JP4875495B2 - 血小板血栓症又は臓器障害の検出方法 - Google Patents
血小板血栓症又は臓器障害の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)微小血栓形成による微小循環障害がおこり、虚血の為に多数の臓器が機能不全に陥る。
(2)微小血栓形成による消費性凝固障害、すなわち、組織因子が細胞表面に多く発現し、外因系血液凝固が促進される。また、血液凝固因子や血小板が消費され、出血傾向が現われる。
(3)過剰線溶、すなわち、凝固の促進に応じて線溶系も活性化され、フィブリンを分解するプラスミンが生成される。プラスミンを阻害するα2プラスミンインヒビター(α2PI)が消費され、正常の60%未満に減少すると、プラスミンによってフィブリンが分解され、出血傾向が現われる。
respiratory distress syndrome)では、血小板が肺循環に集まり、肺動脈閉塞を起こす。SIRSは、特定の抗原に反応してサイトカイン量が上昇し炎症反応を起こすのでなく、具体的なターゲット無しに、生体に対する侵襲に反応して非特異的に免疫反応が活性化し、サイトカイン産生が制御不能になって重篤なMOFを起こす疾患群である(非特許文献1,2)。
organ dysfunction syndrome;MODS)には、種々のメディエーターを介する過剰の生体反応がその病態の重症化に関与しており、SIRSは予後の予測が難しい疾患群である。
inhibitor;α1−AT)と結合しており、好中球から放出された好中球エラスターゼは、血液中では、3ミリ秒でα1−ATにより不活化される。しかし、炎症が起きている組織では、α1−ATは好中球から放出される活性酸素、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ、ラクトフェリンにより酸化される結果、好中球エラスターゼは不活化されずに組織を障害するとされる。好中球エラスターゼは、基質特異性が少ないため、過剰に放出されたり、α1−ATなどのインヒビターが欠乏していると生体構成成分をも分解し、好中球エラスターゼによる自己の組織障害を引き起こす恐れがある。強度な障害を受けた血管内皮細胞は剥離され、剥離された部位に、血小板が粘着・凝集し、血栓が形成される。
すなわち、本発明の課題は、被験者(特には、DIC又はSIRS患者)において、血小板血栓症又は臓器障害を検出する方法、及び前記検出用キットを提供することにある。
本発明方法の好ましい態様によれば、前記分解因子が、エラスターゼ、プラスミン、及びトロンビンからなる群から選んだプロテアーゼ(より好ましくはエラスターゼ)である。
また、本発明方法の更に別の好ましい態様によれば、フォンヴィルブランド因子分解酵素の分析を免疫学的方法により実施する。
また、本発明方法の更に別の好ましい態様によれば、エラスターゼ、プラスミン、及びトロンビンからなる群から選んだプロテアーゼに対するアンタゴニスト若しくは阻害剤又はアゴニスト若しくは活性調節剤を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物を投与した後に、前記分析を実施する。
本発明のキットの好ましい態様によれば、エラスターゼ、プラスミン、及びトロンビンからなる群から選んだプロテアーゼにより切断されたvWF分解酵素に特異的に結合する抗体又はその断片を更に含む。
本発明方法では、vWF分解酵素及び/又はその分解因子の量(濃度)又は酵素活性を定量し、健常人のvWF分解酵素及び/又はその分解因子の量(濃度)又は酵素活性と比較することにより、血栓症又は臓器障害の検出(診断)を行うことができる。本明細書において、血栓症又は臓器障害の検出には、例えば、血小板血栓形成の程度の検出又は予測、血栓症又は臓器障害の発症の予測(すなわち、発症の危険性の評価)、血栓症又は臓器障害の有無の判定、血栓症又は臓器障害の予後の予測、モニタリング、治療法の決定などが含まれる。
本発明方法では、vWF分解酵素又はその分解因子の量(濃度)又は酵素活性のいずれを分析することもできるが、量(濃度)を分析することが好ましい。以下、本発明を、vWF分解酵素又はその分解因子の量(濃度)を分析する態様に基づいて主に説明するが、以下の説明は、酵素活性を分析する態様にも当てはまる。
本発明方法では、vWF分解酵素又はその分解因子のいずれか一方を分析することにより、血小板血栓症又は臓器障害の検出を行うこともできるが、vWF分解酵素の分析に加え、前記分解因子(すなわち、プロテアーゼ)の分析を行うことにより、より正確な検出又は予測を行うことができる。
前記プロテアーゼ濃度は、各種の公知方法で測定することができ、例えば、以下の方法で測定することができる。エラスターゼは、血中では90%以上がα1アンチトリプシンと結合した状態で存在する。この複合体は、モノクローナル抗体を用いたELISA法により測定することができる。また血中に生じたトロンビンも、各種因子により急速に中和されるため、直接測定することはできない。しかし、トロンビンとアンチトロンビンIIIとの複合体(TAT)として血中に生じたトロンビンの量をある程度予測することが可能である。プラスミンもトロンビン同様、急速に血中より消失するのでこれを直接測定することは不可能で、プラスミンとα2アンチプラスミンの複合体(PIC)として測定することができる。これら、TATやPICの複合体の測定にはモノクローナル抗体やポリクローナル抗体を使用したELISA法やラテックス凝集法などが用いられている。
本発明キットは、抗vWF分解酵素抗体又はその断片、及び/又はvWF分解酵素の分解因子に特異的に結合する抗体又はその断片を少なくとも含み、異なる2種類以上の抗vWF分解酵素抗体、及び/又は異なる2種類以上の抗分解因子抗体を含むことが好ましい。また、本発明キットは、所望により、エラスターゼ、プラスミン、及びトロンビンからなる群から選んだプロテアーゼにより切断されたvWF分解酵素に特異的に結合する抗体又はその断片を更に含むことができる。本発明キットは、本発明方法を実施するのに用いることができる。
組み換えvWF分解酵素1.5μgをトリス緩衝液/生理食塩水に溶解し、これにエラスターゼを終濃度20nmol/L又は140nmol/Lとなるように添加し、37度で15分間又は1時間インキュベーション後に、0.5μg相当のvWF分解酵素を分取した。これを非還元下のSDS電気泳動(5−20%ゲル)にて分離後、ウェスタンブロット法にて、PVDF(polyvinylidene difluoride)膜にトランスファーした。市販のブロッキング剤(ブロックエース;大日本製薬)で室温にて30分間ブロッキングした後、トリス緩衝液で洗浄した。1μg/mL抗vWF分解酵素モノクローナル抗体(WH2−22−1A:vWF分解酵素のディスインテグリン領域をエピトープとする)/トリス緩衝液(pH7.4)/10%ブロックエースにて1時間室温で反応させた後、トリス緩衝液(pH7.4)/0.05%NP−40で3回洗浄後、2000倍希釈したHRP(horseradish
