JP7182176B2 - Tunnel lining method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel lining method for covering the inner wall of a tunnel with a lining plate.

A PCL (Precast Concrete Lining) construction method is implemented as a lining construction method using a precast concrete slab as a lining slab for the purpose of interior decoration, finishing, repair or reinforcement of a tunnel. This construction method was developed for the purpose of preventing water leakage from excavated and existing tunnels, improving lighting efficiency, and preventing peeling and spalling of shotcrete and existing linings. In addition, it can be used as a structural member for the purpose of reinforcement if the load conditions acting on the concrete slab are given, and it is mainly used for road tunnels, but it is also used for repairing and reinforcing waterway tunnels. .

In this construction method, conventionally, a waterproof sheet is installed on the inner surface of the existing tunnel, and after the concrete slab is erected, the backfilling material is injected between the concrete slab and the waterproof sheet through the injection hole provided in the concrete slab. was Therefore, in order to prevent the waterproof sheet from sagging and damage during construction and to improve workability, the waterproof sheet is temporarily fixed in advance to the outer peripheral surface of the concrete slab outside the tunnel, and then transported into the tunnel in sequence. A method is known in which the waterproof sheets of adjacent lining plates are welded together, and after the lining plates are joined together, a back-filling material is injected through an injection hole formed between the concrete slab and the waterproof sheet ( For example, see Patent Documents 1 to 4).

JP-A-5-340193 JP-A-7-247794 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-321450 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2017-2630

In the construction method described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and the like, side walls are constructed by casting in situ on both sides of the tunnel in advance, and both sides of the concrete slab are supported by metal fittings on the side walls. After building and hardening foot protection mortar between both sides and the side walls, backfilling material is injected between the concrete slab and the inner wall of the tunnel to integrate it.

In that case, in order to obtain waterproofness, it is necessary to weld the waterproof sheet placed on the side wall of the tunnel and the waterproof sheet temporarily fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the concrete slab.

In addition, metal fittings for positioning the concrete slab with respect to the side wall and foot protection mortar for supporting the side wall are separately required.

In addition, the backfilling material must be injected step by step within a normal injection height of 1.5 m in order to maintain the self-standing of the concrete slab.

In addition, since the formation of the side walls, the formation of the foot protection mortar, and the construction of the back-filling material are performed separately, there is a demand for further efficiency in construction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel lining method that improves construction efficiency while ensuring waterproofness.

According to the first aspect of the invention, at least one lining plate is supported in an arch shape on a frame, and a waterproof sheet is provided to extend from the top end of the lining plate to both legs so as to have surplus portions with respect to both legs. After the supporting step, the lining plate is arranged with the mounting frame so that the waterproof sheet side faces the inner wall of the tunnel with a gap from the inner wall, and the An arrangement step of extending the surplus portion of the waterproof sheet below both legs of the lining plate, opening a space containing the surplus portion of the waterproof sheet to both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel, and installing the formwork respectively. and, after the arranging step, a setting step of filling and hardening the space and the gap with a cement-based material while the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are supported by the mounting frame. The method.

According to the second aspect of the invention, in the consolidation step of the tunnel lining method according to the first aspect, in a state in which the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are supported by the pedestal, the both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel and the formwork are provided. After the space of the tunnel is filled with a cementitious material and solidified, the gap between the inner wall of the tunnel and the lining plate is filled with a cementitious material different from the cementitious material and solidified.

According to the invention of claim 3, in the consolidation step of the tunnel lining method of claim 1, with the lining plate and the waterproof sheet supported by the mounting frame, from the gap between the inner wall of the tunnel and the lining plate, The space between both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel communicating with the gap and the formwork is filled with the same cementitious material and solidified.

The invention according to claim 4 is the tunnel lining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the supporting step is performed outside the tunnel, and the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are transported into the tunnel together with the mounting frame. The arrangement step is performed by

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, in the supporting step of the tunnel lining method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a plurality of lining slabs are supported in an arch shape in a state in which they are axially adjacent to each other and joined to the pedestal. At the same time, the waterproof sheet is temporarily fixed from the top end portion to both leg portions of the plurality of lining plates.

