JP4814875B2 - invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 - Google Patents
invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4814875B2 JP4814875B2 JP2007512085A JP2007512085A JP4814875B2 JP 4814875 B2 JP4814875 B2 JP 4814875B2 JP 2007512085 A JP2007512085 A JP 2007512085A JP 2007512085 A JP2007512085 A JP 2007512085A JP 4814875 B2 JP4814875 B2 JP 4814875B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- cell
- gene
- cardiomyocytes
- phenotype
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 238000007876 drug discovery Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 473
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 176
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 140
- 210000004413 cardiac myocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 137
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 120
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 210000002242 embryoid body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 50
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 claims description 39
- 101800001288 Atrial natriuretic factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 206010007572 Cardiac hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 33
- 208000006029 Cardiomegaly Diseases 0.000 claims description 32
- 208000031229 Cardiomyopathies Diseases 0.000 claims description 31
- 101800004490 Endothelin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 31
- RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N puromycin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C3=NC=NC(=C3N=C2)N(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 102400000686 Endothelin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960001802 phenylephrine Drugs 0.000 claims description 28
- SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N phenylephrine Chemical group CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001969 hypertrophic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229950010131 puromycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000002064 heart cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001746 atrial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 101800000733 Angiotensin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229950006323 angiotensin ii Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 108700008625 Reporter Genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002894 multi-fate stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010059929 phospholamban Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000005681 phospholamban Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001908 sarcoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010051583 Ventricular Myosins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010048367 enhanced green fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000005003 heart tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000533 adrenergic alpha-1 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004457 myocytus nodalis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003505 Myosin Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108060008487 Myosin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100026925 Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000003923 Protein Kinase C Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000315 Protein Kinase C Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000012740 beta Adrenergic Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010079452 beta Adrenergic Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- UUUHXMGGBIUAPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[1-[2-[[5-amino-2-[[1-[5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-[[1-[3-(1h-indol-3-yl)-2-[(5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbon Chemical compound C1CCC(C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(O)=O)N1C(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C1CCCN1C(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C1CCCN1C(=O)C(CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1 UUUHXMGGBIUAPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000008873 Angiotensin II receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108050000824 Angiotensin II receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000012422 Collagen Type I Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010022452 Collagen Type I Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100033902 Endothelin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010027992 HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000018932 HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108020001621 Natriuretic Peptide Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010065781 myosin light chain 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000005862 Angiotensin II Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N Ile(5)-angiotensin II Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C([O-])=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])NC(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CC([O-])=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 102100026057 Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 101710098224 Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000050381 Na+/H+ exchanger Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108091006672 Sodium–hydrogen antiporter Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 41
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 56
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 44
- 102400001282 Atrial natriuretic peptide Human genes 0.000 description 33
- 101800001890 Atrial natriuretic peptide Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 33
- NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N carperitide Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 26
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 25
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 25
- 102000004631 Calcineurin Human genes 0.000 description 24
- 108010042955 Calcineurin Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 102400000667 Brain natriuretic peptide 32 Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 101800000407 Brain natriuretic peptide 32 Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 101800002247 Brain natriuretic peptide 45 Proteins 0.000 description 22
- HPNRHPKXQZSDFX-OAQDCNSJSA-N nesiritide Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 HPNRHPKXQZSDFX-OAQDCNSJSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 19
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 18
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 13
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 11
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- CUKWUWBLQQDQAC-VEQWQPCFSA-N (3s)-3-amino-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s,3s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(1s)-1-carboxyethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-ox Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CUKWUWBLQQDQAC-VEQWQPCFSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102400000345 Angiotensin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 108090000862 Ion Channels Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 9
- 108010017842 Telomerase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000036982 action potential Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000423 cell based assay Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000037020 contractile activity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 102400000967 Bradykinin Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101800004538 Bradykinin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N H-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-OH Natural products NC(N)=NCCCC(N)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N1C(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O)CCC1 QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000004058 Leukemia inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000581 Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 7
- QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-FDISYFBBSA-N bradykinin Chemical compound NC(=N)NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)CCC1 QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-FDISYFBBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 206010056370 Congestive cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 101100447432 Danio rerio gapdh-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 201000010046 Dilated cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101150112014 Gapdh gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 206010020871 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 6
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000001612 chondrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002363 skeletal muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011820 transgenic animal model Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102000000584 Calmodulin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010041952 Calmodulin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000003974 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000379 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010067902 Peptide Library Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010002906 aortic stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003716 mesoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 myotoxins Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 210000002237 B-cell of pancreatic islet Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 108010053099 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003293 cardioprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 108091006047 fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000034287 fluorescent proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 210000001654 germ layer Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004217 heart function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013537 high throughput screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000000963 osteoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001289 prazosin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000329 smooth muscle myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000003556 vascular endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000105975 Antidesma platyphyllum Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010051609 Cardiac Myosins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000013602 Cardiac Myosins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010008479 Chest Pain Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000002585 Contractile Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010068426 Contractile Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229930105110 Cyclosporin A Natural products 0.000 description 2
