JP4852347B2 - トナー製造方法 - Google Patents
トナー製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4852347B2 JP4852347B2 JP2006161961A JP2006161961A JP4852347B2 JP 4852347 B2 JP4852347 B2 JP 4852347B2 JP 2006161961 A JP2006161961 A JP 2006161961A JP 2006161961 A JP2006161961 A JP 2006161961A JP 4852347 B2 JP4852347 B2 JP 4852347B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- pat
- toner
- toner particles
- latex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08782—Waxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
- G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
- G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
- G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
- G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08713—Polyvinylhalogenides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08713—Polyvinylhalogenides
- G03G9/08715—Polyvinylhalogenides containing chlorine, bromine or iodine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08713—Polyvinylhalogenides
- G03G9/08715—Polyvinylhalogenides containing chlorine, bromine or iodine
- G03G9/08717—Polyvinylchloride
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08713—Polyvinylhalogenides
- G03G9/0872—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08722—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyallylalcohols; Polyvinylethers; Polyvinylaldehydes; Polyvinylketones; Polyvinylketals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08724—Polyvinylesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08728—Polymers of esters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08733—Polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08737—Polymers derived from conjugated dienes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/155,452 | 2005-06-17 | ||
| US11/155,452 US7459258B2 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Toner processes |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006350340A JP2006350340A (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
| JP2006350340A5 JP2006350340A5 (enExample) | 2009-07-23 |
| JP4852347B2 true JP4852347B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
Family
ID=37573766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006161961A Expired - Fee Related JP4852347B2 (ja) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-06-12 | トナー製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7459258B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4852347B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101089738B (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0602309A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0694440B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-11 | 1994-11-24 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 新規なホルミル酢酸エステル |
| KR20080028718A (ko) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 토너 조성물 제조방법 |
| US8492065B2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2013-07-23 | Xerox Corporation | Latex processes |
| US8551681B2 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2013-10-08 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Emulsion aggregation toner formulation |
| US8207246B2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2012-06-26 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for producing polyester latexes via solvent-free emulsification |
| US8394568B2 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2013-03-12 | Xerox Corporation | Synthesis and emulsification of resins |
| US8618192B2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-12-31 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for producing polyester latexes via solvent-free emulsification |
| US9012118B2 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2015-04-21 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions and processes |
| US8608367B2 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2013-12-17 | Xerox Corporation | Screw extruder for continuous and solvent-free resin emulsification |
| US8221953B2 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2012-07-17 | Xerox Corporation | Emulsion aggregation process |
| US20120189956A1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Xerox Corporation | Solvent-free toner processes |
| US8663565B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2014-03-04 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous emulsification—aggregation process for the production of particles |
| US8916098B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2014-12-23 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous emulsification-aggregation process for the production of particles |
| US9134640B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2015-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | Clear styrene emulsion/aggregation toner |
| US8652747B2 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-02-18 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous production of fine toner |
| US8685607B2 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2014-04-01 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous process for manufacturing toners |
| US8956797B2 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2015-02-17 | Xerox Corporation | Batch/continuous production of toner |
| US8815487B2 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-08-26 | Xerox Corporation | Batch/continuous production of toner |
| US9639013B2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2017-05-02 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous coalescence processes |
| US9090760B2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2015-07-28 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous latex production processes |
| US20140302436A1 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-09 | Xerox Corporation | Continuous wax dispersion production processes |
| US20150111148A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Xerox Corporation | Porous Resin Particles |
| JP6696421B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 | 2020-05-20 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | トナー製造用連続式反応装置、連続式反応システム、微粒子製造方法、及び静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法 |
| US20180021506A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2018-01-25 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method for heating fluids |
Family Cites Families (59)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3590000A (en) | 1967-06-05 | 1971-06-29 | Xerox Corp | Solid developer for latent electrostatic images |
| CH548270A (fr) | 1970-02-26 | 1974-04-30 | Union Carbide Corp | Procede pour fluidiser et melanger une matiere thermoplastique en particules et extrudeur a vis pour sa mise en oeuvre. |
| US3720617A (en) | 1970-05-20 | 1973-03-13 | Xerox Corp | An electrostatic developer containing modified silicon dioxide particles |
| US3983045A (en) | 1971-10-12 | 1976-09-28 | Xerox Corporation | Three component developer composition |
| US3944493A (en) | 1974-05-16 | 1976-03-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrographic toner and developer composition |
| US4007293A (en) | 1976-03-01 | 1977-02-08 | Xerox Corporation | Mechanically viable developer materials |
| US4079014A (en) | 1976-07-21 | 1978-03-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrographic toner and developer composition containing a 4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo(2.2.2) octane salt as a charge control agent |
| US4265990A (en) | 1977-05-04 | 1981-05-05 | Xerox Corporation | Imaging system with a diamine charge transport material in a polycarbonate resin |
