CN108868820A - A kind of soft soil foundation shield tunnel subsidence control structure and application method - Google Patents
A kind of soft soil foundation shield tunnel subsidence control structure and application method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构及使用方法，包括隧道衬砌管片、沿管片径向设置的拉杆和设于隧道拱顶上方土体中的锚定板，在隧道拱顶管片内壁设有钢垫板，所述钢垫板与管片曲率一致，所述拉杆的一端与钢垫板相连，另一端穿过管片预留孔及土体后与锚定板相连。本发明通过在隧道拱顶管片内壁设置钢垫板，能够与管片很好地贴合成为一个整体受力体系，增强隧道整体强度，控制隧道差异性沉降；通过拉杆连接隧道拱顶管片与锚定板，在管片下沉时，锚定板拖动其下方的土体共同下沉，产生向上的阻力，隧道若继续沉降则需要再拖动锚定板下方土体共同下沉，可减小隧道沉降量，从而达到控制隧道沉降的目的。
The invention discloses a subsidence control structure of a shield tunnel on a soft ground foundation and a method for using it, comprising a tunnel lining segment, tie rods arranged radially along the segment, and an anchor plate arranged in the soil above the tunnel vault. The inner wall of the arch segment is provided with a steel backing plate, the steel backing plate is consistent with the curvature of the segment, one end of the tie rod is connected to the steel backing plate, and the other end passes through the reserved hole of the segment and the soil and connects with the anchor plate connected. In the present invention, a steel backing plate is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel vault segment, which can be well fitted with the segment to form an overall force-bearing system, enhance the overall strength of the tunnel, and control the differential settlement of the tunnel; the tunnel vault segment is connected by tie rods With the anchor plate, when the segment sinks, the anchor plate drags the soil below it to sink together, generating upward resistance. If the tunnel continues to settle, it needs to drag the soil below the anchor plate to sink together. It can reduce the settlement of the tunnel, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the settlement of the tunnel.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及盾构隧道施工领域，特别涉及一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构及使用方法。The invention relates to the field of shield tunnel construction, in particular to a settlement control structure and a use method of a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation.
背景技术Background technique
随着城市交通的发展，地铁逐渐得到各大城市的重视。在地铁修建过程中，许多盾构隧道将会穿越软弱地层。在软弱地层中，隧道底部土体反力总是小于未修建隧道时此处原有土体自重压力，隧道下部土体压缩模量有所降低，并且在地铁运营等扰动下，隧道下部土体次固结会长期进行，所产生的沉降量不可小视。若地铁隧道运营期逐步产生差异沉降等病害，地铁隧道衬砌极可能发生弯曲破坏、弯曲张拉、挤压剪切、纵向断裂等灾害问题，对地铁的运营带来极大的安全隐患，因此有必要对隧道沉降进行研究控制。With the development of urban transportation, the subway has gradually gained the attention of major cities. During the construction of the subway, many shield tunnels will pass through weak ground. In weak strata, the soil reaction force at the bottom of the tunnel is always less than the original soil self-weight pressure when the tunnel is not built, and the compression modulus of the soil in the lower part of the tunnel decreases. The secondary consolidation will go on for a long time, and the resulting settlement cannot be underestimated. If diseases such as differential settlement gradually occur during the operation period of the subway tunnel, disasters such as bending failure, bending tension, extrusion shearing, and longitudinal fracture are likely to occur in the lining of the subway tunnel, which will bring great safety hazards to the operation of the subway. It is necessary to study and control tunnel settlement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于：针对软土地基盾构隧道开挖土体重力小于隧道盾构管片重力，引起隧道下方沉降，对隧道衬砌造成破坏，对正常运营带来隐患的问题，提供一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构，通过在隧道拱顶设置拉杆，从而将隧道管片拉在土体中，从而达到控制隧道沉降的目的，该结构在软土地基沉降严重区域可以起到控制沉降的效果。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soft soil for the excavation of shield tunnels on soft soil foundations where the gravity of the soil is less than the gravity of the tunnel shield segment, which causes the subsidence of the tunnel, damages the tunnel lining, and brings hidden dangers to normal operation. The subsidence control structure of the foundation shield tunnel can control the subsidence of the tunnel by setting tie rods on the tunnel vault to pull the tunnel segments in the soil. Effect.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构，包括隧道衬砌管片、沿管片径向设置的拉杆和设于隧道拱顶上方土体中的锚定板，在隧道拱顶管片内壁设有钢垫板，所述钢垫板与管片曲率一致，所述拉杆的一端与钢垫板相连，另一端穿过管片预留孔及土体后与锚定板相连。A settlement control structure for a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation, comprising a tunnel lining segment, tie rods arranged radially along the segment, and an anchor plate arranged in the soil above the tunnel vault. A steel backing plate, the steel backing plate has the same curvature as the segment, one end of the pull rod is connected to the steel backing plate, and the other end is connected to the anchor plate after passing through the reserved hole of the segment and the soil body.
