended state. .
Then, in the relay source pushing device 22, the frame 221
The hydraulic jacks 26 are attached to the front and rear end faces of the ram 261
Since a plurality of protrusions of the relay source pushing device 22 are mounted in such a manner that the projecting directions of the relay jacks are alternately oriented, the relay source pushing device 22 can be extended by an amount corresponding to twice the stroke of each hydraulic jack 26, and thus, the relay portion 33. The extension stroke of the jack 26 can correspond to the length L7 with a sufficient margin. In this way, the precast pipe 11 positioned by the reversing device 21 while being held by the reversing beam 24 is
By driving the hydraulic jack 26 of the relay source pushing device 22 to project, the hydraulic jack 26 is pushed into the tunnel 3 of the second tunnel 1b, and all the precast pipes 11 placed at this point in the second tunnel 1b. But 1 of precast pipe 11
Propel in the direction of arrow A by the width L1 of the ring.

Therefore, the relay source pushing device 22 is again shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, the ram 261 of the hydraulic jack 26 is retracted to the maximum contracted length state, and the frame 221
When the relay unit 33 is disposed in the rear portion (on the side of the arrow B) in the relay unit 33, the space 33d (shown in FIG. 10) is formed in the relay unit 33 again in front of the relay source pushing device 22. Therefore, as described above, further precast pipe 11 is transported to the space 33d, the precast pipe 11 is inverted and then pushed into the gallery 3 by repeating the operation a predetermined number of times, thereby propulsing the shield device 12 described above. After that, the precast pipes 11 are successively propelled in the tunnel 3 of the second tunnel 1b. In this way, when the second tunnel 1b is extended and constructed to a predetermined length, as described above,
The relay section 33 can be formed again in the tunnel 3 in the same manner as described above, and the tunnel 1 can be infinitely extended in the directions of arrows A and B by repeating the above-described operation in the relay section 33. At this time, the extending direction of the gallery 3 ₁ of the normal cross section to re-drilling formed from the relay unit 33, so freely can change the relay unit 33 as a relay base point in the tunnel 1, so the galleries 3 arbitrarily curved Can be easily done. In the relay unit 33, the relay source pushing device 22 and the reversing device 2 used as described above.
If the construction work of the tunnel 1 further progresses and the need is eliminated, the first and the like properly dismantle and remove the temporary equipment, and at each relay unit 33, before and after the relay unit 33 (that is, as described above). In the example, the first tunnel 1a and the second tunnel
By lining the precast pipes 11, 11 arranged at the rear and front end portions of the tunnels 3 ₁ , 3 ₁ of the normal cross section in the form of being arranged in the tunnel 1b portion) in the direction of arrows A and B. The lining 10 of the relay section 33 is formed on site.
Then, the first tunnel 1a and the second tunnel 1b are connected by this, and by repeating this, it is possible to complete the construction of the tunnel 1 of an arbitrary extension distance (length in the arrow A and B directions).

