JP4768747B2 - Pre-support tunnel construction method and equipment adapted to it - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, the construction of a shallow earth and sand tunnel generated in the tunnel entrance and exit of the tunnel in the city center and in the large cross-section tunnel, after first drilling the leading support material in a number of positions after penetrating through the lead shaft, While digging to the large section tunnel, that is, the main tunnel excavation line, segments such as precast piece slabs that are lining forming materials, truss slabs made of steel bars, steel ribs, etc. are combined with pre-support materials, or radial on ultra soft ground If the pipe roof steel pipe multi-stage grouting in the vertical direction must be tight outside the pre-support material installed in the pre-support tunnel method, the excavation line is reinforced with an internal lining support material so as not to interfere with each other in construction. And a device adapted to the same.

  Conventionally, there has been an auxiliary method to improve the ground by performing grouting to reinforce the ground in advance when constructing shallow tunnels in urban areas. There was a disadvantage that the effect was small.

  In addition, there was a type in which the pipe roof was supported only with a pipe roof or a large shield that introduced the shield tunnel concept was hydraulically pressed to excavate the inside, but the pipe roof lacks lateral reinforcement, The shield type was not applicable to large sections because of the overhead of locally generated tunnels.

Accordingly, the present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose thereof is a construction method for construction of a shallow earth and sand tunnel with a shallow earth covering generated in a tunnel entrance and exit of a tunnel in a city center and construction of a large section tunnel. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pre-supported tunnel construction method that excavates the inside of a tunnel while reducing ground settlement and forming a tunnel lining more easily.
Since the jet 29a cleans the inside, it is possible to cope with different parts to be cleaned.

A pre-supported tunnel construction method according to the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object includes a step of drilling and grouting a number of pre-support materials from the ground surface toward a planned tunnel excavation line;
Drilling a tunnel along the tunnel excavation line ;
Installing each piece of the support plate in such a way that the piece plates are continuously engaged with each other, and the engagement protrusions and engagement grooves formed on the side surfaces of each piece plate are engaged with each other to form a lining; and
A step of applying a pressure plate to the support material penetrating the piece plate, tightening the fixing tool, and fixing the piece plate to the support material by pressure bonding.

  According to the pre-supported tunnel construction method of the present invention and the apparatus adapted thereto, a large number of pre-support materials are drilled and installed on the ground surface of the tunnel excavation line before excavation of the tunnel. In addition to shortening the construction period, surface subsidence is reduced compared to the construction of rock bolts in conventional tunnels, the self-sustaining time for tunnel excavation is increased, and there is an arch formation effect on the ground around the tunnel, and the ground improvement effect It also has a beam forming effect, a pressure resistance effect of the inner hole, and a stitching effect of rock fracture.

  In addition, since the piece plate and the support material are connected and tightened, and crimping is applied to the periphery of the tunnel hole, the lining effect and the ground at the shallow end of the excavation can be supported in a short time, and construction is also possible in the earth and sand tunnel. When vertical piles are installed on both side walls of the tunnel on the ground surface, they play the role of earth flow resistance on the side walls of the tunnel, and in the 3-arch excavation 2-arch tunnel, the central vertical pile plays the role of filler. And since a drainage material is installed between a tunnel excavation surface and a piece plate, drainage becomes smooth and there is no whitening phenomenon which occurs in the short cleat of a conventional tunnel. In addition, shallow tunnels with shallow coverings that occur at the entrances and exits of city centers and mountain tunnels can be tunneled without excessive cutting of the original ground, so tunnels can be constructed without damage to the natural environment. In particular, tunnels with extremely shallow soil covering of 5 to 6 meters will lack the frictional force of the support material. In the present invention, a concrete slab that plays the role of a reaction beam is placed on the ground surface, or a piece plate. Therefore, prestress is introduced into the steel rod, which is the tensile material of the prestress type support material, and the effect of reducing settlement and the increase in shear strength are achieved.

  Reinforcing bar truss plate, a kind of segment plate, has a structure that is easy to integrate with short cleats, is designed to have a geometric structure that can minimize the amount of rebound and maximize the secondary moment of inertia in the vertical and horizontal directions. It was.

  In addition, the drainage device according to another embodiment of the present invention can reduce ground erosion and surplus digging due to the spring water in the tunnel, and the grouting liquid can pass through the drainage pipe when grouting on the back of the piece plate. A trumpet-shaped funnel installed on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the drainage pipe serves as a check valve so as to prevent the drainage pipe from being blocked.

  In addition, when installing the support material using the guide shaft, it is possible to install a large section tunnel even in a place where the original ground is weak, so it is a very effective construction method for underground oil storage facilities, The support material in the borehole can be grooved by pressurizing it with the packer means, and the ground reinforcement can be done with ripping rock or earth and sand ground by grouting in the form of pulse image or infiltration. In order to confirm that the surroundings were grouting, the structure was such that the grouting liquid could be confirmed to overflow by being injected through a hollow steel rod type tip support material or a grouting hose.