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000030168 Endothelin A Receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010090549 Endothelin A Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000053171 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710193519 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000944277 Homo sapiens Inward rectifier potassium channel 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100033114 Inward rectifier potassium channel 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000543 Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004086 Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000021642 Muscular disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000009525 Myocarditis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000009623 Myopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010084498 Myosin Heavy Chains Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005604 Myosin Heavy Chains Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010088225 Nestin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150114527 Nkx2-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010033557 Palpitations Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000007074 Phospholipase C beta Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010047834 Phospholipase C beta Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100027584 Protein c-Fos Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000011530 RNeasy Mini Kit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010240 RT-PCR analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005937 Tropomyosin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010030743 Tropomyosin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004987 Troponin T Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001108 Troponin T Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000035896 Twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000016549 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101100460507 Xenopus laevis nkx-2.5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001789 adipocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000674 adrenergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004504 adult stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000246 agarose gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002459 blastocyst Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010804 cDNA synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008148 cardioplegic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003205 diastolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003981 ectoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002900 effect on cell Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007831 electrophysiology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002001 electrophysiology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002308 embryonic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001900 endoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004039 endoderm cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ent-staurosporine Natural products C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1CC(NC)C(OC)C4(C)O1 HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003209 gene knockout Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005017 genetic modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013617 genetically modified food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005046 glial fibrillary acidic protein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009424 haa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000442 hair follicle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009067 heart development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000099 in vitro assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012092 media component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000031864 metaphase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nifedipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001597 nifedipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000287 oocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002823 phage display Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001778 pluripotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008488 polyadenylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000022532 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000844 retinal pigment epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001177 retroviral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102220024946 rs199473376 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-FYTWVXJKSA-N staurosporine Chemical compound C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1[C@H]1C[C@@H](NC)[C@@H](OC)[C@]4(C)O1 HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-FYTWVXJKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGPUWJWCVCFERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N staurosporine Natural products C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1CC(NC)C(OC)C4(OC)O1 CGPUWJWCVCFERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010042772 syncope Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002381 testicular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000041 toxicology testing Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002689 xenotransplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIGQNXIGRZPYDK-WKSCXVIASA-N (2R)-6-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1,5-dihydroxy-5-iminopentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=N[C@@H](CS)C(=N[C@@H](C)C(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=NCC(=N[C@@H](CCC(=N)O)C(=NC(CS)C(=N[C@H]([C@H](C)O)C(=N[C@H](CS)C(=N[C@H](CO)C(=NCC(=N[C@H](CS)C(=NCC(=N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N=C([C@H](CS)N=C([C@H](CO)N=C([C@H](CO)N=C([C@H](C)N=C(CN=C([C@H](CO)N=C([C@H](CS)N=C(CN=C(C(CS)N=C(C(CC(=O)O)N=C(CN)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O DIGQNXIGRZPYDK-WKSCXVIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPDDTAJMJCESGV-CTUHWIOQSA-M (3r,5r)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[methyl-[(1r)-1-phenylethyl]carbamoyl]-4-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C)N(C)C(=O)C2=NN(C(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C2C(C)C)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 MPDDTAJMJCESGV-CTUHWIOQSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SGKRLCUYIXIAHR-AKNGSSGZSA-N (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,6r,12ar)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@](C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@H]3N(C)C)(O)C3=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O SGKRLCUYIXIAHR-AKNGSSGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710175516 14 kDa zinc-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEVYNIUIFUYDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2N=CN=C(NC=3C=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=3)C=2)=C1 WEVYNIUIFUYDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZGACDUOSZQKY-LBPRGKRZSA-N 4-aminofolic acid Chemical compound C1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 TVZGACDUOSZQKY-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 5-bromodeoxyuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010016702 7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006112 ATPases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010825 Actinin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063503 Actinin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000057290 Adenosine Triphosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000242764 Aequorea victoria Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100023635 Alpha-fetoprotein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710083889 Alpha-fetoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001049 Amyloid Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010094108 Amyloid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010002383 Angina Pectoris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010002915 Aortic valve incompetence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003130 Arrhythmia supraventricular Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BHELIUBJHYAEDK-OAIUPTLZSA-N Aspoxicillin Chemical compound C1([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(=O)NC)=CC=C(O)C=C1 BHELIUBJHYAEDK-OAIUPTLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010030109 BQ 788 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006017 Cardiac Tamponade Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000994 Catalytic RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000700198 Cavia Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710163595 Chaperone protein DnaK Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710098112 Chaperonin GroEL 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091060290 Chromatid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000029816 Collagenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060005980 Collagenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002330 Congenital Heart Defects Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004420 Creatine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010042126 Creatine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000036364 Cullin Ring E3 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000002237 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000080 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010015742 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003849 Cytochrome P450 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000018 DNA microarray Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006820 DNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004163 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000626 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000953562 Dendroaspis angusticeps Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor homolog calcicludine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000723297 Dendroaspis polylepis polylepis Calciseptin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030453 Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013971 Dyspnoea exertional Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091005942 ECFP Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012286 ELISA Assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JNEQICEOSA-N Ecdysone Natural products O=C1[C@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3C([C@@]4(O)[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O)CCC(O)(C)C)C)CC4)CC3)=C1)C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JNEQICEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002045 Endothelin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050009340 Endothelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epihygromycin Natural products OC1C(O)C(C(=O)C)OC1OC(C(=C1)O)=CC=C1C=C(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C2OCOC2C1O YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100037362 Fibronectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067306 Fibronectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010064571 Gene mutation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034826 Genetic Predisposition to Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700039691 Genetic Promoter Regions Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016354 Glucuronosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010092364 Glucuronosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005720 Glutathione transferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070675 Glutathione transferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012981 Hank's balanced salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710178376 Heat shock 70 kDa protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710152018 Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010004889 Heat-Shock Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002812 Heat-Shock Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000028782 Hereditary disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101001023784 Heteractis crispa GFP-like non-fluorescent chromoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000006148 High Cardiac Output Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100456626 Homo sapiens MEF2A gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001000104 Homo sapiens Myosin-11 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001116302 Homo sapiens Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000903318 Homo sapiens Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001050288 Homo sapiens Transcription factor Jun Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010020565 Hyperaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010031794 IGF Type 1 Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039688 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037852 Insulin-like growth factor I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009983 Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009855 Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010048858 Ischaemic cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150026829 JUNB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150068759 KCNJ2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182816 L-glutamine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 102000003855 L-lactate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700023483 L-lactate dehydrogenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710128836 Large T antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012097 Lipofectamine 2000 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108700041567 MDR Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282560 Macaca mulatta Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100025532 Male-enhanced antigen 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000002274 Matrix Metalloproteinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000684 Matrix Metalloproteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024556 Mendelian disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000003792 Metallothionein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000157 Metallothionein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100444898 Mus musculus Egr1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001037757 Mus musculus Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100079042 Mus musculus Myef2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100519292 Mus musculus Pdx1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100313320 Mus musculus Tert gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038895 Myc proto-oncogene protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710135898 Myc proto-oncogene protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000021908 Myocardial disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100021148 Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000016349 Myosin Light Chains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067385 Myosin Light Chains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710109784 Myosin regulatory light chain 12B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710092698 Myosin regulatory light chain 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710112127 Myosin regulatory light chain 2, skeletal muscle isoform Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710105127 Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036639 Myosin-11 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010057466 NF-kappa B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003945 NF-kappa B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000008730 Nestin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000636 Northern blotting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020004711 Nucleic Acid Probes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270936 Pelophylax esculentus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010034487 Pericarditis constrictive Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000045595 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700019535 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024616 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940123924 Protein kinase C inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010071563 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012228 RNA interference-mediated gene silencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010038748 Restrictive cardiomyopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007355 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010032750 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000242583 Scyphozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010040925 Skin striae Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108091081024 Start codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022760 Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710172711 Structural protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000150 Sympathomimetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010071436 Systolic dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010043275 Teratogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010043276 Teratoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023132 Transcription factor Jun Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710150448 Transcriptional regulator Myc Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010052779 Transplant rejections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000009298 Trigla lyra Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004903 Troponin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001027 Troponin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013394 Troponin I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065729 Troponin I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036859 Troponin I, cardiac muscle Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710128251 Troponin I, cardiac muscle Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710164125 Tubulin alpha-1 chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033177 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010047281 Ventricular arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710185494 Zinc finger protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023597 Zinc finger protein 816 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008649 adaptation response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004115 adherent culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000048 adrenergic agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126157 adrenergic receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000677 aggregate cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPEZCKBFRMILAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Ecdysone Natural products C1C(O)C(O)CC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C(O)CCC(C)(C)O)C)CCC33O)C)C3=CC(=O)C21 UPEZCKBFRMILAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940126574 aminoglycoside antibiotic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002647 aminoglycoside antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003896 aminopterin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004102 animal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003288 anthiarrhythmic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003416 antiarrhythmic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000002064 aortic valve insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003143 atherosclerotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001908 autoinhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000227 basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- QZVNQOLPLYWLHQ-ZEQKJWHPSA-N benidipine Chemical compound C1([C@H]2C(=C(C)NC(C)=C2C(=O)OC)C(=O)O[C@H]2CN(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)CCC2)=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 QZVNQOLPLYWLHQ-ZEQKJWHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004916 benidipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000016967 beta-1 Adrenergic Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014494 beta-1 Adrenergic Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-L-thymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000941 bile Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000013 bile duct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002449 bone cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002798 bone marrow cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000480 calcium channel blocker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004094 calcium homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028956 calcium-mediated signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007555 cardiovascular defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004756 chromatid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013611 chromosomal DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002424 collagenase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003636 conditioned culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000000839 constrictive pericarditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010082025 cyan fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004489 deciduous teeth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005548 dental material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004268 dentin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000030609 dephosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006209 dephosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N diltiazem Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)N(CCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004166 diltiazem Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005064 dopaminergic neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960003722 doxycycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JMZLNJERSA-N ecdysone Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@]3([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O)CCC(C)(C)O)C)CC[C@]33O)C)C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]21 UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JMZLNJERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001705 ectoderm cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001819 effect on gene Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001516 effect on protein Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001094 effect on targets Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002253 embryonic cardiomyocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000351 embryotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001779 embryotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUBDGKVDJUIMQQ-UBFCDGJISA-N endothelin-1 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CSSC1)C1=CNC=N1 ZUBDGKVDJUIMQQ-UBFCDGJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003328 fibroblastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003352 fibrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010021843 fluorescent protein 583 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005714 functional activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFHXZQPUBCBNIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fura-2 Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=3OC(=CC=3C=2)C=2OC(=CN=2)C(O)=O)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)=C1 YFHXZQPUBCBNIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000609 ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003976 gap junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015345 genetic hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002518 gentamicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035474 group of disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011553 hamster model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005831 heart abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010247 heart contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037183 heart physiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012203 high throughput assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003054 hormonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001822 immobilized cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000984 immunochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012760 immunocytochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002055 immunohistochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001861 immunosuppressant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007901 in situ hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004041 inotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124975 inotropic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004692 intercellular junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035990 intercellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001317 isoprenaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940039009 isoproterenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010046018 leukocyte inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001638 lipofection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005228 liver tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001515942 marmosets Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150014102 mef-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003821 menstrual periods Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001704 mesoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003226 mitogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004115 mitral valve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000005907 mitral valve insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003990 molecular pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004264 monolayer culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000299 mutagenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007886 mutagenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000031225 myocardial ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000107 myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010059725 myosin-binding protein C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001885 myotomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001452 natriuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005055 nestin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004766 neurogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009871 nonspecific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007899 nucleic acid hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002853 nucleic acid probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002515 oligonucleotide synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001991 pathophysiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000816 peptidomimetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029308 periodic paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002824 peroxisome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008014 pharmaceutical binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010027388 phenol 2-monooxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008298 phosphoramidates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008560 physiological behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013600 plasmid vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011533 pre-incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001271 preclinical toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000856 protein c Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003881 protein kinase C inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001814 protein method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000541 pulsatile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010045647 puromycin N-acetyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010054624 red fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000001567 regular cardiac muscle cell of ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002336 repolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004994 reproductive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003660 reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003935 rough endoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002235 sarcomere Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007423 screening assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004017 serum-free culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004927 skin cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N spironolactone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CCC(=O)C=C4C[C@H]([C@@H]13)SC(=O)C)C[C@@]21CCC(=O)O1 LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012289 standard assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036262 stenosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037804 stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003699 striated muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001975 sympathomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940064707 sympathomimetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037905 systemic hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001608 teratocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000378 teratogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000211 teratogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002723 toxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012085 transcriptional profiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003151 transfection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012096 transfection reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009495 transient activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032895 transmembrane transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004926 tubular epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000588 tumorigenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000381 tumorigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012036 ultra high throughput screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004509 vascular smooth muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009724 venous congestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000605 viral structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011706 wistar kyoto rat Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091005957 yellow fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5014—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing toxicity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0652—Cells of skeletal and connective tissues; Mesenchyme
- C12N5/0657—Cardiomyocytes; Heart cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/025—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5023—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on expression patterns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5026—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on cell morphology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5061—Muscle cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5073—Stem cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2503/00—Use of cells in diagnostics
- C12N2503/02—Drug screening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/02—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from embryonic cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/008—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription cell type or tissue specific enhancer/promoter combination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/136—Screening for pharmacological compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/142—Toxicological screening, e.g. expression profiles which identify toxicity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
Description
心疾患は、西側世界で最も深刻な保健上の関心事の一つである。6100万人のアメリカ人(ほぼ5人の男性及び女性に1人)に一種以上の心臓血管疾患があると推定されている(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994, Center of Disease Control and the American Heart Association)。広範な状況には、冠状動脈性心疾患(1240万人)、先天性の心臓血管の欠陥(100万人)、及びうっ血性心不全(470万人)がある。再生医療における研究の中心的な課題の一つは、これらの状況で心機能を再構築する助けとなることのできる薬物を同定及び開発することである。
本発明は、ある疾患の改善又は治療のための薬物を同定する及び/又は得るための方法、あるいは、ある化合物の毒性を判定するための方法に関し、当該方法は、in vitro分化細胞を含む検査試料を、スクリーニング対象の検査物質と接触させるステップであって、前記細胞が、ある罹患細胞、組織又は器官の表現型に実質的に相当する所定の罹患表現型を示すように誘導される、ステップと;前記検査試料の表現型の応答性変化を判定するステップであって、前記罹患表現型の発現又は進行を妨げる又は遅らせる応答性変化は、有用な薬物の指標であり、そして罹患表現型の発現又は進行を亢進する応答性変化は、前記化合物の毒性の指標である、ステップとを含む。
本発明の他の実施態様は、以下の解説から明白となるであろう。
本明細書において、用語「幹細胞」とは、それぞれ例えば胚性幹(ES)及び生殖(EG)細胞など、しかし成体幹細胞も含む幹細胞又は生殖細胞のいずれかであると言うことができる。最低限では、幹細胞は、増殖して2種以上の異なる表現型の細胞を形成する能力を有すると共に、同じ培養株の一部として又は異なる条件で培養されたときのいずれでも、自己更新することもできるものである。胚性幹細胞はまた、典型的には、テロメラーゼ陽性及びOCT-4陽性である。テロメラーゼ活性は、TRAP活性検定(Kim et al., Science 266 (1997), 2011)を用い、市販のキット(TRAPeze(R)XKテロメラーゼ検出キット、カタログ番号s7707;ニューヨーク州パーチェース、Intergen社;又はTeloTAGGG(TM)テロメラーゼ PCR ELISAplus、カタログ番号2,013,89;インディアナポリス州、 Roche Diagnostics社)を用いて、判定することができる。hTERT 発現を、RT-PCRによりmRNAレベルで評価することができる。LightCycler TeloTAGGG(TM) hTERT 定量キット(カタログ番号3,012,344; Roche Diagnostics社)は研究を目的として市販のものを入手できる。