peroxidase)標識抗マウスIgG抗体(バイオラッド)/トリス緩衝液(pH7.4)/10%ブロックエース溶液で1時間室温でインキュベーションした。トリス緩衝液(pH7.4)/0.05%NP−40で3回洗浄後、TMB溶液(ピアス社)にて発色を行った。結果を図1に示す。
レーン1:エラスターゼ未添加
レーン2:20nmol/Lエラスターゼ添加後37度で15分間反応
レーン3:140nmol/Lエラスターゼ添加後37度で15分間反応
レーン4:エラスターゼ未添加
レーン5:20nmol/Lエラスターゼ添加後37度で1時間反応
レーン6:140nmol/Lエラスターゼ添加後37度で1時間反応
組み換えvWF分解酵素1.5μgをトリス緩衝液/生理食塩水に溶解し、これにプラスミノーゲン(終濃度1μmol/L)及び組織プラスミノーゲンアクチベータ(tPA)(終濃度0.2nmol/L又は2nmol/L)を添加、あるいは、トロンビンを終濃度20mU又は200mUとなるように添加し、37度で15分間又は1時間インキュベーション後、0.5μg相当のvWF分解酵素を分取した。これをSDS電気泳動にて分離後、実施例1と同様の方法でウェスタンブロット法を行い、vWF分解酵素のバンドの検出を行った。結果を図2に示す。
レーン1:0.2nmol/L−tPA添加後37度で15分間反応
レーン2:2nmol/LtPA添加後37度で15分間反応
レーン3:20mmol/Lトロンビン添加後37度で15分間反応
レーン4:200mmol/Lトロンビン添加後37度で15分間反応
レーン5:プロテアーゼ未添加
レーン6:0.2nmol/LtPA添加後37度で1時間反応
レーン7:2nmol/LtPA添加後37度で1時間反応
レーン8:20mmol/Lトロンビン添加後37度で1時間反応
レーン9:200mmol/Lトロンビン添加後37度で1時間反応
本実施例では、健常者、DIC患者、及びSIRS患者由来の血漿を被検試料として、vWF分解酵素抗原量及びエラスターゼ量を測定した。vWF分解酵素抗原量は、市販キット(vWF分解酵素 ELISA kit;三菱化学ヤトロン)を使用して測定した。また、エラスターゼ量は、市販キット(PMN Elastase/α1-PI
Complex ELISA Kit;CALBIOCHEM社)を使用して、エラスターゼ/α1−アンチトリプシン量として測定を行った。
エラスターゼ/α1−アンチトリプシンとvWF分解酵素抗原量とは良好な逆相関(y=−0.1382x+74.643;R2=0.1549)を示し、エラスターゼ/α1−アンチトリプシン高値、すなわち、組織破壊が進行しているようなMOFの状態では、vWF分解酵素抗原はエラスターゼにより分解を受けて、vWF分解酵素抗原量が低下していることが示された。また、エラスターゼが100ng/mL以上の患者群では、vWF分解酵素抗原量が46.4±23.2%(Mean±SD)であるのに対し、エラスターゼが50ng/mL以下の患者群では71.7±29.0%と、vWF分解酵素抗原量が有意に低下している(P<0.05)ことが示された。
本発明は、被験者(例えば、DIC又はSIRS患者)における血小板血栓症又は臓器障害の検出の用途に適用することができる。
SIRSにおける臓器障害を早期に予測診断する意義は下記の通りである。多臓器障害に至った症例の救命率は決して高くなく、高度は集中治療を行っても改善しない症例も少なくない。そのため、少しでも早い時期に臓器障害へ移行する警戒信号(warning sign)をとらえて、臓器不全への進展を防止することが非常に重要である。すなわち、SIRSの段階で患者の病態・重症度を的確に判断し、その対策を講じることが必要となる。
以上、本発明を特定の態様に沿って説明したが、当業者に自明の変形や改良は本発明の範囲に含まれる。
Claims (4)
- 播種性血管内凝固症候群又は全身性炎症反応症候群患者から採取された体液試料中のエラスターゼ量を分析し、エラスターゼ量が健常者の正常値範囲より高値である場合に、フォンヴィルブランド因子分解酵素量又は酵素活性が健常者の正常値範囲より低値であると予測することを特徴とする、フォンヴィルブランド因子分解酵素の量又は酵素活性を予測する方法。
- 更にフォンヴィルブランド因子分解酵素の量又は酵素活性を分析し、前記予測が正しいことを確認する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 播種性血管内凝固症候群又は全身性炎症反応症候群患者から採取された体液試料中のフォンヴィルブランド因子分解酵素の量又は酵素活性を分析し、フォンヴィルブランド因子分解酵素の量又は酵素活性が健常者の正常値範囲より高値である場合に、エラスターゼ量が健常者の正常値範囲より低値であると予測することを特徴とする、エラスターゼ量を予測する方法。
- 更にエラスターゼ量を分析し、前記予測が正しいことを確認する、請求項3に記載の方法。
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CN (2) | CN101056989A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2586848A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2399607T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006049300A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1816211A4 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2008-11-12 | Mitsubishi Kagaku Iatron Inc | METHOD OF DETECTING THROMBOSIS OF BLOOD PLAQUETTES OR DEGASTS TO AN ORGAN |
CA2641189A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-09 | Mitsubishi Kagaku Iatron, Inc. | Method for determination of condition of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome |
CN101384728B (zh) | 2006-02-16 | 2013-05-22 | 三菱化学美迪恩斯株式会社 | 意识障碍患者的病态检测方法和检测试剂盒 |
JP5010220B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2012-08-29 | 三菱化学メディエンス株式会社 | 造血幹細胞移植療法の施行患者の病態把握方法 |