In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the annular precast pipe 11 having an elliptical cross section is used as the lining member of the tunnel 1 has been described. However, other shapes may be used as long as the precast pipe 11 can pass through the inside of the precast pipe 11 after being joined, that is, if the cross section has an elongated shape, for example, it is formed in a rectangular shape. It doesn't matter. Further, the lining member piece such as the precast pipe 11 is formed in an annular shape at the pushing position (near the shaft entrance 3a of the vertical shaft 32 or the relay portion 33 in the shaft 3), and one ring is divided into several parts in advance. It does not matter if it is processed. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the semi-open type shield device 12 is used for excavating and forming the tunnel 3 is described, but the excavator required for the present invention has an ordinary section of the tunnel 3. Road 3 ₁
And an excavator that can be excavated into a widening portion and a relay portion 33. Further, the hydraulic jack devices such as the former pushing device 5, the middle pushing device 20, the relay former pushing device 22 and the like used in the above-described embodiments are not different as long as the lining member such as the precast pipe 11 can be pushed into the ground. You may use the device of
In order to construct the tunnel 1, various kinds of equipment, materials, etc. described in the above-mentioned embodiments may be of any other suitable structure and may be used. Furthermore, the tunnel 1 does not necessarily have to start from the vertical shaft 32, and the tunnel entrance 3a
May be provided on any portion such as a mountain surface, a hill, or a wall portion of another underground structure.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The excavation means such as the shield device 12 is arranged at the leading portion of the tunnel 3 such as the face 3c, and the precast pipe 11 formed in the tunnel 3 behind the tunnel 3 has a slender annular cross section. A pushing means such as an original pushing device 5 and a relay pushing device 22 that can push a lining member piece such as the above is provided, and the excavating means is propelled into the ground 2 to obtain a cross section corresponding to the lining member piece. By excavating the ground 2, a tunnel 3
_While forming a normal cross-section road such as _1, the normal cross-section road by the pushing means, push the lining member piece in a form of connecting to the rear side of the excavating means, the excavating means propels a predetermined distance When the lining member piece is pushed in by a predetermined distance by the pushing means, the excavating means excavates and forms an enlarged tunnel such as a relay portion 33 having a cross-sectional area larger than the normal section tunnel from the head position of the normal section tunnel. Then, when the expanded tunnel is formed by excavation, the normal section tunnel is excavated again by the excavating means from the leading position of the expanded tunnel, the pushing means is arranged in the expanded tunnel, and the cover is attached to the expanded tunnel. The work member piece is conveyed in a form of passing through the already constructed normal section tunnel, and the enlarged section tunnel is re-excavated from the head position of the enlarged section tunnel to the enlarged section tunnel. Since the lining member piece conveyed to the road is pushed by the pushing means arranged in the enlarged tunnel, the tunnel such as the tunnel 1 is constructed, so that the normal section excavation formation and the normal cross section are formed. By pushing the lining member piece into the gallery by repeating it a desired number of times via the enlarged gallery, the gallery can be extended by a desired distance. Therefore, the shaft 32
After setting up a number of vertical shafts, etc., a large-capacity jack that matches the design extension distance of the tunnel in advance, and forming a space corresponding to the large-capacity jack at the pit mouth 3a and installing a reaction force stand here. It is possible to dig efficiently and economically for long distances without having to use it. Further, since it is not necessary to provide a vertical shaft during the extension of the tunnel, the ground elements such as roads and structures are less affected when the tunnel is constructed, and the tunnel 3 is formed below the structure. Shapes can also be used to build tunnels deep in the ground. When excavating and forming a normal section tunnel again from the leading position of the expanded tunnel, the excavation means can be started in any direction. Therefore, by curving the tunnel 3 through the expanded tunnel, a curve construction is performed. Can be done easily. Further, most of the tunnels 3 excavated and formed by the excavation means are normal section tunnels having a cross section corresponding to the lining member piece, and the enlarged tunnel is only a part of the tunnels, and therefore, the overexcavation is performed in the normal section tunnels. Since no portion is formed, therefore, the cost for excavation and backfilling in the whole tunnel construction work and much labor time are not spent, and a good quality tunnel construction that does not loosen the ground a little can be performed. Therefore, in an area where structures are densely arranged on the ground, when the present invention is applied when constructing a small cross-section tunnel such as a waterway by propelling the precast pipe into the ground, The effect is more remarkably exhibited.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a tunnel being constructed by a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrows II and II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrows III and III in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

7 is a view taken in the direction of arrows VII and VII in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

9 is a view taken in the direction of arrows IX and IX in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

11 is a view taken along arrow XI and XI of FIG.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing one step of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ...... Tunnel 2 ...... Ground 3 ...... Tunnel 3 ₁ ...... Normal section tunnel (tunnel) 33 …… Expanded tunnel (relay section) 3a …… Leading the tunnel (face) 3c …… After the tunnel (pit) 5 ...... Pushing means (original pushing device) 22 ...... Pushing means (relaying pushing device) 11 …… Lining member piece (precast pipe) 12 …… Excavator (shielding device)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An excavation means is provided at a leading portion of a gallery, and a pushing means is provided on the rear side of the gallery for pushing a lining member piece having an elongated cross section into the gallery. The excavation means is propelled into the ground to form a normal section tunnel by excavating the ground at a section corresponding to the lining member piece, and the pushing section means the normal section tunnel to the excavation means. When pushing the lining member piece in a form of connecting to the rear side, the excavating means propels the lining member piece by a predetermined distance by pushing the lining member piece by a predetermined distance, and the digging means of the normal section tunnel From the leading position, an enlarged gallery having a larger cross-sectional area than the normal section digging is formed by excavation, and when the enlarged gallery is formed by digging, the digging means is used again from the leading position of the enlarged gallery. While excavating and forming the normal section tunnel, the pushing means is arranged in the expansion tunnel, the lining member piece is conveyed to the expansion tunnel in a form of passing through the constructed normal section tunnel, and the expansion tunnel A method for constructing a tunnel is constructed by pushing the lining member piece conveyed to the enlarged tunnel by the pushing means arranged in the enlarged tunnel into the normal section tunnel that has been excavated again from the leading position.