  Polyethylene foam to prevent damage to the exposed head of the support material during blasting when drilling using the perforated hole for installing the support material, and for the bench-cut blasting method (PE foam) The pipe was attached and the shaft position was set so that the vertical axis center of the shaft drilling device coincided with the radius center of the tunnel crown in order to enable mechanized construction.

  On the side of the long tunnel, the first step is to drill through the guide tunnel in the large section tunnel, and then support support materials can be constructed at a number of positions. The construction period can be shortened dramatically.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1a to FIG. 1c are diagrams showing various forms of supporting materials for the tunnel excavation line planned before excavation of the tunnel in the tunnel construction method of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a pillar portion of an excavation 2 arch tunnel is constructed with a pre-support material. FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which piece plates are connected and tightened for each support material, and FIG. 2B is a diagram of excavating a tunnel after applying the support material in the tunneling method according to the present invention. FIG. 2c is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which truss plates made of reinforcing bars are connected and tightened for each material, and FIG. After reinforced with a number of pipe roofs at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, the tunnel is excavated, and after arched steel ribs (steelrib) are installed at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the tunnel on the tunnel excavation line, FIG. 2d is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the material is connected and tightened, and FIG. 2d shows a plurality of pipe roofs in the tunnel method according to the present invention so that the support material reaches only the periphery of the tunnel excavation line. 2e is a cross-sectional view constructed so as not to interfere with), and FIG. 2e is a diagram illustrating the construction of a plurality of pipe roofs at equal intervals in the lateral direction of the tunnel of the present invention, and then at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the tunnel in the tunnel excavation line. FIG. 2f is a perspective view showing a state in which an arch type steel rib is connected and tightened with a support material after construction, and FIG. It is a perspective view which shows a mode that many steel ribs are connected with a steel plate, FIG. 2g is sectional drawing along the AA line of FIG. 2e, FIG. 3 is excavation of a tunnel in the tunnel construction method of this invention. FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which rack bolts are constructed at the lower part of the line, and FIG. 4A is a state in which the supporting material is drilled deeper than the tunnel excavation line for self-reinforcing reinforcement in the face in the tunnel method of the present invention. 4b is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4a, FIG. 4c is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 4a, and FIG. In the tunnel construction method of the invention, when forming a lining using a truss plate made of steel bars and a short cleat, a perspective view showing a state in which a belt-shaped drainage material is continuously installed around the tunnel between the excavation surface and the piece plate In 5b is a cross-sectional view showing a drainage structure of another tunnel in the tunnel construction method of the present invention, FIG. 5c is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the drainage device of FIG. 5b, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an effect obtained by applying prestress to a pre-support material when a pre-stress type pre-support material and a shell forming member such as a piece plate are connected and tightened by a support plate in the tunnel method of FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing in detail the tip-supported prestressed support material at the D portion in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 shows the support material constructed in a shallow tunnel with a shallow earth covering in the tunnel method of the present invention. 9a is a perspective view showing a reinforcing bar truss plate in the tunnel method of the present invention, FIG. 9b is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 9a, and FIG. It is sectional drawing along the YY line of 9a. FIGS. 10a to 10e are diagrams showing the construction sequence of the pre-support material in the tunnel method of the present invention.

  The process of the pre-supporting tunnel construction method supported by the pre-supporting material and piece plate according to the present invention will be described. First, as shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d, it is like a rock bolt installed radially toward the ground in the tunnel. The tip support material 10 is pierced and ground from the planned ground surface of the tunnel toward the tunnel excavation line 20 before tunnel excavation. FIG. 1a is a diagram showing a state in which the support material 10 is radially applied toward the tunnel excavation line, and FIG. 1b is a diagram in which the support material 10 is applied in the vertical direction toward the tunnel excavation line. FIG. 1c is a diagram showing a state in which the support material 10 is constructed by mixing the vertical and radial directions toward the tunnel excavation line, and FIG. It is a figure which shows a mode that the pillar part was constructed with the pre-support material. For each of these, FIG. 1a is applied when the surface of the upper part of the tunnel is relatively wide or arched, and FIG. 1b is applied when the lateral space of the tunnel ground surface is limited in the tunnel in the center of the city. Fig. 1c is applied when the stability of both sides of the tunnel excavation line is additionally required, and the earth flow resistance of the tunnel side wall is made by allowing the vertical support members on both sides to penetrate to the bottom of the construction base. FIG. 1d shows the role of the pillar of the tunnel by using a steel pipe as the vertical support material installed at the pillar position in the 3-arch excavation 2 arch tunnel. The iron plate 13 and the angle 14 are welded and integrated to form a pre-support tunnel.