| US4394430A (en) | 1981-04-14 | 1983-07-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrophotographic dry toner and developer compositions |
| US4560635A (en) | 1984-08-30 | 1985-12-24 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions with ammonium sulfate charge enhancing additives |
| US4563408A (en) | 1984-12-24 | 1986-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Photoconductive imaging member with hydroxyaromatic antioxidant |
| US4584253A (en) | 1984-12-24 | 1986-04-22 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophotographic imaging system |
| US4937166A (en) | 1985-10-30 | 1990-06-26 | Xerox Corporation | Polymer coated carrier particles for electrophotographic developers |
| US4935326A (en) | 1985-10-30 | 1990-06-19 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophotographic carrier particles coated with polymer mixture |
| US4858884A (en) | 1988-09-22 | 1989-08-22 | Suntex Industries Incorporated | Diaphragm-actuated valve for a gear pump |
| US5227460A (en) | 1991-12-30 | 1993-07-13 | Xerox Corporation | Cross-linked toner resins |
| US5290654A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1994-03-01 | Xerox Corporation | Microsuspension processes for toner compositions |
| US5278020A (en) | 1992-08-28 | 1994-01-11 | Xerox Corporation | Toner composition and processes thereof |
| US5308734A (en) | 1992-12-14 | 1994-05-03 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US5346797A (en) | 1993-02-25 | 1994-09-13 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US5348832A (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1994-09-20 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions |
| US5364729A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1994-11-15 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5344738A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1994-09-06 | Xerox Corporation | Process of making toner compositions |
| US5403693A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-04-04 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation and coalescence processes |
| US5370963A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1994-12-06 | Xerox Corporation | Toner emulsion aggregation processes |
| US5418108A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-05-23 | Xerox Corporation | Toner emulsion aggregation process |
| US5405728A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-04-11 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5366841A (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-11-22 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5500324A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-03-19 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for low melt crosslinked toner resins and toner |
| EP0716344A1 (en) | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-12 | Konica Corporation | Light-sensitive composition and light-sensitive lithographic printing plate using the same |
| US5501935A (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1996-03-26 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5977210A (en) | 1995-01-30 | 1999-11-02 | Xerox Corporation | Modified emulsion aggregation processes |
| US5527658A (en) | 1995-03-13 | 1996-06-18 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes using water insoluble transition metal containing powder |
| US5496676A (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-05 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5565296A (en) | 1995-07-03 | 1996-10-15 | Xerox Corporation | Coated carriers by aggregation processes |
| US5650484A (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-07-22 | Xerox Corporation | Feedback control system for polymer modification of toner resins and toners |
| US5585215A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1996-12-17 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions |
| US5650255A (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-07-22 | Xerox Corporation | Low shear toner aggregation processes |
| US5723252A (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1998-03-03 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| JP4068191B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-11 | 2008-03-26 | 株式会社リコー | 電子写真用トナー及びその製造方法 |
| US5650256A (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1997-07-22 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US5683848A (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1997-11-04 | Xerox Corporation | Acrylonitrile-modified toner composition and processes |
| US5796676A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-08-18 | Input/Output, Inc. | Hydrophone module for a marine seismic cable |
| US5763133A (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-06-09 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions and processes |
| US5827633A (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1998-10-27 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US6140000A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2000-10-31 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner for electrophotography and manufacturing method thereof |
| US5766817A (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-06-16 | Xerox Corporation | Toner miniemulsion process |
| US5962178A (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-10-05 | Xerox Corporation | Sediment free toner processes |
| US5910387A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 1999-06-08 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions with acrylonitrile and processes |
| US5916725A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 1999-06-29 | Xerox Corporation | Surfactant free toner processes |
| US5919595A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 1999-07-06 | Xerox Corporation | Toner process with cationic salts |
| US5853944A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 1998-12-29 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US5869215A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 1999-02-09 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions and processes thereof |
| US5840462A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 1998-11-24 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US5863698A (en) | 1998-04-13 | 1999-01-26 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
| US6190815B1 (en) | 1998-08-11 | 2001-02-20 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions |
| US6004714A (en) | 1998-08-11 | 1999-12-21 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions |
| US6054240A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-04-25 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions and processes thereof |
| US6503680B1 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Latex processes |
-
2005
- 2005-06-17 US US11/155,452 patent/US7459258B2/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-06-12 JP JP2006161961A patent/JP4852347B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-16 CN CN2006100928059A patent/CN101089738B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-16 BR BRPI0602309-6A patent/BRPI0602309A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101089738A (zh) | 2007-12-19 |
| US7459258B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
| CN101089738B (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
| US20060286478A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
| BRPI0602309A (pt) | 2007-02-21 |
| JP2006350340A (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
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