本发明通过在隧道拱顶管片内壁设置钢垫板，由于钢垫板与管片曲率一致，能够与管片很好地贴合成为一个整体受力体系，增强隧道整体强度，控制隧道差异性沉降；通过拉杆连接盾构隧道上部管片与地面锚定板，在管片下沉的同时，锚定板拖动其下方的土体共同下沉，产生向上的阻力，隧道若继续沉降则需要再拖动锚定板下方土体共同下沉，可减小隧道沉降量，从而达到控制隧道沉降的目的；同时克服了现有技术中注浆范围大，注浆压力不易控制，经济性不强的缺点，抗沉降结构与盾构管片合为一体，且实际沉降量测量监控方便。In the present invention, a steel backing plate is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel vault segment. Since the curvature of the steel backing plate and the segment is consistent, the steel backing plate and the segment can be well fitted together to form an overall force-bearing system, which enhances the overall strength of the tunnel and controls the differences in the tunnel. Settlement: The upper segment of the shield tunnel is connected to the anchor plate on the ground through the tie rod. When the segment sinks, the anchor plate drags the soil below it to sink together, resulting in upward resistance. If the tunnel continues to settle, it will need to Then drag the soil below the anchor plate to subside together, which can reduce the settlement of the tunnel, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the settlement of the tunnel; at the same time, it overcomes the large grouting range in the prior art, the grouting pressure is not easy to control, and the economy is not strong The disadvantages are that the anti-settlement structure and the shield segment are integrated, and the actual settlement measurement and monitoring are convenient.
作为本发明的优选方案，所述拉杆布置在隧道拱顶左右20°范围内，可以减少拉杆产生的水平分力，使拉杆、管片及锚定板均处于良好的受力状况。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the tie rods are arranged within 20° left and right of the tunnel vault, which can reduce the horizontal component force generated by the tie rods, so that the tie rods, segments and anchor plates are all in a good stress state.
作为本发明的优选方案，在每一环管片上设有多根拉杆，所有的拉杆沿周向布置在隧道拱顶，可以提高对管片顶部的拉力，使管片周向受力均衡。As a preferred solution of the present invention, a plurality of tie rods are arranged on each ring segment, and all the tie rods are arranged on the tunnel vault along the circumferential direction, which can increase the pulling force on the top of the segment and balance the circumferential force of the segment.
作为本发明的优选方案，其中一根拉杆位于隧道拱顶正上方，其余拉杆左右对称布置。将拉杆采用这种结构布置，可以优化拉杆受力，同时使管片均匀受力，避免拉力集中而引起管片受损。As a preferred solution of the present invention, one of the tie rods is located directly above the tunnel vault, and the remaining tie rods are symmetrically arranged left and right. Arranging the tie rods in this structure can optimize the force on the tie rods, and at the same time make the segments evenly stressed, avoiding damage to the segments caused by concentrated tension.