  After the pre-support material 10 is constructed as described above, the tunnel is excavated. That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 a to 2 g, the support material 10 is applied in a large number toward the tunnel excavation line 20 in a radial direction from the upper surface of the planned tunnel excavation line 20, that is, the ground surface. After the first support material 10 is drilled, the tunnel is excavated. As shown in FIG. 2a, in the tunnel excavation line 20, piece plates 30, each having a meshing protrusion 31 and a meshing groove 32 formed on one side and the other side, mesh with each other like a puzzle. Then, the piece plate 30 in which holes are drilled so as to match the positions of the respective support members 10 is fastened by the support plate 11. A drainage material 40 is inserted between the piece plate 30 and the excavation surface of the tunnel. The back side grouting for filling the gap between the piece plate 30 and the excavation surface of the tunnel is to install a drain filter and waterproof paper on the whole piece plate when installing a double shell as in the conventional tunnel method. Before, it is constructed through a perforated hole with a bearing plate 11 attached.

  FIG. 2 b shows an example in which a truss plate 33 knitted with a reinforcing bar is used as a support plate instead of the piece plate 30, and the truss plate 33 is attached to each support material 10 and its interior is short cleated. 2c to 2g show that instead of the piece plate 30, a pipe roof 34 (Pipe Roof) 34 is installed in the transverse direction of the tunnel in the traveling direction of the tunnel, and then the tunnel is excavated and drainage material is provided on the excavation surface. 40, and a steel rib (Steel Rib) 35 in the transverse direction of the tunnel is installed at the lower end of the pipe roof 34 in the vertical direction, that is, in the traveling direction of the tunnel. Are provided with steel plates 36 to bind the steel ribs 35 to each other. A short cleat 37 is placed between the pipe roof 34 and the steel plate 36. That is, as shown in FIGS. 2a to 2g, any of the members forming the shell is selectively installed based on the ground conditions, either the precast piece plate 30, the rebar truss plate 33, or the steel rib 35.

  In FIG. 2c, it is disclosed that the excavation line of the tunnel is supported by the bearing plate during the construction of the rock bolt to prevent local collapse, but in FIG. 2d, the pre-support material is applied by the tunnel method of the present invention. An example in which construction is performed so as to reach only the periphery of a tunnel excavation line so as not to interfere with a large number of pipe roofs is disclosed. That is, only the upper side surface of the tunnel excavation line is reached so as not to interfere with the pipe roof 34 in the traveling direction of the tunnel.

In FIG. 3, as described above, after the tunnel support excavation, the support material 10 is joined with the support plate 11 in the tunnel excavation line 20 with the piece plate 30, and then the side portion of the excavation line 20 that is relatively easy to excavate. Has installed the rock bolt 50 and the piece plate 30 inside the tunnel.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 a to 4 c, it is a diagram illustrating a state where the support material 10 is drilled deeper than the excavation line 20 for self-supporting reinforcement of the face. As shown in the figure, when the support material 10 is drilled deeper than the excavation line 10, the face is shear-reinforced.

  FIG. 5a shows a strip drainage 40 installed between a tunnel excavation surface and a piece plate 30 when a lining is formed using a truss plate knitted with a reinforcing bar and a short cleat in the tunnel method of the present invention. In the perspective view shown, the drainage is smoothed by continuously installing the drainage material 40 around the tunnel.

  5b and 5c are views showing the drainage device 70 installed in the space between the precast piece plate and the excavation surface in the tunneling method of the present invention. The drainage device 70 includes the piece plate 30 and the tunnel excavation line 20. Between the drain pipe 72 and the “T” -shaped connecting pipe 71 of the drain pipe 72 connected to the excavation line 20. The water draining pipe 73 having a large number of through holes 73a formed on the outer peripheral surface and the lower outer peripheral surface of the water draining pipe 73 where the through holes 73a are not formed are inserted into the draining pipe 73. A trumpet-shaped funnel 74 that prevents the flow from flowing to the upper through hole 73a side, and a cap 75 that covers the upper surface of the drain pipe 73 are configured. Such a drainage device 70 can reduce ground erosion and excessive excavation due to spring water in the tunnel, and the grouting liquid 74a blocks the through hole 73a of the drain pipe 73 when grouting on the back of the piece plate 30. Since the trumpet-shaped funnel 74 installed on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the drain pipe 73 serves as a check valve, the drain pipe 72 is smoothly drained without being blocked. The drainage device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5a and the drainage device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5b may be used in combination, or only one of them may be selectively applied depending on the ground condition and the lining condition.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the effect of applying prestress to a pre-support material when a pre-stress type pre-support material and a shell forming member such as a piece plate are connected and tightened by a support plate in the tunnel method of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a prestress type support material 60 that can apply prestress. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the prestress type support material 60 is composed of a steel rod 61 that is a tensile material, and is inserted into a polyethylene pipe 67 installed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. The projection 63 is disposed in the steel pipe 62 having the projection. A rust preventive lubricating oil 65 was applied between the steel pipe 62 and the steel rod 61 to prevent rust prevention and tensile deformation. The prestress type support material 60 is taken in by pulling the steel rod 61 as a tensile material while pressing the support plate 11 with a hydraulic jack and tightening it with the fixing tool 12 or applying tension by the torque value of the nut. be able to. The prestressed pre-support material 60 of the original ground is fixed by the frictional force between the steel pipe pipe 62 and the grouting 66 provided with the protrusion 63.