According to the present invention, since the waterproof sheet does not have seams other than in the axial direction, waterproofness can be ensured, and the cement-based material is attached to both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel while the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are supported by the mounting frame. The space between the formwork and the gap between the inner wall of the tunnel and the lining plate are filled and solidified, so construction efficiency can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the 1st Embodiment of the tunnel lining method based on this invention to (a) thru|or (h). FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a tunnel that has been lined by the same tunnel lining method. FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are explanatory diagrams schematically showing part of a second embodiment of a tunnel lining method according to the present invention.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 2, 1 indicates a lined tunnel. Although the tunnel 1 is described as a road tunnel in this embodiment, it may be a waterway tunnel. Moreover, the lining method of the present embodiment is not limited to a method for repairing or reinforcing an existing tunnel, but can also be applied as a method for constructing a new tunnel.

The tunnel 1 comprises an arched inner wall 2 inside which side walls 3 are formed on both lateral sides of the tunnel 1 . In addition, a waterproof sheet 4 and a lining plate 5 are arranged inside the inner wall 2, and a back-filling portion 6 is formed between the lining plate 5 and the inner wall 2 so that the inner wall 2, the side wall 3, and the waterproof Sheet 4 and lining plate 5 are integrated.

The inner wall 2 is a wall surface of an existing tunnel in the case of repairing or reinforcing an existing tunnel, and a wall surface formed of cast-in-place concrete or the like in the case of a new tunnel construction.

Side wall 3 constitutes the lower half of tunnel 1 . The sidewall 3 is made of the same material as or different from that of the backfill portion 6 . In this embodiment, the sidewall 3 is made of a material different from that of the backfilling portion 6 .

The waterproof sheet 4 prevents water from leaking into the tunnel 1 . The waterproof sheet 4 liquid-tightly covers the entire outer surface 5a side of the lining plate 5 from the top end 5b to the legs 5c, 5c, and also liquid-tightly covers the space between the inner wall 2 and the side wall 3. . The waterproof sheet 4 is arranged so as to guide moisture to a drainage material 8 formed inside the side wall 3 or the like.

A precast concrete plate (PCL plate) is preferably used as the lining plate 5 . The lining plate 5 is formed in an arch shape along the portion of the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 above the side wall 3 , that is, along the upper half portion of the tunnel 1 . Both legs 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5 are supported on the upper portions of the side walls 3,3. The lining plate 5 is formed to have a predetermined length in the tunnel axial direction. In the present embodiment, the lining plate 5 is divided into a plurality of halves, for example, left and right arcuate halves, which are combined and joined together to form an arch shape. In addition, the lining plates 5 are sequentially joined in the axial direction of the tunnel and arranged so as to cover the entire inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 in the axial direction of the tunnel. A backfilling portion 6 is formed by filling a gap between the lining plate 5 and the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1.例文帳に追加

Next, a method for lining the tunnel 1 according to the present invention will be described.

The lining method of the present embodiment generally includes a supporting step of temporarily fixing the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 to the self-propelled assembly stand 10 which is a stand, and a lining plate in which the waterproof sheet 4 is arranged. 5 together with a self-propelled assembly frame 10 in the tunnel 1; and a consolidation step for integrating with the sheet 4 . Preferably, the supporting step is performed outside the tunnel 1, and the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 are transported into the tunnel 1 together with the self-propelled assembly frame 10 to perform the arranging step.