本発明の実施において有用な一般的技術の更なる詳細については、医業医は、細胞生物学、組織培養、胎生額、及び心臓生理学の標準的な教本及びレビューを参照することができる。
本発明は、ある疾患の改善又は治療のための薬物を同定する及び/又は得るための、又は、ある化合物の毒性を判定するための、方法に関し、当該方法は、(a)in vitro分化細胞を含む検査試料を、スクリーニング対象の検査物質と接触させるステップであって、前記細胞が、ある罹患細胞、組織又は器官の表現型に実質的に相当する所定の罹患表現型を示すように誘導される、ステップと;(b)前記検査試料の表現型の応答性変化を判定するステップであって、(i)罹患表現型の発現又は進行を妨げる又は遅らせる応答性変化は、有用な薬物の指標であり、そして(ii)罹患表現型の発現又は進行を亢進する応答性変化は、前記化合物の毒性の指標である、ステップとを含む。
本発明は、いずれの脊椎動物種の幹細胞を用いても実施することができる。ヒト由来の幹細胞や、非ヒト霊長類、家畜家禽、家畜、及び他の非ヒト哺乳動物が含まれる。本発明での使用に適した幹細胞の中には、例えば胚盤胞など、妊娠後に形成される組織を由来とする霊長類多分化能幹細胞、又は、妊娠後のいずれかの時点で採取される胎児又は胚組織がある。非限定的な例は、胚性幹細胞の初代培養株又は樹立株である。更に本発明は成体幹細胞にも応用することができる。これらの細胞の抽出及び培養が解説されたAnderson et al., Nat. Med. 7 (2001), 393-395; Gage, Science 287 (2000), 433-438, and Prockop, Science 276 (1997), 71-74の文献に言及されている。
(1)拡張型心筋症、心臓の肥大と、一方又は両方の心室の収縮機能不全を特徴とする症候群;
(2)肥大型心筋症、ここでは(a)心室壁又は心室間中隔のいずれかの厚さの全体的又は局部的増加、又は(b)例えば遺伝性疾患、高血圧、又は心臓弁機能不全などで起き得る、心室壁又は心室間中核のいずれかの厚さの全体的又は局部的増加の易罹患性上昇、と定義しておく;あるいは
(3)限定的及び浸潤性心筋症、主たる臨床上の特徴が、通常、心臓の弛緩能障害(弛緩機能不全)であり、しばしば、アミロイド線維、鉄、又は糖脂質などの外来物質の心筋浸潤を特徴とする一群の疾患;更にWynne and Braunwald, The cardiomyopathies and myocarditides, Braunwald et al., eds., Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 15th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill (2001), 1359-1365も参照されたい。
(i)Na+チャネル;
(ii)Ca2+/K+チャネル;
(iii)K+チャネル;
(iv)振幅及び/又は外界電位の期間(FDP),
(v)心臓細胞の周期変動及びニューロン細胞のバースト期間;
(vi)不整脈、EAD様現象;
(vii)pH値;
(viii)酸素分圧(pO2);
(ix)拍動停止;及び
(x)心房心室分離収縮、NO効果及び/形態上の変化の分析。
(a)上に定義した通りのin vitro分化心筋細胞を含む検査試料を、検査物質に、罹患細胞、組織又は器官の表現型に実質的に相当する所定の罹患表現型を示すように前記細胞を誘導する前、誘導中、又は後に、接触させるステップと;
(b)ステップ(a)の心筋細胞中の心筋症パラメータを測定するステップと;
(c)ステップ(b)で得られた測定を、前記物質に暴露していない心筋細胞のそれと比較するステップであって、ステップ(a)の心筋細胞の心筋症パラメータの測定が、心筋肥大症の減少と一致する、ステップと;
を含む、心筋症の改善能について物質をスクリーニングする方法に関する。
・心臓体の高度に標準化された細胞培養モデル、均質かつ再現可能な作製;
・正常な生理学的挙動を持つ心房、心室、及びペースメーカ細胞の存在(例えばイオンチャネルの発現及び調節);
・全てのイオンチャネル、周期変動性及び不整脈の出現に対する効果を含む、心臓体の全ての電気生理的特性のECG様スクリーニング;
・完全にin vitroベースの系であり、面倒な細胞調製を必要としない
・時間及び経費が節約できる
がある。
・薬物候補を同定するために、ここに解説された通りの一つ以上の検定系又はその成分を提供するステップ;及び/又は
・本発明の検定に従って、効験及び毒性に関して、前記のステップで同定された薬物、又は更にその類似体、の治療上のプロファイリングを行うステップ;及び
・許容可能な治療的プロファイルを有するとして前のステップで同定された一つ以上の約部を含む医薬製剤を調合するステップ、
を含む。上記の方法を用いると、薬物の種類を決定することができる。作用物質は、例えばMEAについて記載されたものなど、ここで前述したものなどの特定のパラメータを変化させる能力により、同定される。同定された、適したリード化合物に関して、当該作用物質又はその類似体の治療上の更なるプロファイリングを、動物での効験及び毒性を評価するために、行うことができる。動物検査後に治療的プロファイルを有する化合物を調合して、ヒトで用いるように、又は、獣医学的使用に向けて、医薬製剤にすることができる。当該の事業法には、販売に向けて当該医薬製剤を流通させる流通システムを確立する付加的なステップを含めることができ、また付加的には、当該医薬製剤を市販する販売グループを確立するステップを含めてもよい。
・薬物を同定するために、ここに解説された一つ以上の検定系又はその成分を提供するステップ;
・代替的に又は加えて、本発明の検定に従って、効験及び毒性に関して、薬物の治療上のプロファイリングを行うステップ;及び
・第三者に対し、更なる薬物開発の権利、並びに/若しくは、同定された、又はプロファイリングされた薬物、あるいはその類似体の販売の権利、を許諾するステップ、
を含む。同定された、適したリード化合物については、各第三者との協議の様式によっては、当該作用物質、又はその更なる類似体、のプロファイリングを、動物での効験及び毒性を評価するために、行うことができる。こうして、ヒト又は獣医学用途で用いるような化合物の更なる開発は、第三者によって行われるであろう。当該の事業法は、通常、前記化合物の開発権の販売又は許諾を含むであろうが、薬物開発企業に有料で提供される役務として行われてもよい。
現在のところ、げっ歯類心臓から調製される心筋細胞が、分子レベルで肥大性心筋細胞を研究するための標準的なin vitroモデルとして用いられている(Chlopcikova et al., Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc Czech. Repub. 145 (2001), 49-55)。これらの細胞は、刺激時にin vivoの肥大性心筋細胞の数多くの特徴を示す(Chien et al., FASEB J. 5 (1991, 3037-3046)。エンドセリン (Shubeita et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990), 20555-20562; Suzuki et al., FEBS Lett. 268 (1990), 149-151; Ito et al., Circ. Res. 69 (1991), 209-215)、1-アドレナリン作動性アゴニスト (Simpson, Circ. Res. 56 (1985), 884-894; Meidell et al., Am. J. Physiol. 251 (1986), H1076-H1084; Henrich and Simpson, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 20 (1988), 1081-1085);及びアンジオテンシン II (Sadoshima and Izumo, Circulation Research 73 (1993), 413-423)を含め、多様な物質をこの系の肥大刺激として用いることができる。更に、機械的刺激がこのモデルで肥大表現型を誘導することができる(Komuro et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990), 3595-3598; Sadoshima et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992), 10551-10560)。この細胞培養系で肥大性心筋細胞サイズ増大、タンパク質合成増加、筋小胞体の集合の増加及び胎児性遺伝子プログラムの再発現、例えばANF(心房性ナトリウム利用因子)遺伝子の発現亢進など、により特徴付けられる。胚性幹(ES)細胞由来心筋細胞が刺激時に同様の特徴を示すかどうかを検査するために、以下の実験を行った。緑色蛍光心筋細胞を、国際出願WO99/01552及びWO02/051987の教示に従って以下の方法で作製した。緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)及びピューロマイシン耐性の遺伝子を2-ミオシン重鎖プロモータ(WO02/051987を参照されたい)の転写制御下に含有する2シストロン性のベクターをトランスフェクトしたES細胞(株D3、ATCC、CRL1934)を誘導して、LIFの非存在下で凝集体(胚様体、EB)をそれぞれWO99/01552及びWO02/051987の方法か、又はヨーロッパ特許出願03015401.7に従って、形成させた。20%FCS(Invitrogen社、バッチコントロールしたもの)を添加したIMDM(Invitrogen社)で、37℃、5%CO2及び95%の湿度にして10cm細菌用皿(Greiner社)で9日間、EBを培養した。次に、ピューロマイシン(Sigma社、2.5μg/ml)をこの細胞培地に加え、細胞を更に10日間、培養した。次に細胞を24ウェルプレート(Costar社)にいれた不活性化したマウス胚線維芽細胞の層上に移し、ピューロマイシン(IMDM、20%FCS)の非存在下で2日間、培養した。2日後、血清含有培地を無血清培地(Medium199、Invitrogen社)に取り替えた。24時間後、エンドセリン-1(100nM、Sigma社)又はフェニレフリン(200μM、Sigma社)を添加することにより、血清飢餓細胞を24時間、刺激した。
心臓肥大症は、様々な刺激に対する心臓の適合的応答であり、分子レベルで様々な心筋細胞変化が伴う。このプロセスの特徴を分析した研究では、Ca2+が中心的な役割を果たしていることが示されているため、Ca2+恒常性の調節に関与しているタンパク質、又はCa2+により調節されているタンパク質が、肥大性応答において重要な役割を果たすと考えられる(McLennan, Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (2000), 5291-5297; Frey et al., Nat. Med. 6 (2000), 1221-1227にレビュー)。接続するCa2+の変動及び遺伝子調節の変更に関与するタンパク質の一つが、Ca2+-カルモジュリン依存性タンパク質ホスファターゼ-2B、カルシニューリンである(Rao et al., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15 (1997), 707-747にレビュー)。細胞内のカルシウムが上昇すると、カルシニューリンの活性化が増すが、このカルシニューリンは、その活性化型では、活性化T細胞の核内因子(NFAT)を脱リン酸化することにより、それを活性化する(Okamura et al., Mol. Cell 6 (2000), 539-550; reviewed in Crabtree, J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001), 2313-2316にレビュー)。カルシニューリンと心臓肥大症との間の直接的な関係が、活性化型のカルシニューリンを発現するトランスジェニックマウスで示されている。これらのマウスは、ヒトの心疾患に似て、心臓肥大症及び心不全を発症する(Molkentin et al., Cell 93 (1998), 215-228)。in vitro研究用に遺伝子改変された心筋細胞は、対応する改変動物から得られるか、あるいは、初代心筋細胞の遺伝子操作により、得られよう。両方の方法とも時間及び費用がかかる。従って、本発明では、トランスジェニックES細胞を直接、由来とし、活性化型カルシニューリンをin vitroで発現する心筋細胞の作製を狙いとした。この目的のために、構成的活性型のカルシニューリンA触媒サブユニット((O’Keefe et al., Nature 357 (1992), 692-694)遺伝子を心筋細胞特異的MHCプロモータの制御下に含有するトランスジェニックES細胞株を作製した。まず、pcDNA3ベクター(Invitrogen社)のNruI-BamHI 部位の間にあるCMVプロモータをMHCプロモータ(Genebank: U71441)に置換することにより、MHC-pcDNA3ベクターを作製した。構成的に活性なカルシニューリンをコードするcDNAを得るために、RNAを成体マウス心臓から抽出し、それぞれTRIzol試薬(Invitrogen社)及びSuperscriptTMII RNaseH-リバーストランスクリプターゼ(Invitrogen社)をメーカのプロトコルに従って用いたcDNA作製法に用いた。aa1-398に相当する、C末端の自己阻害性ドメインを欠いた構成的活性カルシニューリンA触媒性サブユニットをコードする配列(O?fKeefe et al., Nature 357 (1992), 692-694)をPCRにより全マウス心臓cDNAから増幅した。増幅に用いられたプライマは、それぞれSpeI部位及びNotI部位を持つ5-GGACTAGTCCAGCCACCATGTCCGAGCCCAAGGC-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)及び5’-ATAAGAATGCGGCCGCTAAACTATTCAGTTTCTGATGACTTCCTTCCGG-3’ SEQ ID NO:2)だった。そのPCR産物をMHC-pcDNA3に、このMHC-pcDNA3ベクターのSpeI及びNotI部位間にクローニングした。その結果できたベクターをHC-Calci*-pcDNA3と呼んだ。構成的活性カルシニューリンをコードする配列を、以下のプライマ(ベクター内の正方向5’-CACCAGAAATGACAGAC-3'、(SEQ ID NO: 3)逆方向5’-AAAGGACAGTGGGAGTG-3’ (SEQ ID NO: 4)、正方向5’-CACTCGCTACCTCTTCT-3’(SEQ ID NO: 5)、逆方向5’-TCGTACTTCAACACTGC-3’、(SEQ ID NO:6)逆方向5’-AAATGTTCCTGAGTCTT-3’ SEQ ID NO: 7))を用いてこのコンストラクトを配列決定することにより確認した。ES細胞からの分化後の心筋細胞の選抜が可能なように、ピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子-IRES-EGFPコンストラクトの発現を調節するMHCプロモータを持つPIGベクター(WO02/051987を参照されたい)を、MHCCalci* pcDNA3ベクターと一緒に同時トランスフェクトした。分化後にピューロマイシンを添加することにより、心筋細胞を選抜し、EGFP発現で特定することができた。MHC-Calci*-pcDNA3及びPIGをそれぞれPvuI及びSacIで直線化し、エレクトロポレーションによりR1 ES細胞に同時トランスフェクトした(Nagy et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90 (1993), 8424-8428)。負のコントロールとして、PIGコンストラクトのみを持つ第二のR1 ES細胞株を作製した。トランスフェクト後の細胞をネオマイシン耐性で選抜した。MHC-Calci*-pcDNA3及びPIGベクターの両方を同時トランスフェクトした場合、両方のコンストラクトを持つクローンを特定するためのPCRスクリーニングを、以下のプライマ:正方向5’-CCTCACCCCCTGGCTTGT-3’(SEQ ID NO:8)及び逆方向5’-TTCCAGCCTGCCCTCCTT-3’(SEQ ID NO:9)を用い、MHC-Calci*-pcDNA3についてアニーリング温度を57℃にして行うと676bpの産物が得られ;正方向5’-CAAGGACGACGGCAACTAC-3’(SEQ ID NO:10)及び逆方向5’-CGCTTCTCGTTGGGGTCT-3’(SEQ ID NO:11)、PIGコンストラクトの検出のためにアニーリング温度を57℃にして行うと、345bpの断片が得られた。
実施例1で解説したようにES細胞から得られた肥大した心筋細胞が、薬物スクリーニング目的の適したツールとなるかどうかを検査するために、これらの細胞を、肥大性成長に影響することが既知の化合物で処理した。ピューロマイシン耐性ES細胞由来心筋細胞を、実施例1で解説した通りに得、懸濁培養に維持した。この細胞を24時間、培地199(Invitrogen社)で培養した後、100nMのエンドセリン-1(ET-1)または100μMのフェニレフリン(PE)と、多様な検査物質(表1)で24時間、処理することで、肥大表現型を誘導した。その後、RNeasyミニキット(Qiagen社)を用いてRNAを抽出し、次にRT-PCRを行って、肥大した心筋細胞で上方調節されている2つの遺伝子であるANF及びBNPの発現を分析した(上記を参照されたい)。cDNAを合成し、ANF及びBNP cDNAsをPCR(24PCRサイクル)で増幅した。ANF増幅に用いたプライマを実施例2で示した通りであり、そしてBNP増幅用のプライマは、正方向5’-CAGCTCTTGAAGGACCAAGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:20)及び逆方向5’-AGACCCAGGCAGAGTCAGAA-3’(SEQ ID NO:21)であり、アニーリング温度56℃でPCRを行うと、242bpの産物が得られた。gapdh cDNAを増幅して、実施例2で解説したように投入されたRNA及びcDNA合成を調節した。PCR産物をアガロースゲル電気泳動法で分離し、バンドの輝度BioDocAnalyzeシステム(Biometra社)を用いて分析した。
Claims (25)
- (a)in vitro分化細胞を含む検査試料を、スクリーニング対象の検査物質と接触させるステップであって、前記細胞が、ある罹患細胞、組織又は器官の細胞の表現型に実質的に相当する所定の罹患表現型を示すように誘導される、ステップと;
(b)前記検査試料の表現型の応答性変化を判定するステップであって、
(i)前記罹患表現型の発現又は進行を妨げる又は遅らせる応答性変化は、有用な薬物の指標であり、そして、
(ii)前記罹患表現型の発現又は進行を亢進する応答性変化は、前記化合物の毒性の指標である、
ステップと、
を含み、
前記in vitro分化細胞が心筋細胞であり、前記表現型が心臓肥大表現型である、
ある疾患の改善又は治療のための薬物を同定する及び/又は得るための、あるいは、ある化合物の毒性を判定するための、方法。 - 前記in vitro分化細胞が多能又は多分化能細胞を由来とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記多能又は多分化能細胞が胚性幹(ES)細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記多能又は多分化能細胞がマウス又はラットを由来とする、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- 前記in vitro分化細胞が、細胞種特異的調節配列に作動的に連鎖した選択マーカと、細胞種特異的調節配列に作動的に連鎖したレポータ遺伝子とを含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記選択マーカがピューロマイシンに耐性をもたらすものであり、及び/又は、前記レポータが、高感度緑色蛍光タンパク質(EGFP)の種々のカラーバージョンから選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記レポータ遺伝子の前記細胞種特異的調節配列が、前記マーカ遺伝子の前記細胞種特異的調節配列と実質的に同じである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞種特異的調節配列が心房及び/又は心室特異的である、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プロモータが、α-MHC、MLC2v、MLC1a、MLC2a及びβMHCから成る群より選択される心臓特異的調節配列である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記in vitro分化細胞が胚様体(EB)中に存在する、請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が心疾患、好ましくは心不全又は心筋症である、請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記表現型が、細胞のサイズ、細胞の形状、タンパク質合成、アクチン/ミオシンフィラメントの組織化、心筋症の細胞に特徴的な遺伝子発現パターンの活性化、及び/又は、初期胚発生で発現する遺伝子の活性化、から成る群より選択されるパラメータを含む、請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記表現型が、生理活性化合物の存在下で前記in vitro分化細胞を培養することにより誘導される、請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、肥大アゴニストであり、好ましくは該肥大アゴニストが、エンドセリン-1、アンジオテンシンII、又はα1-アドレナリン作動性アゴニストから成る群より選択され、好ましくは該α1-アドレナリン作動性アゴニストがフェニレフリンである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記in vitro分化細胞が、前記表現型を示すように遺伝子操作されている、請求項1乃至14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記in vitro分化細胞が、潜在的薬物ターゲットをコードする遺伝子を発現又は抑制するように遺伝子操作されている、請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 電極アレイを通じて電気活性、及び付加的に更なるパラメータを測定するステップを含む、請求項1乃至16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 以下のパラメータ:
(i)Na+チャネル;
(ii)Ca2+/K+チャネル;
(iii)K+チャネル;
(iv)振幅及び/又は外界電位の期間 (FDP);
(v)心臓細胞の周期変動及びニューロン細胞のバースト期間;
(vi)不整脈、EAD様現象;
(vii)pH値;
(viii)酸素分圧(pO2);
(ix)拍動停止;及び
(x)心房心室分離収縮、NO効果及び/形態上の変化の分析、
のうちのいずれか一つ又は全部が分析される、請求項1乃至17のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記in vitro分化細胞が、心筋細胞に分化した胚様体(EB)中に存在する、請求項1乃至18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記EBが、自律的に拍動して、心房及び心室心筋細胞やペースメーカ細胞の電気生理的特性を網羅する機能的心臓組織を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記in vitro分化細胞が、マウスES細胞株を由来とする、請求項1乃至20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)における前記in vitro分化細胞がin vitro分化した心筋細胞であり、ステップ(b)が以下のステップ、即ち、