  When a shell forming member such as the support plate 10 and the piece plate 30 of the present invention is fastened and connected by the support plate 11, by applying prestress to the support material 10, ground subsidence is reduced and This increases the arching effect.

  10a to 10e show the construction sequence of the pre-support tunnel according to the present invention. First, the support material 10 is pierced and installed in a radial and vertical direction from the ground toward the tunnel excavation line 20 (FIG. 10a), and the upper section of the tunnel is excavated along the tunnel excavation line (FIG. 10b). ), The piece plate 30 is connected to the support plate 11 and the fixing tool 12 for each support material 10 in the arching line and tightened (FIG. 10c), and the lock bolt 50 is installed in the lower half section of the tunnel in the tunnel ( 10d), the construction is completed by connecting and tightening the piece plate 30 with the bearing plate 11 and the fixing tool 12 for each lock bolt 50 (FIG. 10e).

  In the super shallow tunnel with a covering of 5-6 meters shown in FIG. 8, the steel bar 61 of the prestress type support material 60 is fixed to the piece plate 30 or the concrete slab 80 installed on the ground surface above the tunnel. Then, prestress is generated by tightening the piece plate 30 against the one end of the prestress type support material 60 while excavating one end of the prestress type support material 60 in the mine. Such a construction method can be applied to earth and sand ground where the frictional force generated around the pre-support material in the earth and sand tunnel cannot be secured sufficiently, resulting in a perfect arching effect around the tunnel, an increase in shear strength, and a decrease in settlement. it can.

  FIG. 11a is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which a pre-support material is inserted into a drilled hole that is radially drilled in a guide shaft, and FIG. 11b is a front view of the large-section tunnel of the present invention. FIG. 11c is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a tunnel is excavated after construction of the support material, and a piece plate is connected and tightened to the tunnel excavation line for each support material, and FIG. 11c is a pre-support material in the large cross-section tunnel of the present invention. 11d is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a tunnel is excavated after construction, and a truss plate knitted with a reinforcing bar for each support material is connected to the tunnel excavation line and tightened, and FIG. After constructing the pre-support material, reinforced with a number of pipe roofs at equal intervals in the lateral direction of the tunnel, after excavating the tunnel, and after constructing arched steel ribs at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the tunnel on the tunnel excavation line, It is a sectional view showing a state in which tightened in conjunction with pre-supports.

  As shown in FIG. 11 b, the pre-support tunnel method according to the present invention includes a step of excavating a guide pit 21 in a large-section tunnel, and a large number of radial holes for installing the support material 10 in the guide pit 21. 22, the step of inserting the pre-support material 10 into the radial drill holes 22 formed at this stage, then grouting and curing, and excavating the tunnel along the excavation line 20 of the large section tunnel The drain plate 40 is placed on the excavation surface, and the piece plate 30 is continuously engaged with the bottom support member 10 at the lower end of the drain member 40, but is formed on the side surface of each piece plate 30. A step of installing the meshing protrusion 31 and the meshing groove 32 so as to mesh with each other to form a lining, and applying the support plate 11 to the support material 10 penetrating the piece plate 30 to tighten the fixing device 12. Ahead The method comprising crimped piece plate 30 to Hozai 10 consists.

  As shown in FIG. 11 c, the pre-support tunnel method of the present invention includes a step of excavating a guide pit 21 in a large cross-section tunnel, and a plurality of radial holes for installing the support material 10 in the guide pit 21. 22, the step of inserting the pre-support material 10 into the radial drill holes 22 formed at this stage, then grouting and curing, and excavating the tunnel along the excavation line 20 of the large section tunnel Then, although the drainage material 40 is installed on the excavation surface, and the truss plate 33 knitted with the reinforcing bar for each of the support materials 10 is continuously installed at the lower end of the drainage material 40, the truss plate 33 is penetrated. It consists of a stage in which the support plate 11 is applied to the support material 10 and the fixing device 12 is tightened to fix the rebar truss plate 33 by pressure, and a step in which a short cleat 37 is placed in the truss plate 33.

