JP4815262B2 - Tunnel lining method and formwork apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for lining a tunnel and a formwork apparatus used therefor.

  A tunnel wall made of a ground of a tunnel generated by excavation and sprayed concrete blown to the ground is covered with a cover made of cast-in-place concrete.

  The lining is usually formed sequentially from the wellhead to the face for each of a plurality of sections divided in the axial direction of the tunnel. In order to form a lining in each section, a formwork device is installed along the tunnel wall surface, and concrete is placed in a concrete placement space formed between the tunnel wall surface by the formwork device.

  Concrete placement into the concrete placement space is usually performed from the side of the tunnel wellhead, and the placement space is gradually directed from the tunnel wellhead side to the face and from the bottom to the top. Filled with concrete.

  The formwork apparatus used to form the concrete placing space includes a top formwork part disposed so as to face the tunnel wall surface, a formwork having both side formwork parts, and a support carriage that supports the formwork. With. Both side part formwork parts of the formwork are pivotally attached to both ends in the circumferential direction of the top formwork part. The top mold part and the side mold part are each supported by the support carriage via a hydraulic jack, and when the mold apparatus is installed or removed, by operating the hydraulic jack, The top formwork is raised and lowered, and the side formwork is pivoted about a tunnel axis, ie, an axis parallel to the axis of the formwork device.

  By the way, in the formation of the lining, it has been pointed out that a gap is inevitably left in the concrete placement space, particularly at the top of the tunnel well side and in the vicinity thereof.

  Conventionally, in order to remove the gap, it has been proposed to discharge air from the place where the gap is generated to the outside of the concrete placement space using a hose during concrete placement (Patent Document 1 described later). reference). In addition, a pipe is used instead of the hose. According to this, the space occupied by the air by the discharge of the air from the placement space is filled with the concrete, and the generation of the gap is prevented.

  However, on the other hand, the hose or pipe needs to be pulled out from the concrete that has been laid later, so that the trace remains in the finished lining, and the trace causes a crack in the concrete. It was.

JP 2005-179891 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming a lining that does not leave a trace of a pipe and a formwork apparatus used therefor.

  The present invention relates to a tunnel lining method. First, a formwork apparatus is installed in the tunnel. The formwork device is a formwork for forming a concrete placement space between the tunnel wall surface and has a top, and is provided with a supply port for concrete placed in the concrete placement space. A formed mold, and at least one pipe that is attached upward to the top of the mold and opens to the inside and the outside of the concrete placing space and can be moved up and down along its axis; A vibrator attached to the formwork and proximate to the pipe and capable of moving up and down along an axis thereof. Next, during or before placing concrete in the concrete placing space, raising the pipe until it abuts or approaches the tunnel wall surface, after the concrete reaches the top of the tunnel wall surface Lowering the pipe and actuating the vibrator during the lowering of the pipe. Preferably, the pipe having a closed upper end and at least one hole formed in the vicinity of the upper end and communicating with the inside and the outside of the pipe is used. In this case, preferably, when the upper end of the pipe and the upper end of the vibrator reach the formwork, the lowering of them is stopped.

  The present invention also relates to a formwork device used for forming a tunnel lining, wherein the formwork device is a formwork for forming a concrete placement space between the tunnel wall surface and the formwork device. A mold having a top and provided with a supply port for the concrete to be placed in the concrete placement space; and an interior and an exterior of the concrete placement space attached to the top of the mold upward At least one pipe which is open to the axis and can be moved up and down along its axis, and at least one vibrator which is attached to the mold and is close to the pipe and which can be moved up and down along the axis Including.

The formwork apparatus may have a pipe that does not have the vibrator and can vibrate. The pipe is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the supply port for the concrete, and the pipe is formed at a closed upper end, and at least one formed in the vicinity of the upper end and communicating with the inside and the outside of the pipe. It can have a hole.

  According to the present invention, during the placement of concrete into the concrete placement space, the air remaining at the top of the tunnel wall surface and in the vicinity thereof can be discharged out of the concrete placement space through the pipe of the formwork device. The portion of the space occupied by the discharged air is subsequently filled with concrete when the supplied concrete reaches the top of the tunnel wall. Next, by lowering the pipe and operating a vibrator in the concrete, vibration of the vibrator can be applied to the concrete around the pipe. As a result, the concrete is compacted, and the concrete is filled in the place where the pipe is present, and a lining without a trace of the pipe is formed.

  By arranging the pipe in the vicinity of the concrete supply port where the air tends to remain, it is possible to expect completeness of the discharge of the air. When using a pipe whose upper end is closed and a hole is formed in the vicinity of the upper end, the air can be discharged through the hole, and a pipe having an open upper end is used. In comparison, the amount of concrete that flows through the pipe with the air can be limited. Further, by stopping the lowering of the pipe and the lowering of the vibrator when their upper ends reach the mold, these upper ends can be used as a part of the mold.