(i)ステップ(a)の心筋細胞中の心筋症パラメータを測定するステップと;
(ii)ステップ(i)で得られた測定値と、前記物質に曝されていない心筋細胞のそれと比較するステップであって;
ステップ(a)の心筋細胞中の心筋症パラメータの測定値が、心臓肥大症の減少と一致する、ステップと、を含む
心筋症を改善する能力について物質をスクリーニングする、請求項1乃至21のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 心筋症パラメータが、心房性ナトリウム利尿因子遺伝子、ベータ型ナトリウム利尿ペプチド遺伝子、β-ミオシン重鎖遺伝子、α-骨格アクチン遺伝子、c-FOS、c-JUN、c-MYC、初期成長応答遺伝子、熱ショックタンパク質70、アルファ-ミオシン重鎖、コラーゲンIII、プレプロエンドセリン-1、ミオシン軽鎖2、Na+/H+ 交換体、心臓アルファ-アクチン、Na+/Ca2+ 交換体、ホスファチジルイノシトール-3受容体、アンジオテンシン転化酵素、コラーゲンI、コラーゲンXV、筋小胞体Ca-ATPase-2 アルファ、β-アドレナリン受容体、プロテインキナーゼC、及びホスホランバンから成る群より選択される遺伝子の発現又は遺伝子産物の活性である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記接触させるステップが、前記検査試料を、前記第一の検査物質の存在下で少なくとも一つの第二の検査物質に接触させるステップを更に含む、請求項1乃至23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 分化プロセス及び/又は組織構造形成を活性化又は阻害することが既知の化合物が培養液に添加される、請求項1乃至24のいずれかに記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04011214.6 | 2004-05-11 | ||
EP04011214 | 2004-05-11 | ||
PCT/EP2005/005087 WO2005108598A1 (en) | 2004-05-11 | 2005-05-11 | Assay for drug discovery based on in vitro differentiated cells |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011157310A Division JP2012010701A (ja) | 2004-05-11 | 2011-07-18 | invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007537429A JP2007537429A (ja) | 2007-12-20 |
JP2007537429A5 JP2007537429A5 (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
JP4814875B2 true JP4814875B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
Family
ID=34924969
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007512085A Active JP4814875B2 (ja) | 2004-05-11 | 2005-05-11 | invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 |
JP2011157310A Pending JP2012010701A (ja) | 2004-05-11 | 2011-07-18 | invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011157310A Pending JP2012010701A (ja) | 2004-05-11 | 2011-07-18 | invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US8318488B1 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP2270196B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4814875B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE490306T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2565858C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005025106D1 (ja) |
DK (2) | DK3070174T3 (ja) |
ES (3) | ES2770067T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005108598A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012010701A (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2012-01-19 | Axiogenesis Ag | invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1740945B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2018-09-19 | Ncardia AG | Non-invasive, in vitro functional tissue assay systems |
US8568761B2 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2013-10-29 | Cormatrix Cardiovascular, Inc. | Compositions for regenerating defective or absent myocardium |
US7838250B1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2010-11-23 | Singulex, Inc. | Highly sensitive system and methods for analysis of troponin |
EP3495822B1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2023-12-20 | Novilux, LLC | Method for assessing acute myocardial infarction based on highly sensitive analysis of cardiac troponin |
WO2008129560A2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-30 | Stempeutics Research Private Limited | An in vitro human embryonic model and a method thereof |
WO2010075026A2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-07-01 | Onconova Therapeutics Inc | Methods for determining efficacy of a therapeutic regimen against deleterious effects of cytotoxic agents in human |
US10386360B2 (en) | 2009-03-13 | 2019-08-20 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Bio-microelectromechanical system transducer and associated methods |
US8815584B1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2014-08-26 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of co-culturing mammalian muscle cells and motoneurons |
US9163216B1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2015-10-20 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method for culturing skeletal muscle for tissue engineering |
US8385624B2 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2013-02-26 | David J. Charlot | Automated transient image cytometry |
US8828721B1 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2014-09-09 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of myelinating isolated motoneurons |
JP5678045B2 (ja) | 2009-06-08 | 2015-02-25 | シンギュレックス・インコーポレイテッド | 高感度バイオマーカーパネル |
JP6083559B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-31 | 2017-02-22 | クロモセル コーポレーション | 細胞運命の修飾因子を同定および検証するための方法および組成物 |
DE102009041254A1 (de) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-06-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 80686 | Spontan kontrahierende Fischzellaggregate, deren Verwendung und Verfahren zu deren Erzeugung |
US9404140B1 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2016-08-02 | The University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Patterned cardiomyocyte culture on microelectrode array |
US9489474B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2016-11-08 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Model and methods for identifying points of action in electrically active cells |
US8615311B2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2013-12-24 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Microelectorode array, methods for preparing the same and uses thereof |
EP2585171B1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2018-12-26 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Formation of neuromuscular junctions in a defined system |
CN103228793B (zh) | 2010-06-29 | 2017-02-15 | 公立大学法人名古屋市立大学 | 作用在离子通道上的化合物的筛选用材料及其应用 |
EP2591356A1 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2013-05-15 | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Method for in-vitro monitoring of neuronal disorders and use thereof |
EP2633322B1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2018-02-14 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Method of determining risk of arrythmia |
WO2012098260A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-26 | Axiogenesis Ag | A non-viral system for the generation of induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells |
JP5995086B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-07 | 2016-09-21 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 心筋症特異的多能性幹細胞およびその用途 |
US9395354B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2016-07-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients and methods of use thereof |
WO2014028940A1 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-20 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods, systems and compositions for functional in vitro cellular models of mammalian systems |
EP2932238B1 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2018-02-28 | Vala Sciences, Inc. | Analysis of action potentials, transients, and ion flux in excitable cells |
US20150369791A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2015-12-24 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and systems for mimicking heart function |
CN104237308B (zh) * | 2013-06-09 | 2016-08-31 | 国家纳米科学中心 | 一种在体外筛选药物的方法 |
DE102013114671B4 (de) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-10-29 | Universität Rostock | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Sinusknotenzellen ("Herz-Schrittmacherzellen") aus Stammzellen |
WO2015150589A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Imec Vzw | Method and device for drug screening |
US10935541B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2021-03-02 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods comprising neuromuscular junctions |
JP6940920B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-04 | 2021-09-29 | アナバイオス コーポレーション | 医薬誘発性の変力作用および不整脈誘発のリスクを予測するためのシステムおよび方法 |
WO2018208332A2 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-11-15 | Koniku, Inc. | Systems for detection |
NL2019618B1 (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Ncardia B V | In vitro method for providing stem cell derived cardiomyocytes |
US20190376039A1 (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-12 | L. Lee Lochbaum Eckhardt | Cells with improved inward rectifier current |
JP7384167B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-11-21 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 心毒性評価方法 |
CN110161111B (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-09-07 | 广东工业大学 | 一种检测动物组织中β肾上腺素受体激动剂类药物的方法 |
JP7543656B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-19 | 2024-09-03 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 心毒性評価方法 |
WO2022266431A1 (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | The Texas A&M University System | Methods of processing adult neural cells from mammals and assays thereof |
US12076437B2 (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2024-09-03 | Brown University | Proangiogenic protein cocktails delivered in custom biomaterials to revascularize ischemic tissue |
EP4419653A1 (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2024-08-28 | Exir, Inc. | Compositions and methods for using individualized genome assemblies and induced pluripotent stem cell lines of nonhuman primates for pre-clinical evaluation |
WO2024162286A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-08-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 薬剤の評価方法、試薬およびキット |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001520170A (ja) * | 1997-10-16 | 2001-10-30 | ボード・オヴ・リージェンツ,ザ・ユニヴァーシティ・オヴ・テキサス・システム | Nf−at3機能に関連した心肥大動物モデルと治療法 |
WO2002051987A1 (de) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-04 | Axiogenesis Ag | System zur zell-und entwicklungsspezifischen selektion differenzierender embryonaler stammzellen; adulter stammzellen und embryonaler keinbahnzellen |
WO2003006950A2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-23 | Geron Corporation | Cells of the cardiomyocyte lineage produced from human pluripotent stem cells |
WO2003080816A2 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | University Of Sheffield | Stem cell culture |
Family Cites Families (111)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6072402A (en) | 1992-01-09 | 2000-06-06 | Slc Technologies, Inc. | Secure entry system with radio communications |
GB2197915B (en) | 1986-11-19 | 1990-11-14 | Rolls Royce Plc | Improvements in or relating to fluid bearings |
US4931561A (en) | 1987-07-29 | 1990-06-05 | Koei Chemical Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing nitriles |
US4937190A (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1990-06-26 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Translation enhancer |
US5223409A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1993-06-29 | Protein Engineering Corp. | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
US5096815A (en) | 1989-01-06 | 1992-03-17 | Protein Engineering Corporation | Generation and selection of novel dna-binding proteins and polypeptides |
US5198346A (en) | 1989-01-06 | 1993-03-30 | Protein Engineering Corp. | Generation and selection of novel DNA-binding proteins and polypeptides |