  As shown in FIG. 11d, the step of excavating the guide shaft 21 in the large cross-section tunnel, the step of forming a large number of perforated holes 22 radially to install the pre-support material 10 in the guide shaft 21, and this step After inserting the pre-support material 10 into the radial perforated holes 22 formed in step 1, a step of grouting and curing, and pipe roofs 34 at equal intervals in the transverse direction of the large cross-section tunnel were first installed in the tunnel traveling direction. After that, a drainage material 40 is installed on the lower end surface of the pipe roof 34 while excavating the tunnel, and an arch-shaped steel rib 35 is extended to the lower end of the pipe roof 40 via the drainage material 40 in the lateral direction of the tunnel. The steel plate 36 is installed between the many steel ribs 35 and the steel ribs 35 are bonded together, and then the bearing plate 11 and the fixing tool 12 are tightened. The method comprising crimped only by the steps of pouring a short cleat 37 between the pipe roof 34 and steel plate 36, made of.

In the above, the support material is divided into a steel bar type, a steel wire type, and a prestress type support material, and FIG. 12a is a cross-sectional view showing the hollow steel bar type support material of the present invention in detail, and FIG. These are sectional drawings along the EE line of Drawing 12a.

  A pressure grouting apparatus using such a hollow steel rod type support material will be described in detail. In order to excavate the pre-support tunnel, the pressure grouting apparatus for inserting the pre-support material 10 into the drill holes 22 pierced radially in the guide shaft 21 and performing pressure grouting in the drill holes 22 A center riser 112 having a large number of protrusions 111 bulging outward to maintain the center interval of the perforated holes 22 is inserted into the intermediate outer peripheral surface of the rod-shaped member having a thread ridge 110a formed on the outer peripheral surface. A plurality of steel plates 113 are connected to each other, and a hollow steel rod-type support material 110 for injecting a grouting liquid 74a into the inner surface of the perforated hole 22 and performing pressure grouting, and a hollow steel positioned on the inlet side of the perforated hole 22 After being connected to the thread of the rod type tip support material 110 and filling the hole 22 with the grouting liquid 74a through the hollow steel rod type tip support material 110, the inlet of the hole 22 is packed. Configured with a packer means 120 for grayed, the.

  The packer means 120 is coupled to a donut-shaped first stopper 121 coupled to the thread 110 a of the hollow steel rod type supporting member 110 and a thread 110 a of the supporting member 110 which is one side of the first stopper 121. The rubber packer 122 having a rubber trumpet tube installed so as to face the inlet side of the perforated hole 22, and inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the hollow steel bar type tip support material 11 on one side of the rubber packer 122, the rubber while moving An end tube 123 in which a nail-like rubber packing 123a is inserted into the outer peripheral surface so that the rubber wrapper tube of the packer 122 is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the perforation hole 22, and one end of the rubber packing 123a, The rubber packing 123a is closely attached to the rubber wrapper tube of the rubber packer 122 so that one side surface is caught by the nail-like rubber packing 123a by being inserted into the outer peripheral surface. The donut-shaped second stopper 124 that plays a role of the knitting, and the thread 110a of the hollow steel rod type support material 110 so that the rubber packing 123a moves from one side of the end tube 123 toward the rubber wrapper tube of the rubber packer 122. And an insertion pipe 125 that is screwed together.

  The coupler 113 is installed on the outer peripheral surface of the screw thread 110a, which is a part for connecting a plurality of hollow steel rod type tip support members 110, and a lock pin 113a is provided on the inner peripheral surface thereof so that the connected state of the tip support members 110 is not released. Has been inserted.

  On the other hand, FIG. 12c is a sectional view showing in detail the steel rod type tip support material of the present invention, FIG. 12d is a sectional view showing the steel wire type tip support material of the present invention in detail, and FIG. 12d is a cross-sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. 12d, and FIG. 12f is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG in FIG. 12d.

  In FIG. 12 c, since the steel rod type support material 114 does not have a hollow hole, a grout hose 114 a for injecting the grouting liquid 74 a into the hole 22 is coupled along the side surface of the steel rod type support material 114.

  Then, as shown in FIGS. 12d to 12f, the steel wire type pre-support material 115 has a grout hose 114a passing through the center of the perforated hole 22 inserted in the center holes of the first and second spacers 115a and 115b. A number of steel wires 115c are inserted into the outer peripheral surfaces of the first and second spacers 115a and 115b.

FIG. 13 a is a cross-sectional view showing the insertion pipe 125. The insertion pipe 125 is filled with a grouting liquid through a hollow hole of the hollow steel rod tip support material 110 and filled in the perforated hole 22, and then rubber packing. the Tankan 123 with 123a so as to close contact with the Gomurappa tube inside the rubber packer 122 as shown in FIG. 13c, screwed into Nishiitoyama 110a of the hollow steel rod type pre-support 110, the injection of grouting fluid is completed In order to facilitate such operation, the inner surface of the insertion pipe 125 is rust-proofed with lubricating oil 125a and is attached with a number of anti-removal couplers 125b. Has been. And the removal lever 125c is couple | bonded with the edge part of the insertion pipe 125 located in the guide shaft 21 so that the insertion pipe 125 may be rotated at the time of disassembly.