  In a formwork apparatus not having a vibrator, when the pipe is lowered, the pipe is vibrated. As a result, the concrete around the descending pipe is subjected to vibration and compacted, and as a result, the occurrence of the trace of the pipe is prevented.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a formwork device 14 is installed in the tunnel 10 in order to form a cover 12 (see FIG. 2) made of cast-in-place concrete in a mountain tunnel 10 formed by excavating a natural ground. . In addition to the mountain tunnel shown in the figure, the tunnel targeted by the present invention includes a tunnel formed in the ground, an existing tunnel targeted for renewal, and the like.

  The lining 12 is sequentially formed from a tunnel opening of the tunnel 10 toward its face for a plurality of regions (sections) divided in the axial direction of the tunnel 10. For this reason, the formwork apparatus 14 used for forming the lining in each section is moved in the tunnel 10 from one section to another section adjacent thereto.

  The formwork device 14 is a concrete placement space 17 between a ground wall of the tunnel 10, a mortar layer sprayed on the surface of the ground mountain, or a tunnel wall surface 16 made of a sheet (not shown) covering them. And a support carriage 20 for supporting and moving the formwork in the tunnel 10.

  The mold 18 includes a top mold 21 and both side molds disposed so as to face the tunnel wall 16. Each side mold part is composed of two parts 22, 24. One part 22 is pivotally attached to both ends in the circumferential direction of the top mold part 21, and the other part 24 is pivotally attached to one part 22. ing. Each portion 22, 24 is pivotable about an axis parallel to the axis of the mold 18.

  The mold 18 is supported on the support carriage 20 via a plurality of hydraulic jacks 26, 28, 30. Both ends of the hydraulic jack 26 are connected to the support carriage 20 and the top formwork 21 of the mold, respectively, and both ends of the hydraulic jack 28 are one part of the support carriage 20 and the side formwork of the formwork, respectively. The hydraulic jack 30 is connected to the support carriage 20 and the other part 24 of the side mold part of the mold.

  According to this, when the hydraulic jack 26 is expanded and contracted, the top mold part 21 of the mold 18 is moved up and down together with the side mold parts 22 and 24. Further, when the hydraulic jack 28 is expanded and contracted, the one part 22 of the side mold part pivots with respect to the top mold part 21, and the other part 24 pivots together with the one part 22 at the same time. Further, when the hydraulic jack 30 is expanded and contracted, the other part 24 of the side mold part is pivoted.

  By expanding and contracting the hydraulic jacks 26, 28, and 30, the top mold part 21 and the side mold parts 22 and 24 are stretched along the tunnel wall surface 16 in the circumferential direction (the mold 18 is concrete). A state in which the placement space 17 is formed) and a folded state in which the top mold part 21 is lowered toward the inside of the tunnel 10 and the side mold parts 22 and 24 are pivoted (the mold 18 is demolded). State).

  The support carriage 20 of the mold 18 is provided with wheels 36 that can be rolled on a pair of rails 34 that are arranged on the bottom surface 32 of the tunnel 10 and extend in the axial direction thereof.

  By installing the formwork device 14 in a section of the tunnel, a concrete placement space 17 is formed between the tunnel wall 16 and the formwork 18, and then concrete C (FIG. 2) is placed in the concrete placement space 17. Established.

  For example, the concrete is first placed through a concrete supply port (not shown) provided in the side mold sections 22 and 24 of the mold 18, and the tunnel wall surface 16 and the side mold sections 22 and 24. Fill the space between the concrete. Thereafter, the concrete is supplied to the concrete placement space 17 through a supply port 40 (FIG. 2) provided in the end portion 38 on the wellhead side of the tunnel 10 of the mold 18 and positioned near the top of the mold 18. The concrete is blown upward from the supply port 40 to a space portion between the tunnel wall surface 16 and the top mold part 21 of the mold. Thus, the space portion of the concrete placement space 17 is filled with concrete from the tunnel entrance side to the face side of the tunnel 10. In addition, the supply port 40 of the concrete C is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be provided at a location other than the end portion 38 of the mold 18 as necessary.

  At this time, on the side of the end portion 38 of the mold 18 in the concrete placing space 17, in order to prevent the generation of voids in the lining due to the retention of air at the top of the mold 18 and in the vicinity thereof, During the placement of concrete into the installation space 17, the air is discharged to the outside of the concrete placement space 17.

  The air can be discharged using two pipes 42 that are installed in the mold apparatus 14 and open to the inside and outside of the concrete placing space 17. The formwork device 14 is also provided with a vibrator 44 (FIG. 3) at a position close to each pipe 42, that is, at a position where the casting concrete that covers the periphery of the pipe 42 can be vibrated. The illustrated vibrator 44 includes a cylindrical casing and a vibrator disposed therein, and the casing vibrates by the operation of the vibrator.