US5464764A (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1995-11-07 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Positive-negative selection methods and vectors |
ES2118066T3 (es) | 1989-10-05 | 1998-09-16 | Optein Inc | Sintesis y aislamiento, exentos de celulas, de nuevos genes y polipeptidos. |
DE69120146T2 (de) | 1990-01-12 | 1996-12-12 | Cell Genesys Inc | Erzeugung xenogener antikörper |
US5747334A (en) | 1990-02-15 | 1998-05-05 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Random peptide library |
DD299439B5 (de) | 1990-05-11 | 1995-10-19 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Wirkung von chemischen Wirkstoffen und medizinisch-pharmazeutischen Praeparaten |
EP0597964A4 (en) | 1991-08-07 | 1994-11-30 | Einstein Coll Med | PROLIFERATION OF HEPATOCYTE PRECURSORS. |
US5573905A (en) | 1992-03-30 | 1996-11-12 | The Scripps Research Institute | Encoded combinatorial chemical libraries |
US5453357A (en) | 1992-10-08 | 1995-09-26 | Vanderbilt University | Pluripotential embryonic stem cells and methods of making same |
GB9308271D0 (en) | 1993-04-21 | 1993-06-02 | Univ Edinburgh | Method of isolating and/or enriching and/or selectively propagating pluripotential animal cells and animals for use in said method |
US5523226A (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1996-06-04 | Biotechnology Research And Development Corp. | Transgenic swine compositions and methods |
ATE400651T1 (de) | 1993-09-10 | 2008-07-15 | Univ Columbia | Verwendung von grünem fluoreszenzprotein |
US6015671A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-01-18 | Indiana University Foundation | Myocardial grafts and cellular compositions |
US5602301A (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1997-02-11 | Indiana University Foundation | Non-human mammal having a graft and methods of delivering protein to myocardial tissue |
US5534404A (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1996-07-09 | Cytotherapeutics, Inc. | Glucose responsive insulin secreting β-cell lines and method for producing same |
WO1995021191A1 (en) | 1994-02-04 | 1995-08-10 | William Ward | Bioluminescent indicator based upon the expression of a gene for a modified green-fluorescent protein |
US5563067A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1996-10-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Cell potential measurement apparatus having a plurality of microelectrodes |
DE4441327C1 (de) | 1994-11-22 | 1995-11-09 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | Embryonale Herzmuskelzellen, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
US5641644A (en) | 1994-12-09 | 1997-06-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for the precise positioning of cells |
US5565340A (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1996-10-15 | Clontech Laboratories, Inc. | Method for suppressing DNA fragment amplification during PCR |
US6110743A (en) | 1995-02-10 | 2000-08-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Development and use of human pancreatic cell lines |
GB9504446D0 (en) | 1995-03-06 | 1995-04-26 | Medical Res Council | Improvements in or relating to gene expression |
GB9505663D0 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-05-10 | Stringer Bradley M J | Genetically modified neural cells |
DE19525285C2 (de) | 1995-06-28 | 1999-04-15 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | In vitro Testverfahren zum Nachweis Chemikalien-induzierter embryotoxischer/teratogener Effekte |
DE19529371C3 (de) | 1995-08-10 | 2003-05-28 | Nmi Univ Tuebingen | Mikroelektroden-Anordnung |
US6166288A (en) | 1995-09-27 | 2000-12-26 | Nextran Inc. | Method of producing transgenic animals for xenotransplantation expressing both an enzyme masking or reducing the level of the gal epitope and a complement inhibitor |
CA2242666A1 (en) | 1996-01-09 | 1997-07-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ungulate embryonic stem-like cells, methods of making and using the cells to produce transgenic ungulates |
US5869243A (en) | 1996-03-05 | 1999-02-09 | Rhode Island Hospital | Immortalized hepatocytes |
US6333447B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 2001-12-25 | The General Hospital Corporation | Transgenic model of heart failure |
GB2321642B8 (en) | 1996-10-01 | 2006-08-22 | Geron Corp | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter |
EP0938674B1 (de) | 1996-11-16 | 2005-06-01 | NMI Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut an der Universität Tübingen in Reutlingen Stiftung Bürgerlichen Rechts | Mikroelementenanordnung, verfahren zum kontaktieren von in einer flüssigen umgebung befindlichen zellen und verfahren zum herstellen einer mikroelementenanordnung |
DE19653685B4 (de) | 1996-12-13 | 2006-06-01 | Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung | In vitro Zellsystem vaskulärer glatter Muskulatur für pharmakologische und physiologische Untersuchungen |
CA2281648A1 (en) | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-20 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Hybrid molecules for optically detecting changes in cellular microenvironments |
JPH10292688A (ja) | 1997-02-20 | 1998-11-04 | Kouji Kagetani | 扉の施解錠方法 |
US6331406B1 (en) | 1997-03-31 | 2001-12-18 | The John Hopkins University School Of Medicine | Human enbryonic germ cell and methods of use |
US6218597B1 (en) | 1997-04-03 | 2001-04-17 | University Technology Corporation | Transgenic model and treatment for heart disease |
DE19815128A1 (de) | 1997-04-03 | 1998-10-08 | Franz Wolfgang M Dr | Transgenes Tiermodell für humane Kardiomyopathien |
GB9708526D0 (en) | 1997-04-25 | 1997-06-18 | Royal Free Hosp School Med | Eukaryotic gene expression cassette and uses thereof |
US5981268A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1999-11-09 | Board Of Trustees, Leland Stanford, Jr. University | Hybrid biosensors |
DE19727962A1 (de) | 1997-07-02 | 1999-01-14 | Juergen Hescheler | Fluoreszierende Proteine als zelltypspezifische Reporter |
CA2300390A1 (en) | 1997-08-12 | 1999-02-25 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Human frezzled-like protein |
US6610480B1 (en) | 1997-11-10 | 2003-08-26 | Genentech, Inc. | Treatment and diagnosis of cardiac hypertrophy |
AU1606999A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-15 | Albert Einstein College Of Medicine Of Yeshiva University | Mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase |
US6080576A (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2000-06-27 | Lexicon Genetics Incorporated | Vectors for gene trapping and gene activation |
DE19843234A1 (de) | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-23 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | Differenzierte Herzzellen mit pathologischen Merkmalen als in vitro-Modell für Herzerkrankungen |
GB2342003A (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-29 | Riva Limited | Telephone apparatus for handling anonymous calls |
WO2000017326A1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-30 | Musc Foundation For Research Development | Non-hematopoietic cells, including cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells, derived from hematopoietic stem cells and methods of making and using them |
AU773043B2 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2004-05-13 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas, The | In vitro and in vivo models for screening compounds to prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone destruction |
US6667176B1 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2003-12-23 | Geron Corporation | cDNA libraries reflecting gene expression during growth and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells |
WO2000034525A1 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-15 | Vistagen, Inc. | Toxicity typing using embryoid bodies |
GB2344670B (en) | 1998-12-12 | 2003-09-03 | Ibm | System, apparatus and method for controlling access |
US6377057B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2002-04-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Classification of biological agents according to the spectral density signature of evoked changes in cellular electric potential |
WO2000063221A2 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Galectin 11 |
CA2378982A1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of inhibiting muscle atrophy |
ATE422556T1 (de) * | 1999-08-20 | 2009-02-15 | Univ Texas | Hdac4- und hdac5-abhängige regulation der genexpression im herzen |
US20030059797A1 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2003-03-27 | Elena Paley | Animal model of and test for Alzheimer's disease |
AU7445800A (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2001-04-30 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of prolonging normal cell life span |
EP1107003A1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-13 | Trophos | Methods for screening compounds active on neurons |
DE19962154A1 (de) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-07-12 | Medigene Ag | Krankhaft veränderte Herzmuskelzelle, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
US20020142457A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2002-10-03 | Akihiro Umezawa | Cell having the potentiality of differentiation into cardiomyocytes |
US6602711B1 (en) | 2000-02-21 | 2003-08-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method of making embryoid bodies from primate embryonic stem cells |
EP1309856A2 (de) | 2000-03-01 | 2003-05-14 | Nmi Naturwissenschaftliches Und Medizinisches Institut An Der Universität Tübingen | Verwendung eines elektrodenarrays |
CA2402245A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-20 | Advanced Research And Technology Institute, Inc. | Multipotent cell and cardiomyocyte cell populations, and routes to and uses of same |
US20050165612A1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2005-07-28 | Van Rysselberghe Pierre C. | Security systems for delivering goods and services |
US7256042B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2007-08-14 | Geron Corporation | Process for making hepatocytes from pluripotent stem cells |
US6458589B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2002-10-01 | Geron Corporation | Hepatocyte lineage cells derived from pluripotent stem cells |
US7282366B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2007-10-16 | Geron Corporation | Hepatocytes for therapy and drug screening made from embryonic stem cells |
WO2001088096A2 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-22 | Geron Corporation | Ovine tissue for xenotransplantation |
US7045353B2 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2006-05-16 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem | Directed differentiation of human embryonic cells |
JP2002051782A (ja) | 2000-08-09 | 2002-02-19 | Sankyo Co Ltd | 骨粗鬆症もしくは関節リウマチの治療または予防剤の試験方法 |
SE520984C2 (sv) | 2000-08-10 | 2003-09-16 | Volvo Technology Corp | Metod och system för att låsa upp ett föremål |
US7214371B1 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2007-05-08 | Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev Research & Development Authority | Tissue engineered biografts for repair of damaged myocardium |