  FIG. 14a is a sectional view showing a state before the operation of the air packer device with respect to the hollow steel rod type tip support material of the present invention, and FIG. 14b is after the operation of the air packer device with respect to the hollow steel rod type tip support material of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a state. As shown in FIGS. 14 a and 14 b, the packer means 120 includes a hollow pipe 131 coupled to a thread 110 a of the hollow steel rod type support material 110 on the inlet side of the hole 22, and a hollow pipe 131. An air packer 132 that is coupled to the outer peripheral surface and is filled with air to tightly pack the inner peripheral surface of the hole 22, a doughnut-shaped third stopper 133 that is bonded to one side of the air packer 132, and the hole 22 A donut-shaped fourth stopper 135 is formed which is coupled to the other side of the air packer 132 on the inlet side and has an inlet for filling the air packer 132 with air through the packer pressurizing hose 134.

  15a is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a charge hole is installed in a drilling hole to a main tunnel excavation line in a large tunnel tunnel according to the present invention, and FIG. 15b is a plan view of FIG. 15a. 15c is a cross-sectional view showing in detail the “I” portion of FIG. 15b.

  A pre-support material protection device that prevents the pre-support material 110 from being damaged by blasting when the charge is blasted by installing the charge in the drilling hole 22 up to the main tunnel excavation line 20 in the guide tunnel 21 of the large section tunnel. Inserts a polyethylene foam pipe 141 into the outer peripheral surface of the end pipe 123 on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow steel rod type tip support material 110 inserted into the drilling hole 22 formed outside the main tunnel excavation line 20, A filling bag 142 in which polyethylene foam 142a and sand 142b for rupture pressure attenuation are sequentially placed is arranged at the inlet side end of the rod-type support material 110, and a low-velocity explosive is loaded on one side of the filling bag 142. The medicine 143 and the sand fortification 144 are repeatedly forcibly blasted.

  FIG. 16a is a cross-sectional view showing a drilling device that pierces drill holes radially in the shaft of the large-section tunnel of the present invention, and FIG. 16b is coupled to the guide beam of the drilling device of the large-section tunnel of the present invention. FIG. 16c is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the piercing rod rotates according to a change in the rotation angle, and FIG. 16c is a plan view showing the piercing device of the present invention.

  A large number of drilling devices that are installed in the shaft to excavate the pre-support tunnel and pierce the drill holes radially toward the tunnel excavation line have a power transmission device installed in the length direction of the tunnel. A main body 151, an out hydraulic lift 152 which is installed on both front and rear sides of the main body 151 and adjusts the height while supporting the main body 151, and the center of the main body 151 while being positioned on the longitudinal center line of the guide shaft 21 A central shaft 153 rotatably supported by the section, and a drilling means 154 vertically coupled to one end on the front side of the central shaft 153 and drilling a large number of drilling holes 22 while rotating in the lateral direction of the guide shaft 21; And a spirit level 155 that is connected to one end on the rear side of the central shaft 153 and is installed to check the horizontal state of the main body 151 and adjust the out hydraulic lift 152.

  The piercing means 154 has a guide beam 154b vertically coupled to one end on the front side of the central shaft 153 with a shaft rotating device 154a interposed therebetween, and is coupled to the guide beam 154b to pierce the piercing hole 22, and the guide beam 154b is radial. When the rotation angle α with reference to the horizontal line becomes an obtuse angle, the shaft rotation device 154a rotates with the guide beam 154b rotated 180 degrees, and the piercing rod 154c rotates.

  The guide shaft 21 excavates the cross section of the guide shaft 21 so that the radial center point of the crown portion 20 a of the main tunnel excavation line 20 coincides with the radial center point of the crown portion 21 a of the guide shaft 21.

  This drilling device is a means for installing the pre-support material in the guide shaft 21 with an accurate system. In order to perform such mechanized construction, first, the tunnel cross section has a radius as much as possible in the tunnel design. The crown portions 20a, 21a of at least 120 degrees must be designed with one radius.