作为本发明的优选方案，在隧道顶部管片上预留相应的拉杆孔，开孔孔径为15～25mm，该拉杆孔便于拉杆穿过管片与钢垫板进行连接。As a preferred solution of the present invention, a corresponding tie rod hole is reserved on the segment at the top of the tunnel, and the hole diameter is 15-25 mm. The tie rod hole is convenient for the tie rod to pass through the segment and connect to the steel backing plate.
作为本发明的优选方案，所述钢垫板为普通钢板弯制而成，预留拉杆孔，开孔大小与管片相同。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the steel backing plate is bent from an ordinary steel plate, and a tie rod hole is reserved, and the size of the hole is the same as that of the segment.
作为本发明的优选方案，所述拉杆为抗拉强度较大的钢材制成，使其能够承受较大的拉力，避免拉杆受力发生变形。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the tie rod is made of steel with high tensile strength, so that it can bear a relatively large pulling force and avoid deformation of the tie rod under force.
作为本发明的优选方案，所述锚定板为预制钢筋混凝土板，并预留拉杆孔，该锚定板便于集中批量预制后运到施工现场，成本较低，且能提高施工效率，同时可根据具体施工要求情况来调整锚定板形状和大小规格，用于为盾构顶部管片提供拉力。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the anchor plate is a prefabricated reinforced concrete plate with tie rod holes reserved. The anchor plate is convenient to be prefabricated in batches and then transported to the construction site. The cost is low, and the construction efficiency can be improved. Adjust the shape and size of the anchor plate according to the specific construction requirements to provide tension for the top segment of the shield.
作为本发明的优选方案，所述拉杆的两端与钢垫板、锚定板采用锚具进行连接锚固，从而确保拉杆两端连接牢固。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the two ends of the tie rod are connected and anchored with the steel backing plate and the anchor plate by anchors, so as to ensure that the two ends of the tie rod are firmly connected.
本发明还提供一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构使用方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for using a settlement control structure of a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation, comprising the following steps:
a、预制管片、钢垫板和锚定板并预留拉杆孔，制作拉杆并进行防锈处理；a. Prefabricate segments, steel backing plates and anchor plates and reserve tie rod holes, make tie rods and carry out anti-rust treatment;
b、拼装盾构管片及进行降水施工；b. Assembling shield segments and carrying out precipitation construction;
c、地面开槽并放入锚定板；c. Groove the ground and place the anchor plate;
d、在管片内侧安装钢垫板；d. Install a steel backing plate on the inside of the segment;
e、通过锚定板预留孔向管片方向进行钻孔，并与管片预留孔连通；e. Drill holes in the direction of the segment through the reserved holes of the anchor plate, and communicate with the reserved holes of the segments;
f、在钻孔内埋设拉杆，并将拉杆两端与钢垫板、锚定板锚固；f. Embed tie rods in the drilled holes, and anchor both ends of the tie rods with steel backing plates and anchor plates;
g、向锚定板槽内灌注混凝土填塞密实。g. Pour concrete into the anchor plate groove and fill it tightly.
该软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构的使用方法，通过预制管片、拉杆、钢垫板和锚定板并预留拉杆孔，方便运至现场进行安装，在管片拼装后进行降水施工，可以将水位控制在安全水平，然后在地面开槽并放入锚定板，同时在管片内侧安装钢垫板，通过锚定板预留孔向管片方向进行钻孔，并与管片预留孔连通，同时在钻孔内埋设拉杆，并将拉杆两端与钢垫板、锚定板锚固，并通过向锚定板槽内灌注混凝土填塞密实，使锚定板与土体结合更好，整个使用安装方法简单，容易实施，能够有效控制软土地基盾构隧道的沉降问题。The method of using the settlement control structure of the shield tunnel on soft soil foundation, through the prefabricated segments, tie rods, steel backing plates and anchor plates and reserved tie rod holes, it is convenient to transport to the site for installation, and carry out dewatering construction after the segments are assembled. The water level can be controlled at a safe level, and then grooves are made on the ground and the anchor plate is placed. At the same time, a steel backing plate is installed on the inside of the segment, and holes are drilled in the direction of the segment through the holes reserved on the anchor plate. Keep the holes connected, and bury the tie rods in the drilled holes, and anchor the two ends of the tie rods with the steel backing plate and the anchor plate, and fill the anchor plate groove with concrete to make the anchor plate and the soil better combined , the entire use and installation method is simple, easy to implement, and can effectively control the settlement problem of the soft ground shield tunnel.