JP4871173B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-06 | 2012-02-08 | 三菱化学メディエンス株式会社 | 糖尿病性腎症患者の病態把握方法 |
CN102435166B (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-06-05 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第三附属医院 | 人体脏器模型力学损伤评估方法 |
KR102044940B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | 가부시키가이샤 엘에스아이 메디엔스 | 파종성 혈관 내 응고 증후군 또는 감염성 파종성 혈관 내 응고 증후군을 검출하는 방법 |
EP3401685B1 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2021-12-01 | Kyoto University | Diagnostic method and medicine comprising adamts13 as main ingredient |
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DE69628008T2 (de) | 1995-06-07 | 2003-11-27 | Chiron Corp. (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware), Emeryville | Regulierung der neutrophil elastase synthese und freisetzung |
ATE460479T1 (de) * | 2002-09-25 | 2010-03-15 | Chemo Sero Therapeut Res Inst | Antikörper gegen ein den von-willebrand-faktor spezifisch spaltendes enzym und assay-system unter verwendung davon |
JP4369143B2 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2009-11-18 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | フォンビルブランド因子切断酵素機能の検出方法 |
US7763430B2 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2010-07-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Diagnostic assay for anti-von Willebrand Factor cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) antibodies |
US20050186646A1 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2005-08-25 | Cruz Miguel A. | Rapid assay to detect ADAMTS-13 activity |
EP1568782A1 (de) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-31 | Clemens Bockmeyer | Diagnose und Therapie von ADAMTS-13 assoziierten Erkrankungen |
EP1816211A4 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2008-11-12 | Mitsubishi Kagaku Iatron Inc | METHOD OF DETECTING THROMBOSIS OF BLOOD PLAQUETTES OR DEGASTS TO AN ORGAN |
CN101384728B (zh) * | 2006-02-16 | 2013-05-22 | 三菱化学美迪恩斯株式会社 | 意识障碍患者的病态检测方法和检测试剂盒 |
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- 2005-11-08 CN CN200580037843.8A patent/CN101056989A/zh active Pending
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EP1816211A4 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
CA2586848A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CN101056989A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
US20080096221A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EP2322646A8 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
US7923255B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 |
EP2322646A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
WO2006049300A1 (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
JPWO2006049300A1 (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
EP1816211A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
EP2322646B1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CN102121939A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
ES2399607T3 (es) | 2013-04-02 |
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