  The pipe 42 and the vibrator 44 are disposed in the vicinity of the concrete supply port 40 provided in the mold 18, in the illustrated example, at the top of the mold 18 at or near the end 38 of the mold 18, and upward. Mostly, it extends in the diameter direction of the top mold part 21 of the mold 18.

  The pipe 42 and the vibrator 44 are respectively attached to the top mold part 21 of the mold 18 outside the concrete placement space 17 via support members 46 and 48, and the top mold part 21 of the mold 18. And through the holes 50 and 52 (FIG. 3) provided at intervals in the length direction (axial direction).

  More specifically, the pipe 42 and the vibrator 44 are respectively attached to the support members 46 and 48 via two pairs of hydraulic jacks 54 and 56 connected to and extending in parallel therewith.

  The hydraulic jacks 54 and 56 are respectively fixed to the support members 46 and 48 in these cylinder portions, and the pipe 42 and the vibrator 44 are rod portions that can enter and exit the cylinder portions of the hydraulic jacks 54 and 56, respectively. Are fixed to each other via a pair of brackets 58 and 60.

  The pipe 42 and the vibrator 44 can be moved (lifted / lowered) in the axial direction by the expansion / contraction operation of the hydraulic jacks 54 and 56, respectively. In the illustrated example, the rod portions of the hydraulic jacks 54 and 56 are covered with a bellows member 62 for dust prevention, and the bellows member 62 expands and contracts according to the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic jack.

  The pipe 42 preferably has a length dimension that allows its upper end to be brought into contact with the tunnel wall 16 by raising it. The illustrated pipe 42 has a closed upper end 64 and two holes 66 formed in the vicinity of the upper end and communicating with the inside and the outside of the pipe 42 (see FIGS. 3 and 4).

  In the illustrated example, the upper end 64 of the pipe 42 is closed by a disc-shaped lid 68 fixed to the open surface. The lid 68 has the same diameter as the outer diameter of the pipe 42, and its center is located on the axis of the pipe 42. Each of the holes 66 shown in the drawing is formed by cutting out a part of the upper end surface of the pipe 42 and a part of the side surface connected thereto, and is positioned at an angle of 180 ° around the axis of the pipe 42. .

  The lid 68 may be constituted by any other thing that can close the open upper end of the pipe 42, for example, an external thread that can be engaged with an internal thread formed on the inner surface of the upper end of the pipe. The number of holes 68 can be at least one. The hole 68 can be a hole that opens only to the side surface of the pipe 42, for example. It is desirable that the hole 68 is close to the upper end of the pipe 42 so as to open in the upper part of the concrete placing space 17.

  The pipe 42 is raised until the upper end of the pipe 42 abuts against the tunnel wall surface 16 or reaches the height position immediately before the pipe 42 abuts.

  According to the pipe 42, the air remaining in the upper portion of the concrete placement space 17 can be guided to the inside through the hole 66 and discharged from the lower open end to the outside of the concrete placement space 17. Further, when the upper portion of the concrete placement space 17 is filled with concrete as the air is discharged, a part of the concrete also flows out from the pipe through the hole 68 of the pipe 42, but the upper end of the pipe 42 is closed. Therefore, the amount of outflow is less than when it is open. Whether or not the upper portion of the concrete placing space 17 is filled with concrete can be confirmed through a window (not shown) provided on the tunnel face side of the formwork 18.

  After confirming the filling of the concrete into the upper portion of the concrete placement space 17, the pipe 42 in the concrete is lowered. The vibrator 44 is operated during the lowering of the pipe 42, preferably for a while after the lowering is stopped. At this time, the vibrator 44 located in the vicinity of the pipe 42 exerts its vibration on the concrete around the pipe 42, thereby causing the concrete to flow in the place where the pipe 42 is present and leaving traces of the pipe 42 in the concrete. It does not remain and acts to compact the concrete.

  The lowering of the pipe 42 stops when the upper end of the pipe reaches the mold 18, more specifically when the top surface of the lid 68 reaches the level of the inner surface of the top of the mold 18 (see FIG. 5). At this time, the lid 68 at the upper end of the pipe 42 closes the hole 50 to prevent leakage of concrete from the hole and to act as a part of the mold 18. According to this, the lining without an unevenness | corrugation can be formed in an internal peripheral surface. Instead of this example, the pipe 42 can be pulled out from the hole 50 and then the hole 50 can be closed with, for example, a plate material.