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：In summary, owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1、本发明通过在隧道拱顶管片内壁设置钢垫板，由于钢垫板与管片曲率一致，能够与管片很好地贴合成为一个整体受力体系，增强隧道整体强度，控制隧道差异性沉降；1. The present invention arranges a steel backing plate on the inner wall of the tunnel vault segment. Since the curvature of the steel backing plate and the segment is consistent, it can fit well with the segment to form an overall force-bearing system, enhance the overall strength of the tunnel, and control the tunnel differential settlement;
2、通过拉杆连接盾构隧道上部管片与地面锚定板，在管片下沉的同时，锚定板拖动其下方的土体共同下沉，产生向上的阻力，隧道若继续沉降则需要再拖动锚定板下方土体共同下沉，可减小隧道沉降量，从而达到控制隧道沉降的目的；2. Connect the upper segment of the shield tunnel with the anchor plate on the ground through the tie rod. When the segment sinks, the anchor plate drags the soil below it to sink together, resulting in upward resistance. If the tunnel continues to settle, it will need to Then drag the soil under the anchor plate to sink together, which can reduce the settlement of the tunnel, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the settlement of the tunnel;
3、本发明同时克服了现有技术中注浆范围大，注浆压力不易控制，经济性不强的缺点，抗沉降结构与盾构管片合为一体，且实际沉降量测量监控方便。3. The present invention also overcomes the disadvantages of large grouting range, difficult control of grouting pressure, and poor economy in the prior art. The anti-subsidence structure is integrated with the shield segment, and the actual settlement measurement and monitoring are convenient.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构立体图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the settlement control structure of a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation according to the present invention.
图2为图1中的断面示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 .
图3为本发明中的锚板示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the anchor plate in the present invention.
图4为本发明中拉杆与管片连接示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the tie rod and the segment in the present invention.
图中标记：1-锚定板，2-拉杆，3-钢垫板，4-锚具，5-管片，6-钻孔，7-锚头，8-锚板。Marks in the figure: 1-anchor plate, 2-tie rod, 3-steel backing plate, 4-anchor, 5-segment, 6-drilling, 7-anchor head, 8-anchor plate.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明作详细的说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构；This embodiment provides a settlement control structure of a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation;
如图1-图4所示，本实施例中的软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构，包括隧道衬砌管片5、沿管片径向设置的拉杆2和设于隧道拱顶上方土体中的锚定板1，在隧道拱顶管片内壁设有钢垫板3，所述钢垫板3与管片5曲率一致，所述拉杆2的一端与钢垫板相连，另一端穿过管片预留孔及土体后与锚定板1相连。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the settlement control structure of the shield tunnel on soft ground in this embodiment includes tunnel lining segments 5, tie rods 2 arranged radially along the segments, and a tunnel set in the soil above the tunnel vault. The anchor plate 1 is provided with a steel backing plate 3 on the inner wall of the tunnel vault segment. The steel backing plate 3 has the same curvature as the segment 5. One end of the tie rod 2 is connected with the steel backing plate, and the other end passes through the tube The sheet is connected with the anchor plate 1 after the hole and the soil body are reserved.
本发明通过在隧道拱顶管片内壁设置钢垫板，由于钢垫板与管片曲率一致，能够与管片很好地贴合成为一个整体受力体系，增强隧道整体强度，控制隧道差异性沉降；通过拉杆连接盾构隧道上部管片与地面锚定板，在管片下沉的同时，锚定板拖动其下方的土体共同下沉，产生向上的阻力，隧道若继续沉降则需要再拖动锚定板下方土体共同下沉，可减小隧道沉降量，从而达到控制隧道沉降的目的；同时克服了现有技术中注浆范围大，注浆压力不易控制，经济性不强的缺点，抗沉降结构与盾构管片合为一体，且实际沉降量测量监控方便。In the present invention, a steel backing plate is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel vault segment. Since the curvature of the steel backing plate and the segment is consistent, the steel backing plate and the segment can be well fitted together to form an overall force-bearing system, which enhances the overall strength of the tunnel and controls the differences in the tunnel. Settlement: The upper segment of the shield tunnel is connected to the anchor plate on the ground through the tie rod. When the segment sinks, the anchor plate drags the soil below it to sink together, resulting in upward resistance. If the tunnel continues to settle, it will need to Then drag the soil below the anchor plate to subside together, which can reduce the settlement of the tunnel, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the settlement of the tunnel; at the same time, it overcomes the large grouting range in the prior art, the grouting pressure is not easy to control, and the economy is not strong The disadvantages are that the anti-settlement structure and the shield segment are integrated, and the actual settlement measurement and monitoring are convenient.
本实施例中，所述拉杆2布置在隧道拱顶左右20°范围内，可以减少拉杆产生的水平分力，使拉杆、管片及锚定板均处于良好的受力状况。In this embodiment, the tie rods 2 are arranged within 20° left and right of the tunnel vault, which can reduce the horizontal component force generated by the tie rods, so that the tie rods, segments and anchor plates are all in a good force-bearing condition.
本实施例中，在每一环管片5上设有三根拉杆2，所有的拉杆沿周向布置在隧道拱顶，可以提高对管片顶部的拉力，使管片周向受力均衡，其中一根拉杆位于隧道拱顶正上方，其余拉杆左右对称布置。将拉杆采用这种结构布置，可以优化拉杆受力，同时使管片均匀受力，避免拉力集中而引起管片受损。In this embodiment, three tie rods 2 are arranged on each ring segment 5, and all the tie rods are arranged on the tunnel vault along the circumferential direction, which can increase the tension on the top of the segment and make the circumferential force of the segment equal, among which One tie rod is located directly above the tunnel vault, and the rest of the tie rods are symmetrically arranged left and right. Arranging the tie rods in this structure can optimize the force on the tie rods, and at the same time make the segments evenly stressed, avoiding damage to the segments caused by concentrated tension.
本实施例中，在隧道顶部管片5上预留相应的拉杆孔，开孔孔径为15～25mm，该拉杆孔便于拉杆穿过管片与钢垫板进行连接。In this embodiment, a corresponding tie rod hole is reserved on the segment 5 at the top of the tunnel, and the hole diameter is 15-25 mm. The tie rod hole is convenient for the tie rod to pass through the segment and connect with the steel backing plate.
本实施例中，所述钢垫板3为普通钢板弯制而成，预留拉杆孔，开孔大小与管片相同，通过螺栓与管片进行连接。In this embodiment, the steel backing plate 3 is bent from an ordinary steel plate, and a tie rod hole is reserved. The size of the opening is the same as that of the segment, and the segment is connected with the segment by bolts.
本实施例中，所述拉杆2为抗拉强度较大的钢材制成，使其能够承受较大的拉力，避免拉杆受力发生变形，可以直接采用抗拉能力较强的钢筋进行制作，拉杆的作用是为了连接上部锚定板，使其与盾构隧道管片连接为一个整体，拉杆向盾构管片传递向上的拉力。In this embodiment, the pull rod 2 is made of steel with high tensile strength, so that it can bear a large tensile force and avoid the deformation of the pull rod when it is stressed. It can be directly made of steel bars with strong tensile strength. The role of the anchor plate is to connect the upper anchor plate so that it is connected with the shield tunnel segment as a whole, and the tie rod transmits the upward pulling force to the shield segment.