It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tip support material was variously constructed toward the excavation line of the tunnel planned from the surface before tunnel excavation in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tip support material was variously constructed toward the excavation line of the tunnel planned from the surface before tunnel excavation in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tip support material was variously constructed toward the excavation line of the tunnel planned from the surface before tunnel excavation in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the pillar part of 3 arch excavation 2 arch tunnel was constructed with the pre-support material. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tunnel was excavated after construction of the support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention, and the piece plate was connected and tightened for every support material to the excavation line of the tunnel. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tunnel was excavated after construction of the support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention, and the truss plate knitted with the reinforcing bar for each support material was connected and tightened to the tunnel excavation line. In the tunnel construction method of the present invention, a pre-support material is constructed and reinforced with a number of pipe roofs at equal intervals in the lateral direction of the tunnel, then the tunnel is excavated, and the tunnel excavation line is equally spaced in the vertical direction of the tunnel. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that it connected with the tip support material and tightened, after constructing an arch type steel rib (steel rib). It is sectional drawing constructed so that it may not interfere with many pipe roofs so that a pre-support material may reach the circumference of a tunnel excavation line in the tunnel construction method of the present invention. In the tunnel construction method of the present invention, after constructing a large number of pipe roofs at equal intervals in the lateral direction from the tunnel, after constructing arched steel ribs at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the tunnel on the tunnel excavation line, it is connected to the tip support material. It is a perspective view which shows a mode that it tightened. It is a perspective view which shows a mode that many steel ribs of this invention are connected with a steel plate. It is sectional drawing along the AA line of FIG. 2e. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that a rock bolt is constructed from the lower part of the excavation line of a tunnel in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows a mode that the pre-support material was pierced and installed deeper than the tunnel excavation line for the self-supporting reinforcement in a face in the tunnel construction method of this invention. FIG. 4b is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4a. 4b is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 4a. FIG. In the tunnel construction method of the present invention, when forming a lining using a truss plate knitted with reinforcing bars and a short cleat, a perspective view showing a state in which a belt-shaped drainage material is continuously installed around the tunnel between the excavation surface and the piece plate FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the drainage apparatus of a tunnel in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the drainage apparatus of FIG. 5b. It is sectional drawing which shows the effect by applying a prestress to a pre-support material, when a shell formation member like a prestress type pre-support material and a piece plate is connected and clamped in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the front-end | tip support prestress type front support material of D part of FIG. 6 in detail. It is sectional drawing which shows the pre-support material constructed | assembled in the shallow tunnel with a shallow earth covering in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows a reinforcing bar truss board in the tunnel construction method of this invention. FIG. 9b is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 9a. It is sectional drawing along the YY line of FIG. 9a. It is a figure which shows the construction order of a pre-support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the construction order of a pre-support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the construction order of a pre-support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the construction order of a pre-support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the construction order of a pre-support material in the tunnel construction method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state in which the pre-support material was inserted in the drilling hole drilled radially in the guide shaft by the large section tunnel of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tunnel was excavated after construction of a support material with the large section tunnel of this invention, and the piece plate was connected and tightened for every support material to the tunnel excavation line. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the tunnel was excavated after construction of the support material in the large cross section tunnel of this invention, and the truss plate knitted with the reinforcing bar for each support material was connected and tightened to the tunnel excavation line. In the large cross-section tunnel of the present invention, a pre-support material is constructed, a pipe roof having a wide interval in the lateral direction of the tunnel is reinforced in the traveling direction of the tunnel, the tunnel is excavated, and the tunnel is excavated in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that it connected with the tip support material, and tightened, after constructing an arch-shaped steel rib in the space | interval. It is sectional drawing which shows the hollow steel rod type tip support material of this invention in detail. It is sectional drawing along the EE line of FIG. 12a. It is sectional drawing which shows the steel rod type tip support material of this invention in detail. It is sectional drawing which shows the steel wire type tip support material of this invention in detail. It is sectional drawing along the FF line of FIG. 12d. It is sectional drawing along the GG line of FIG. 12d. It is sectional drawing which shows the pre-support material insertion pipe | tube of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the "H" part of FIG. 12a in detail before the advance support material insertion pipe | tube of this invention is clamped. It is sectional drawing which shows the "H" part of FIG. 12a after the front support material insertion pipe | tube of this invention was clamped | operated. It is sectional drawing which shows the state before the operation | movement of the air packer apparatus with respect to the hollow steel rod type tip support material of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state after the action | operation of the air packer apparatus with respect to the hollow steel rod type tip support material of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the charge hole was installed in the drilling hole to the main tunnel excavation line in the guiding tunnel of the large section tunnel by this invention. FIG. 15b is a plan view of FIG. 15a. It is sectional drawing which shows the "I" part of FIG. 15b in detail. It is sectional drawing which shows the piercing | piercing apparatus which pierces | pierces a piercing hole radially within the guide shaft of the large section tunnel of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the piercing | rod rod couple | bonded with the guide beam of the piercing | piercing apparatus of the large section tunnel of this invention rotates with the change of a rotation angle. It is a top view which shows the punching apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Support material 11 Supporting plate 12 Fixing tool 20 Excavation line 21 Drilling hole 22 Drilling hole 30 Piece plate 31 Engagement protrusion 32 Engagement groove 33 Truss plate 34 Pipe roof 35 Steel rib 36 Steel plate 37 Short cleat 40 Drainage material 50 Rock bolt 60 Prestress type support material 61 Steel bar 62 Steel pipe pipe 63 Protrusion 65 Rust preventive oil 66 Grouting 67 Polyethylene pipe 70 Drainage device 71 “T” -shaped connecting pipe 72 Drain pipe 73 Drain pipe 73a Through hole 74 Trumpet-shaped funnel 74a Grouting liquid 110 Hollow steel rod type support material 110a Screw thread 111 Projection 112 Center riser 113 Coupler 113a Lock pin 120 Packer means 121, 124 First and second stoppers 122 Rubber packer 123 End tube 123a Rubber pad King 125 Insertion pipe 131 Hollow pipe 132 Air packer 133, 135 Third and fourth stoppers 134 Packer pressure hose 141 Polyethylene foam pipe 142 Filled bag 142a Polyethylene foam 142b Sand 143 Packing 144 Sand fill 151 Main body 152 Out Hydraulic lift 153 Central shaft 154 Drilling means 154a Shaft rotating device 154b Guide beam 154c Drilling rod 155 Level

Claims (12)

Drilling a number of support materials from the ground surface toward the planned tunnel excavation line and grouting;
Drilling a tunnel along the tunnel excavation line;
Installing each piece of the support plate in such a way that the piece plates are continuously engaged with each other, and the engagement protrusions and engagement grooves formed on the side surfaces of each piece plate are engaged with each other to form a lining; and
Applying a pressure plate to the support material penetrating the piece plate and tightening the fixing tool to fix the piece plate to the support material by pressure bonding; and
A pre-supported tunnel construction method characterized by including Drilling a number of support materials from the ground surface toward the planned tunnel excavation line and grouting;
Drilling a tunnel along the tunnel excavation line;
Although the truss plates knitted with reinforcing bars are continuously installed for each of the support members, the step of applying the support plate to the support material penetrating the truss plate and tightening the fixing tool to fix the reinforcing bar truss plates by pressure When,
Placing a short cleat in the truss plate;
A pre-supported tunnel construction method characterized by including Drilling a number of support materials from the ground surface toward the planned tunnel excavation line and grouting;
After first installing pipe roofs at equal intervals in the lateral direction of the tunnel in the traveling direction of the tunnel, arched steel ribs are installed in the traveling direction of the tunnel while excavating the tunnel,
A step in which a steel plate is installed between the plurality of steel ribs and these steel ribs are bonded to each other, and then the pressure plate and the fixing tool are fastened and fixed by pressure bonding;
Placing a short cleat between the pipe roof and the steel plate, and a pre-supported tunnel construction method. The pre-support tunnel construction method according to claim 3, wherein the pre-support material is installed up to the upper periphery of the main tunnel excavation line so as not to interfere with the pipe roof. The pre-supporting tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the pre-support material further includes a step of drilling deeply below a tunnel excavation line for self-supporting reinforcement of the face. Construction method. The pre-supporting tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pre-supporting material is installed up to the bottom surface of the tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel side wall in order to reinforce the tunnel side wall. The pre-support, when pressurizing the pressure bearing plate by the reaction force, characterized in that it applied by prestressing type pre-support to allow prestressing occurs, according to any one of claims 1 to 3 The pre-support tunnel construction method. Construction of the prestress type support material, drilling from the ground surface toward the tunnel excavation line, inserting the prestress type support material,
One end of a steel rod, which is a tensile material inserted into the lubrication pipe, is fixedly arranged on the inner peripheral surface of a steel pipe pipe with a number of protrusions on the outer peripheral surface so that the steel rod in the steel pipe pipe can be freely deformed. A step of inserting a pre-stress type support material coated with a rust-preventive lubricating oil on the outer peripheral surface of the steel rod and the inner peripheral surface of the steel pipe pipe into the hole drilled in the above step;
Grouting into a perforated hole which is an outer peripheral surface of the prestress type pre-support material inserted in the step;
The pre-supported tunnel construction method according to claim 7 , comprising: When construction the prestressing type pre-support shallow tunnel of overburden, the end of the prestressing type pre-support, characterized in that secured to the installed concrete slab on the ground surface, according to claim 7 or 8. The pre-support tunnel construction method according to 8 . When the pre-support material is constructed in a 3-arch excavation 2-arch tunnel, the pre-support material is installed deeper than the construction base surface of the tunnel from the ground surface. The pre-support tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the pre-support material is constructed so as to form a pillar portion of the tunnel before excavation of the three-arch excavation and the two-arch tunnel. The pre-supported tunnel construction method according to claim 2, wherein the truss plates are welded in a truss form in the vertical and horizontal directions of the tunnel, and the truss plates are continuously installed by lap joints of reinforcing bars. . The pre-supported tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , further comprising a step of installing a drainage material on a tunnel excavation surface when there is spring water at the time of excavation of the tunnel.

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