  The vibrator 44 lowers the concrete while operating the vibrator 44 during or after the pipe 42 is lowered. As a result, as in the case where the pipe 42 is pulled out from the concrete, the trace of the vibrator 44 can be prevented from being generated in the concrete. The lowering of the vibrator 44 is also stopped when the upper end reaches the inner surface of the top of the mold 18. Thereby, the hole 52 is closed by the upper end of the vibrator 44, and the leakage of concrete from the hole can be prevented and the function as a part of the mold 18 can be carried. The vibrator 44 may also be pulled out from the hole 52 and the hole 52 may be closed with a plate material.

  Instead of the illustrated example in which the number of sets of the pipes 42 and the vibrators 44 is two, this may be one set or three or more sets. Moreover, it can be set as the group which consists of one pipe 42 and several vibrators 44, or can be made into the group which consists of several pipes 42 and one vibrator.

  Further, the pipe 42 may have, for example, a square cross-sectional shape instead of a circular cross-sectional shape. Further, the pipe 42 may be open at the top instead of the illustrated example.

  Instead of the above-described example, it is possible to provide a mold apparatus in which the arrangement of the vibrator 44 is omitted and the pipe 42 itself can be vibrated. The pipe 42 can be made to vibrate, for example, by attaching a vibrator to the lower end thereof, and the pipe 42 can be vibrated by operating the vibrator. The vibration of the pipe 42 is generated during its descending. Due to the vibration of the pipe 42 that is being lowered, the surrounding cast concrete can be compacted so that no trace of the pipe 42 is generated.

It is a front view of the formwork apparatus based on this invention arrange | positioned in the mountain tunnel produced by excavation. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a formwork apparatus. It is the elements on larger scale of the pipe and vibrator in a formwork apparatus. It is an enlarged view of the pipe of the state raised to the concrete placement space. It is an enlarged view of the pipe of the state lowered | hung from the concrete placement space.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Mountain tunnel 12 Covering 14 Formwork apparatus 16 Tunnel wall surface 17 Concrete placement space 18 Formwork 42 Pipe 44 Vibrator

Claims (10)

Tunnel lining method,
A formwork for forming a concrete placement space between the wall surface of the tunnel and having a top, a formwork provided with a supply port for concrete placed in the concrete placement space; At least one pipe which is attached to the top of the formwork and is open upward to the inside and outside of the concrete placement space and can be moved up and down along the axis thereof, and attached to the formwork Installing in the tunnel a formwork device comprising at least one vibrator that is proximate to the pipe and that can be raised and lowered along its axis;
During or prior to placing concrete in the concrete placement space, raising the pipe until it abuts or approaches the tunnel wall;
Lowering the pipe after the concrete reaches the top of the tunnel wall;
A lining method comprising actuating the vibrator during lowering of the pipe.   The method of claim 1, further comprising lowering the vibrator while operating the vibrator during or after lowering of the pipe.   The lining method according to claim 2, wherein when the upper end of the pipe and the upper end of the vibrator reach the formwork, the descent is stopped. Tunnel lining method,
A formwork for forming a concrete placement space between the wall surface of the tunnel and having a top, a formwork provided with a supply port for concrete placed in the concrete placement space; A pipe attached upward to the top of the formwork and open to the inside and outside of the concrete placement space, the pipe including at least one pipe that can be raised and lowered along its axis and vibrated Installing a formwork device in the tunnel;
During or prior to placing concrete in the concrete placement space, raising the pipe until it abuts or approaches the tunnel wall;
After the concrete reaches the top of the tunnel wall surface, the method includes lowering the pipe while vibrating the pipe.   The lining method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the pipe is disposed in the vicinity of a supply port for the concrete.   The lining method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the pipe has a closed upper end and at least one hole formed in the vicinity of the upper end and communicating with the inside and the outside of the pipe. A formwork device used to form a tunnel lining,
A formwork for forming a concrete placement space between the wall surface of the tunnel and having a top, a formwork provided with a supply port for concrete placed in the concrete placement space;
At least one pipe that is attached upward to the top of the formwork and that opens to the inside and outside of the concrete placement space and is movable up and down along its axis;
A formwork apparatus comprising: a vibrator attached to the formwork and proximate to the pipe and capable of moving up and down along an axis thereof. A formwork device used to form a tunnel lining,
A formwork for forming a concrete placement space between the wall surface of the tunnel and having a top, a formwork provided with a supply port for concrete placed in the concrete placement space;
A pipe that is attached upward to the top of the formwork and opens to the inside and the outside of the concrete placement space, and includes at least one pipe that can be moved up and down along its axis and can vibrate Formwork device.   The formwork apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the pipe is disposed in the vicinity of a supply port for the concrete.   The formwork apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the pipe has a closed upper end and at least one hole formed in the vicinity of the upper end and communicating with the inside and the outside of the pipe.

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