本实施例中，所述锚定板1为预制钢筋混凝土板，并预留拉杆孔，该锚定板便于集中批量预制后运到施工现场，成本较低，且能提高施工效率，同时可根据具体施工要求情况来调整锚定板形状和大小规格，用于为盾构顶部管片提供向上的拉力，同时有效减小地面荷载对隧道的扰动。In this embodiment, the anchor plate 1 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete slab with tie rod holes reserved. The anchor plate is convenient to be prefabricated in batches and transported to the construction site. The cost is low and the construction efficiency can be improved. According to specific construction requirements, the shape and size of the anchor plate are adjusted to provide upward tension for the top segment of the shield, and at the same time effectively reduce the disturbance of the ground load to the tunnel.
本实施例中，所述拉杆2的两端对应与钢垫板3、锚定板1采用锚具4进行连接锚固，从而确保拉杆两端连接牢固。本实施例中锚具4由锚头7和锚板8组成，锚头7为可绕拉杆中心旋转的六角螺母，不会发生水平移动；锚板采用与钢垫板相同的材质制成，本实施例中的锚板8中部拱起，可以使与被锚固件更好地接触，同时可以提高锚板的抗压能力，并在中心位置预留出与拉杆相适应的孔，用于装配固定盾构管片内侧一头的拉杆，预留孔的大小需严格同拉杆相符合，且锚板弯曲幅度高度贴合钢垫板，达到预期加固目的。In this embodiment, the two ends of the tie rod 2 are correspondingly connected and anchored with the steel backing plate 3 and the anchor plate 1 using the anchor 4, so as to ensure that the two ends of the tie rod are firmly connected. In this embodiment, the anchor 4 is composed of an anchor head 7 and an anchor plate 8. The anchor head 7 is a hexagonal nut that can rotate around the center of the pull rod without horizontal movement; the anchor plate is made of the same material as the steel backing plate. The middle part of the anchor plate 8 in the embodiment is arched, which can make better contact with the anchored parts, and at the same time can improve the compression resistance of the anchor plate, and a hole suitable for the tie rod is reserved in the center for assembly and fixing The size of the reserved hole for the tie rod on the inner side of the shield segment must be strictly consistent with the tie rod, and the bending range of the anchor plate is highly compatible with the steel backing plate to achieve the expected reinforcement purpose.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供一种软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构使用方法；This embodiment provides a method for using a settlement control structure of a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation;
如图1-图4所示，本实施例中的软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构使用方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figures 1-4, the method for using the settlement control structure of a shield tunnel on a soft soil foundation in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a、预制管片5、钢垫板3和锚定板1并预留拉杆孔，制作拉杆2并进行防锈处理。管片采用钢筋混凝土由高精度钢模制作成型，顶部管片预留相应的拉杆孔，开孔孔径为15～25mm；钢垫板采用普通钢片预先弯制而成，预留拉杆孔，开孔大小与管片开孔大小相同，弯曲形状能与管片密切贴合；锚定板为预制钢筋混凝土板，并预留拉杆孔，可根据具体施工要求情况调整锚定板形状和大小规格；拉杆采用抗拉强度较大的钢筋制成，顶部与底端预制螺栓槽，用于连接固定管片与锚定板，为管片传递向上的拉力。a. Prefabricate segment 5, steel backing plate 3 and anchor plate 1 and reserve tie rod holes, make tie rod 2 and carry out anti-rust treatment. The segment is made of reinforced concrete and formed by high-precision steel molds. The top segment is reserved with corresponding tie rod holes with a diameter of 15-25mm; the steel backing plate is pre-bent by ordinary steel sheets, with tie rod holes reserved and The size of the hole is the same as that of the segment opening, and the curved shape can fit closely with the segment; the anchor plate is a prefabricated reinforced concrete plate, and a tie rod hole is reserved, and the shape and size of the anchor plate can be adjusted according to the specific construction requirements; The tie rods are made of steel bars with high tensile strength, and the top and bottom ends are prefabricated with bolt grooves, which are used to connect and fix the segment and the anchor plate, and transmit upward pulling force for the segment.