First, in the supporting process, outside the tunnel 1, as shown in FIG. The waterproof sheet 4 is temporarily fixed (temporary assembly process). The self-propelled assembly frame 10 has the function of a protector that covers the construction area and allows vehicles to pass under it, making it possible to carry out live line construction work (construction work to be carried out in parallel while allowing vehicles to pass through). It is something to do. At least one lining plate 5 may be temporarily assembled to the self-propelled assembly stand 10, but in the present embodiment, a plurality of, for example, three lining plates 5 are temporarily assembled to the self-propelled assembly stand 10 as a unit. While assembling, these lining plates 5 are connected to each other by connecting members or the like, or a plurality of pre-connected lining plates 5 are temporarily assembled to the self-propelled assembly stand 10 . This work is preferably performed inside a building such as a soundproof house installed in a temporary assembly yard outside the tunnel 1 before lining, and by working with an overhead crane or the like installed on the ceiling of the building. Make it less susceptible to weather. In addition, by using the self-propelled assembly stand 10 that has a reversing function, the self-propelled assembly stand 10 performs the reversing work that is performed during temporary assembly of the lining plate 5, making it possible to perform construction even indoors with a low lifting height. become. As a method for temporarily fixing the waterproof sheet 4 to the self-propelled assembly frame 10, for example, both ends of the waterproof sheet 4 are fixed to the self-propelled assembly frame 10 by a fixing body such as a wire. Further, at the center top end of the self-propelled assembly stand 10, the center line for spreading the waterproof sheet 4 is temporarily fixed by a temporary fixing device (not shown). The waterproof sheet 4 is, for example, pre-rolled from both ends toward the center, and stretched from the top end 5b of the lining plate 5 to both sides along the outer surface 5a side of the lining plate 5. It can be easily placed by hanging. Moreover, the waterproof sheet 4 is arranged in a state in which both ends thereof have surplus portions 4a, 4a with respect to the leg portions 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5. - 特許庁The surplus portions 4a, 4a of the waterproof sheet 4 are temporarily fixed to the positions of both leg portions 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5, or the like. At this time, it is preferable that the surplus portions 4a, 4a are in a rolled state, for example.

Next, in the placement step, as shown in FIGS. 1(b) and 1(c), the self-propelled assembly frame 10 is conveyed into the tunnel 1 together with the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4, and the existing lining is installed. A predetermined distance, for example, a gap G1 of about 50 cm is provided from the edge of the plate 51, and the self-propelled assembly frame 10 is fixed (conveying step). In this state, the outer surface 5a of the lining plate 5 on which the waterproof sheet 4 is arranged faces the inner wall 2, and an arch-shaped gap G2 is formed between the outer surface 5a and the inner wall 2. As shown in FIG.

Furthermore, in the arrangement step, the surplus portions 4a, 4a of the waterproof sheet 4 temporarily fixed to the positions of the legs 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5 are extended below the legs 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5, as shown in FIG. As indicated by the chain double-dashed line in c), the ends of the waterproof sheet 4 are welded to the ends of the existing waterproof sheet 41 (welding step). At this time, the waterproof sheet 4 is welded at the position of the gap G1 between the existing lining 51 and the lining 5 to be installed.

Subsequently, in the placement step, as shown in FIG. 1(d), the end of the welded waterproof sheet 4 is wrapped around the entrance of the tunnel 1, ie, the portal side, and pushed into the gap G2 between the lining plate 5 and the inner wall 2. Then, the lining plate 5 is slid toward the existing lining plate 51 by using the sliding function of the self-propelled assembly frame 10 so as to eliminate the gap G1 (sliding step). It is preferable to cure the waterproof sheet 4 so that the waterproof sheet 4 is not damaged when the lining plate 5 is slid. As this curing, for example, in the waterproof sheet 4, a curing member such as a cloth net or an air sheet may be placed on the surface facing the outer surface 5a of the lining plate 5. The curing member may be arranged not only on the surface facing the lining plate 5 of the waterproof sheet 4 but also on the surface facing the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 . The slid lining plate 5 is adjusted in the extension direction, the vertical direction, and the horizontal direction using a jack or the like provided on the self-propelled assembly frame 10, and then bolts or the like are attached to the existing lining plate 51. (connection step).

Furthermore, in the placement step, as shown in FIG. A space G3 that communicates with the gap G2 is opened in each part and installed (formwork installation step). That is, the space G3 includes the surplus portions 4a, 4a of the waterproof sheet 4 extending downward from the legs 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5, and the drainage material 8 arranged inside the tunnel 1.

Then, in the consolidation process, the self-propelled assembly frame 10 is used as it is as a shoring, and first, concrete 12, which is a cement-based material, is poured into the space G3 to consolidate, as shown in FIG. 1(f). , to form side walls 3 (side wall forming step). The molds 11, 11 are appropriately demolded after the sidewalls 3 develop strength (formwork demolding step). In the consolidation step, as shown in FIGS. 1(g) and 1(h), a gable formwork 13 is installed in the gap G2 at the gable portion of the lining slab 5 on the side of the wellhead (gable type frame 13). frame setting process). The gable formwork 13 closes the gable side of the gap G2 between the lining plate 5 and the inner wall 2. - 特許庁An air tube is preferably used as the end frame 13 . After the side wall 3 develops strength, a backfilling material 15, which is a cement-based material such as mortar, is inserted from the gable side of the lining slab 5 on the side of the tunnel through the injection hole 13a formed in the gable formwork 13. By filling and solidifying G2, the backfilling portion 6 is formed, and the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1, the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 are integrated (filling step). As the back-filling material 15, it is preferable to use a material having a quick-setting property than the conventional back-filling material.

After the backfilling material 15 is solidified, the end formwork 13 is removed, and the self-propelled assembly frame 10 is lowered from the lining plate 5 to release the self-propelled assembly frame 10 from the lining plate 5. , out of the tunnel 1 (demolding step).

1(a) to 1(h) are sequentially repeated to cover the entire inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 with the lining plate 5. Next, as shown in FIG.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the waterproof sheet 4 is continuous from the back-filling portion 6 to the side wall 3, the waterproof sheet 4 does not have joints other than in the axial direction, and waterproofness can be secured, and the side wall can be 3, and the concrete 12 and the backfill material 15 are installed in the tunnel 1 while the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 are supported by the self-propelled assembly frame 10. Since the space G3 between both sides of the inner wall 2 and the formwork 11 and the gap G2 between the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 and the lining plate 5 are filled and solidified, construction efficiency can be improved.

The support process is performed outside the tunnel 1, where the work environment is better than the inside of the tunnel 1, and the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 are transported to the inside of the tunnel 1 together with the self-propelled assembly frame 10 for the placement process. workability is good.

By forming the side wall 3 and the back-filling portion 6 from different cement-based materials, a cement-based material suitable for the side wall 3 supporting the lining plate 5 and a cement-based material suitable for the back-filling portion 6 are selected. can be used as

In the supporting step, a plurality of lining plates 5 are axially adjacent to each other and joined to the self-propelled assembly frame 10 and supported in an arch shape, and the top end portion 5b to both leg portions 5c of the plurality of lining plates 5 are supported. , 5c to temporarily fix the waterproof sheet 4 and transport the lining 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 together with the self-propelled assembly frame 10 into the tunnel 1, so that a consolidation process is performed for each lining 5. Construction efficiency is better than doing. In particular, in the present embodiment, since a plurality of lining plates 5 are connected in advance outside the tunnel 1 and conveyed inside the tunnel 1, compared to the case where the lining plates 5 are sequentially connected inside the tunnel 1, and good workability.

Since the waterproof sheet 4 can be placed on the lining plate 5 for construction, the waterproof sheet 4 is less likely to sag or tear during construction compared to the case where the waterproof sheet 4 is fixed to the inner wall 2 and the lining plate 5 is erected. The backfilling material 15 is filled in the gap G2 between the lining plate 5 and the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 from the gable side of the lining plate 5, so that the waterproof sheet 4 is backfilled. There is no need to form an injection hole for the material 15, and waterproofness can be ensured.

Since the lining slab 5 is supported by the self-propelled assembly frame 10 and the backfilling material 15 is injected, the backfilling material 15 does not need to be injected in stages, resulting in good workability.

In addition, since the construction of the waterproof sheet 4, the construction of the lining plate 5, the injection of the concrete 12, and the injection of the back-filling material 15 are simultaneously (integrally) constructed using the self-propelled assembly frame 10 as shoring, a series of operations is required. can be completed for each unit of the lining slab 5, protectors other than the section under work are not required, and the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be reduced.

Since the side wall 3 supports the legs 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5 and also serves to adjust the position of the existing lining and the lining plate 5, the legs 5c, 5c of the lining plate 5 are supported for adjustment. This eliminates the need for members and improves construction efficiency.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as those of the above-described first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the lining method of the second embodiment, the backfilling portion 6 and the side wall 3 are integrally formed from the same cement-based material in the same step in the consolidation step.

That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the backfilling material 15 is filled from the gable side of the lining slab 5 on the wellhead side over the gap G2 and the space G3 and solidified, thereby forming the backfilling portion 6 and the The side wall 3 is formed at the same time, and the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1, the lining plate 5 and the waterproof sheet 4 are integrated (filling step).

After the backfilling material 15 is solidified, the end formwork 13 and the formwork forms 11, 11 are demolded, and the self-propelled assembly frame 10 is lowered with respect to the lining plate 5 and self-propelled from the lining plate 5. The assembly platform 10 is released and carried out of the tunnel 1 (demolding step).

In this way, the space G3 between both sides of the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 and the formwork 11 and the inner wall 2 of the tunnel 1 and the lining plate 4 are supported by the self-propelled assembly frame 10. Since the same back-filling material 15 is filled across the gap G2 with the plate 5 and the side wall 3 and the back-filling portion 6 are integrally fixed, construction is easier than when these are separately constructed. Efficiency can be further improved, and work at the same construction site can be completed in, for example, one day.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the plurality of lining plates 5 are preliminarily connected outside the tunnel 1 and sequentially conveyed inside the tunnel 1. It may be transported inside.

Further, the back-filling material 15 is not limited to being injected from the gable side of the lining plate 5, and may be injected from an injection hole formed in the lining plate 5.

1 tunnel 2 inner wall 4 waterproof sheet
4a Surplus part 5 Lining plate
5b Top end
5c legs
10 Self-propelled assembly stand as a stand
11 Formwork
12 Concrete, a cementitious material
15 Back-filling material that is a cement-based material
G2 Gap
G3 space

Claims (5)

A supporting step of supporting at least one lining plate in an arch shape on a frame, and temporarily fixing a waterproof sheet from the top end of the lining plate to both legs while having a surplus portion with respect to both legs. When,
After the supporting step, the lining plate is arranged by the mounting frame so that the waterproof sheet side faces the inner wall of the tunnel with a gap from the inner wall, and the lining plate is placed below both legs of the lining plate. an arrangement step of extending the surplus portion of the waterproof sheet and opening a space including the surplus portion of the waterproof sheet with respect to both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel and installing the formwork respectively;
After the arranging step, a hardening step of filling and hardening the space and the gap with a cementitious material while the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are supported by the mount. lining method. In the consolidation step, with the lining plate and the waterproof sheet supported by the mount, the space between the both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel and the formwork is filled with a cement-based material and solidified, and then the inner wall of the tunnel 2. The tunnel lining method according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the tunnel and the lining plate is filled with a cementitious material different from the cementitious material and solidified. In the consolidation step, from the gap between the inner wall of the tunnel and the lining plate while the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are supported by the mount, between both sides of the inner wall of the tunnel communicating with the gap and the formwork 2. The tunnel lining method according to claim 1, wherein the same cementitious material is filled and consolidated throughout the space. 4. The tunnel lining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the supporting step is performed outside the tunnel, and the lining plate and the waterproof sheet are transported inside the tunnel together with the mount to perform the arranging step. . In the supporting step, a plurality of lining plates are axially adjacent to each other and jointed to each other and supported in an arch shape, and a waterproof sheet is temporarily fixed from the top end portion to both leg portions of the plurality of lining plates. The tunnel lining method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:

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