US6844184B2 (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2005-01-18 | Surface Logix, Inc. | Device for arraying biomolecules and for monitoring cell motility in real-time |
US20030027331A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2003-02-06 | Yan Wen Liang | Isolated homozygous stem cells, differentiated cells derived therefrom, and materials and methods for making and using same |
GB0100119D0 (en) | 2001-01-03 | 2001-02-14 | Univ Aberdeen | Materials and methods relating to protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disease |
AU2002306763A1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-10-03 | University Of Virginian Patent Foundation | Methods for identifying and purifying smooth muscle progenitor cells |
US20030148296A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-08-07 | Brown Harlan Roger | Differential gene expression in cardiac hypertrophy |
US20030032185A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2003-02-13 | Sharkis Saul J. | Method of making a homogeneous preparation of hematopoietic stem cells |
DE10126371A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2003-02-27 | Medigene Ag | Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Substanzen gegen Herzmuskelzellen-Hypertrophie |
WO2004005882A2 (en) | 2001-06-18 | 2004-01-15 | Psychiatric Genomics, Inc. | Multi-parameter high throughput screening assays (mphts) |
US20030108895A1 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2003-06-12 | Field Loren J. | Methods and cell populations for identifying and validating genomic targets, and for drug screening |
EP1271145A1 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2003-01-02 | Cardion AG | Methods and cell populations for identifying and validating genomic targets, and for drug screening |
CA2351156A1 (en) | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-04 | Peter W. Zandstra | A bioprocess for the generation of pluripotent cell derived cells and tissues |
WO2003010303A1 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2003-02-06 | Es Cell International Pte Ltd | Methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells |
ATE426015T1 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2009-04-15 | Univ St Louis | Systeme und verfahren zum screening pharmazeutischer chemikalien |
EP1444326A4 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2006-06-28 | Advanced Cell Tech Inc | SCREENING ASSAYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF AGENTS INDUCING DIFFERENTIATION, AND PRODUCTION OF CELLS DIFFERENTIATED FOR CELL THERAPY |
AU2002338732A1 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-04-01 | Medigene Ag | Extracellular regulated kinase 2 (erk2) |
US6706686B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2004-03-16 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Inhibition of histone deacetylase as a treatment for cardiac hypertrophy |
US20030082153A1 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-01 | The Government Of The United States Of America | Stem cells that transform to beating cardiomyocytes |
WO2003046141A2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. | Methods for making and using reprogrammed human somatic cell nuclei and autologous and isogenic human stem cells |
US6743962B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2004-06-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Preparation of high octane alkylate from Fischer-Tropsch olefins |
CA2385734A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Transgenic cardiomyoctes with controlled proliferation and differentiation |
GB2387501A (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-15 | Andrew Nicholas | Door intercom system with remote screening/access control via a mobile phone |
WO2003093501A2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-13 | University Of Bremen | Ssh based methods for identifying and isolating unique nucleic acid sequences |
GB0215044D0 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-08-07 | Sciona Ltd | Sampling kits, devices and uses thereof |
AU2003252155B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2009-01-22 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Functional cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells |
US7627535B2 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2009-12-01 | Newspaper Delivery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for supporting delivery, sale and billing of perishable and time-sensitive goods such as newspapers, periodicals and direct marketing and promotional materials |
US9321997B2 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2016-04-26 | Axiogenesis Ag | Tissue modeling in embryonic stem (ES) cell system |
DK1644485T3 (da) | 2003-07-08 | 2011-08-15 | Axiogenesis Ag | Udskilte proteiner som markører for celledifferentiering |
AU2004256209B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2010-04-08 | Axiogenesis Ag | Novel method for the preparation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and uses thereof |
US7452718B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2008-11-18 | Geron Corporation | Direct differentiation method for making cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells |
EP1740945B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2018-09-19 | Ncardia AG | Non-invasive, in vitro functional tissue assay systems |
GB0410011D0 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2004-06-09 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung | Neural cell differentiation method |
US8318488B1 (en) | 2004-05-11 | 2012-11-27 | Axiogenesis Ag | Assay for drug discovery based on in vitro differentiated cells |
EP3418297B1 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2023-04-05 | Kyoto University | Nuclear reprogramming factor |
-
2005
- 2005-05-11 US US11/596,262 patent/US8318488B1/en active Active
- 2005-05-11 DE DE602005025106T patent/DE602005025106D1/de active Active
- 2005-05-11 AT AT05740642T patent/ATE490306T1/de active
- 2005-05-11 ES ES16165848T patent/ES2770067T3/es active Active
- 2005-05-11 WO PCT/EP2005/005087 patent/WO2005108598A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-11 EP EP10010425.6A patent/EP2270196B1/en active Active
- 2005-05-11 DK DK16165848.9T patent/DK3070174T3/da active
- 2005-05-11 EP EP16165848.9A patent/EP3070174B1/en active Active
- 2005-05-11 JP JP2007512085A patent/JP4814875B2/ja active Active
- 2005-05-11 ES ES10010425.6T patent/ES2579954T3/es active Active
- 2005-05-11 CA CA2565858A patent/CA2565858C/en active Active
- 2005-05-11 ES ES05740642T patent/ES2354997T3/es active Active
- 2005-05-11 EP EP05740642A patent/EP1745144B1/en active Active
- 2005-05-11 DK DK05740642.3T patent/DK1745144T3/da active
-
2011
- 2011-07-18 JP JP2011157310A patent/JP2012010701A/ja active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-10-17 US US13/654,115 patent/US20130102497A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-01-15 US US14/996,602 patent/US20160209400A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-01-15 US US14/996,622 patent/US20160209398A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-01-15 US US14/996,641 patent/US9726662B2/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-01-18 US US18/156,205 patent/US20230160877A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001520170A (ja) * | 1997-10-16 | 2001-10-30 | ボード・オヴ・リージェンツ,ザ・ユニヴァーシティ・オヴ・テキサス・システム | Nf−at3機能に関連した心肥大動物モデルと治療法 |
WO2002051987A1 (de) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-04 | Axiogenesis Ag | System zur zell-und entwicklungsspezifischen selektion differenzierender embryonaler stammzellen; adulter stammzellen und embryonaler keinbahnzellen |
WO2003006950A2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-23 | Geron Corporation | Cells of the cardiomyocyte lineage produced from human pluripotent stem cells |
WO2003080816A2 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | University Of Sheffield | Stem cell culture |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012010701A (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2012-01-19 | Axiogenesis Ag | invitro分化細胞に基づく薬物発見のための検定 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160209399A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
CA2565858A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1745144B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
ES2354997T3 (es) | 2011-03-21 |
DE602005025106D1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
ES2770067T3 (es) | 2020-06-30 |
WO2005108598A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
EP3070174A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
ATE490306T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
ES2579954T3 (es) | 2016-08-17 |
EP2270196A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP2270196B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
US8318488B1 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
US20230160877A1 (en) | 2023-05-25 |
JP2007537429A (ja) | 2007-12-20 |
CA2565858C (en) | 2021-06-22 |
US20130102497A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
DK1745144T3 (da) | 2011-02-07 |
DK3070174T3 (da) | 2020-01-27 |
EP3070174B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
EP1745144A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
US9726662B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
US20160209398A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
US20160209400A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
EP2270196A3 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
JP2012010701A (ja) | 2012-01-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20230160877A1 (en) | Assay for drug discovery based on in vitro differentiated cells | |
US11835433B2 (en) | Non-invasive, in vitro functional tissue assay systems | |
Eschenhagen et al. | Modelling sarcomeric cardiomyopathies in the dish: from human heart samples to iPSC cardiomyocytes | |
US8148152B2 (en) | Method for the preparation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and uses thereof | |
US20170160259A1 (en) | Tissue modeling in embryonic stem (es) cell system | |
US20090328243A1 (en) | Secreted proteins as markers for cell differentiation | |
WO2006021459A1 (en) | Compositions and methods for modulating cell differentiation | |
WO2006021460A1 (en) | Means and methods for generating cardiomyocytes and tissue and uses thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080408 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20080408 |
|
RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20090330 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20101207 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110218 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110518 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110718 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110809 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20110826 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4814875 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140902 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R3D02 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |