JP4822137B2 - キャップ層の局在化ドーピングを有する太陽電池構造体 - Google Patents
キャップ層の局在化ドーピングを有する太陽電池構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 55
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum indium phosphorus Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
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Description
窓層は、例えば、アルミニウムを含有するIII−V族半導体化合物とすることができ、障壁層及びキャップ層の各々は、III−V族半導体化合物を含むことができる。例えば、障壁層及びキャップ層は、InGaAs層とすることができ、窓層は、AlInP2層とすることができる。
一連の半導体層は、窓層がサブセルのスタックの上端の近くにある、上下に積み重ねたサブセルを有する多重接合太陽電池構造体を含むことができる。
一部の実施例は、様々な利点を含む。例えば、障壁層の追加は、窓層内へのシリコンの拡散を阻止(又は低減)するのを助けることができ、従って、窓層からのアルミニウムの外方拡散を阻止(又は低減)することができる。それは、太陽電池の開路電圧(VOC)及び効率の増大をもたらすことができる。
他の特徴及び利点は、以下の詳細説明、添付図面、及び特許請求の範囲から明らかになるであろう。
図示の例においては、多重接合太陽電池構造体22は、基板36の上に垂直方向に積み重ねた下部サブセル28、中間サブセル30、及び上部サブセル32を含む。サブセル28、30、32は、上下に堆積した一連の半導体層22を含む。上部セル32の上方には、障壁層64によって上部セルから分離されたキャップ層66があり、これは、以下でより詳細に説明する。
中間サブセル30内の窓層52は、同じく再結合損失の低減に役立ち、かつ下側接合のセル表面の不動態化を改善する。本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく付加的な層を追加又は削除することができる。上部セル32の堆積の前に、p型及びn型トンネル接合層54が、中間サブセル30の上に堆積される。
図示の例において、金属材料との接触を改善するために使用されるドープキャップ層66は、約5×1018cm-3から6×1018cm-3の範囲のシリコン濃度を有する。より一般的には、ドープキャップ層66は、通常は、約1×1018cm-3から約1×1019cm-3の範囲のシリコン濃度を有する。
図示の実施において、n+キャップ層66は、約600Åの厚みを有し、非ドープ(又は非意図的ドープ)障壁層64は、約4150Åの厚みを有する。従って、障壁層64は、ドープキャップ層66の数倍の厚みとすることができる(図示の例においては、7倍に近い厚み)。いずれにせよ、より高くシリコンドープされたキャップ層66は、上部サブセル32の窓62から空間的に分離される。
図3の例に示すように、エッチング停止層68がキャップ層66の上に堆積される。エッチング停止層68は、例えば、n型GaInP2とすることができる。次の加工段階が高温で行われる状況では、n型AlGaAsのエッチング停止層68が有利であろう。
図示の実施において、エッチング停止層68は、約900Åの厚みを有する。図示の例における他の層の厚みは、次の通りである:接触層70(1000Å)、基部層72(2000Å)、真性層74(10000Å)、エミッタ層(5000Å)、及び接触層78(500Å)。
ブロック112では、工程は、太陽電池構造体のための一連の層を堆積させる段階を含む。一部の実施形態では、太陽電池は、下部、中間、及び上部サブセルを含む三重接合太陽電池である。ホモ接合サブセルでヘテロ接合サブセルを置換することができる。太陽電池サブセルが形成された後に、工程は、ブロック114に進む。
次に、他の製造段階を行ってもよい。例えば、ブロック118で示すように、太陽電池の形成を完了させるために、ガラスカバー及び電極ターミナルを堆積させることができる。
他の実施も特許請求の範囲内である。
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24 一体化バイパスダイオード
Claims (30)
- 半導体基板と、
上部サブセル構造体及び下部サブセル構造体を含む複数のサブセル構造体を形成する、前記半導体基板の上に配置された一連の半導体層であって、前記上部サブセル構造体が、背面電界層、前記背面電界層の直接上の基部層、前記基部層の直接上のエミッタ層、及び前記エミッタ層の直接上の半導体窓層を含む、前記一連の半導体層と、
前記上部サブセル構造体の前記半導体窓層の上の半導体障壁層であって、前記半導体障壁層が、サブセル構造体のベース又はエミッタを構成しない、前記半導体障壁層と、
前記半導体障壁層の上のシリコン含有半導体キャップ層と、を有し、
前記半導体障壁層が、シリコンを含まないか又は前記半導体キャップ層のシリコン濃度よりも少なくとも50%低いシリコン濃度を有するかのいずれかである、ことを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 前記半導体障壁層の前記シリコンの濃度は、前記半導体キャップ層のシリコン濃度よりも少なくとも2桁少ないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体障壁層は、前記半導体キャップ層よりも厚いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体障壁層は、前記半導体キャップ層よりも少なくとも数倍厚いことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体障壁層及び前記半導体キャップ層のそれぞれは、III−V族半導体化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体窓層は、アルミニウムを含有するIII−V族半導体化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体窓層は、アルミニウムを含有するIII−V族半導体化合物を含み、前記半導体障壁層及び前記半導体キャップ層の各々は、III−V族半導体化合物を含み、かつ前記半導体障壁層は、前記半導体キャップ層のシリコン濃度よりも少なくとも2桁少ないシリコン濃度を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記一連の半導体層は、上下に積み重ねられた複数のサブセルを有する多重接合太陽電池構造体を含み、
前記半導体窓層は、前記サブセルのスタックの上部近くにある、ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池。 - 前記半導体キャップ層内の前記シリコン濃度は、1×1018cm-3から1×1019cm-3の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体キャップ層内の前記シリコン濃度は、5×1018cm-3から6×1018cm-3の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体障壁層及び前記半導体キャップ層はInGaAsを含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池。
- 太陽電池を製造する方法であって、
半導体基板の上に太陽電池構造体を形成するために、一連の半導体層を堆積させる工程であって、前記一連の半導体層が、基部層、前記基部層の直接上のエミッタ層、及び前記エミッタ層の直接上の窓層を含む、前記工程と、
前記窓層の直接上に半導体障壁層を堆積させる工程と、
前記半導体障壁層の直接上にシリコン含有半導体キャップ層を堆積させる工程と、を有し、
前記半導体障壁層が、シリコンを含まないか又は前記半導体キャップ層のシリコン濃度よりも少なくとも50%低いシリコン濃度を有するかのいずれかである、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記半導体障壁層は、前記半導体キャップ層のシリコン濃度よりも少なくとも2桁少ないシリコン濃度を有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体障壁層よりも少ない厚みを有する前記半導体キャップ層を堆積する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体障壁層よりも少なくとも数倍小さい厚みを有する前記半導体キャップ層を堆積する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体障壁層及び前記半導体キャップ層のそれぞれは、III−V族半導体化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記窓層は、アルミニウムを含有するIII−V族半導体化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記窓層は、アルミニウムを含有するIII−V族半導体化合物を含み、
前記半導体障壁層及び前記半導体キャップ層のそれぞれは、III−V族半導体化合物を含み、
前記半導体障壁層は、前記半導体キャップ層のシリコン濃度よりも少なくとも2桁少ないシリコン濃度を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。 - 上下に積み重ねられた複数のサブセルを有する多重接合太陽電池構造体を形成するために、前記一連の半導体層を堆積する工程を含み、
前記窓層が、前記サブセルのスタックの上部近くにある、ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。 - 前記半導体キャップ層内の前記シリコン濃度は、1×1018cm-3から1×1019cm-3の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体キャップ層内の前記シリコン濃度は、5×1018cm-3から6×1018cm-3の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体障壁層及び前記半導体キャップ層はInGaAsを含むことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体キャップ層の少なくとも一部分の上に、積分能動素子のための層を堆積する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体キャップ層の少なくとも一部分の上に、積分バイパスダイオードのための層を堆積する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記積分バイパスダイオードのための前記層を堆積する工程の前に、前記半導体キャップ層の上にエッチストップ層を堆積する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記エッチストップ層はAlGaAsを含むことを特徴とする請求項25に記載の方法。
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の上に配置された一連の半導体層であって、前記一連の半導体層が、上部サブセル構造体及び下部サブセル構造体を含み、前記上部サブセル構造体が、基部層、前記基部層の直接上のエミッタ層、及び前記エミッタ層の直接上の窓層を含む、前記一連の半導体層と、
前記上部サブセル構造体の前記窓層の上のシリコン含有半導体キャップ層と、を有し、
前記半導体キャップ層から前記窓層へのシリコンの拡散を防止するため、前記半導体キャップ層が、半導体障壁層によって、前記上部サブセル構造体の前記窓層から空間的に分離されている、ことを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 太陽電池を製造する方法であって、
半導体基板の上に太陽電池構造体を形成するために、上部サブセル構造体及び下部サブセル構造体を含む一連の半導体層を堆積させる工程であって、前記上部サブセル構造体が、基部層、前記基部層の直接上のエミッタ層、及び前記エミッタ層の直接上の窓層を含む、前記工程と、
前記窓層の直接上に半導体障壁層を堆積させる工程と、
前記半導体障壁層の上にシリコン含有半導体キャップ層を堆積させる工程と、有し、
前記半導体障壁層が、前記半導体キャップ層から前記上部サブセル構造体の前記窓層へのシリコンの拡散を防止する、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記半導体障壁層が、サブセル構造体の基部層又はエミッタ層を構成しない、ドープされていない層又は故意にドープされていない層であることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体障壁層が、サブセル構造体の基部層又はエミッタ層を構成しない、ドープされていない層又は故意にドープされていない層であることを特徴とする請求項27に記載の太陽電池。
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