b、拼装盾构管片及进行降水施工。根据隧道设计轴线高精度掘进，待盾尾处千斤顶伸出距离满足管片拼装要求时，按照管片分块情况与封顶块定位情况进行盾构隧道管片衬砌拼装。拼装管片按照规范流程进行，并严格控制隧道成型质量，要求衬砌管片不得有内外贯穿裂缝或宽度大于0.2mm的裂缝，同时隧道轴线的平面位置及高程允许偏差需控制在±50mm以内。隧道洞通后，清除隧道顶部临时施工用器械，并按要求对隧道内部进行清理；同时进行降水施工，将水位控制在安全水平，确保管片预留孔打开时安全，并满足钻孔要求。b. Assembling the shield segment and carrying out precipitation construction. According to the high-precision excavation of the tunnel design axis, when the extension distance of the jack at the end of the shield meets the segment assembly requirements, the shield tunnel segment lining is assembled according to the segmentation of the segment and the positioning of the capping block. Assembling the segment is carried out in accordance with the standard process, and the quality of the tunnel formation is strictly controlled. It is required that the lining segment must not have internal and external through cracks or cracks with a width greater than 0.2mm. At the same time, the plane position and elevation tolerance of the tunnel axis must be controlled within ±50mm. After the tunnel is opened, remove the temporary construction equipment at the top of the tunnel, and clean up the interior of the tunnel as required; at the same time, carry out dewatering construction to control the water level at a safe level to ensure that the segment reserved holes are opened safely and meet the drilling requirements.
c、根据设计要求在隧道所在对应地面开挖锚定板放置槽，并放入锚定板1；c. According to the design requirements, excavate the anchor plate placement groove on the corresponding ground where the tunnel is located, and put the anchor plate 1 into it;
d、在管片5内侧安装钢垫板3。在管片内壁敷设预制好的钢垫板，对准钢垫板和管片上的预留孔，拧紧固定管片与钢垫板的螺栓，应特别注意将钢片和盾构管片的预留圆孔对齐后再进行安装固定。d. Install the steel backing plate 3 inside the segment 5. Lay the prefabricated steel backing plate on the inner wall of the segment, align the reserved holes on the steel backing plate and the segment, and tighten the bolts fixing the segment and the steel backing plate. After the round holes are aligned, install and fix.
e、通过锚定板预留孔向管片方向进行钻孔，并与管片预留孔连通。利用钻孔机进行钻孔施工，通过固定钻机以达到成孔角度与深度，成孔完成后应立即进行清孔。e. Drill holes in the direction of the segments through the reserved holes of the anchor plate, and communicate with the reserved holes of the segments. Use a drilling machine for drilling construction, and fix the drilling machine to achieve the angle and depth of the hole. After the hole is completed, the hole should be cleaned immediately.
f、在钻孔6内埋设拉杆2，并将拉杆2两端与钢垫板3、锚定板1锚固。安装盾构隧道内侧锚板，预调整拉杆埋设角度，拧紧盾构管片内侧锚头；将拉杆与地面锚定板连接，拧紧锚定板上的锚头。f. Lay tie rod 2 in borehole 6, and anchor both ends of tie rod 2 with steel backing plate 3 and anchor plate 1. Install the inner anchor plate of the shield tunnel, pre-adjust the embedding angle of the tie rod, and tighten the anchor head inside the shield segment; connect the tie rod to the ground anchor plate, and tighten the anchor head on the anchor plate.
g、向锚定板槽内灌注混凝土填塞密实，使锚定板与土体结合更好，同时可以避免从锚定板与槽之间的孔隙进行渗水。g. Pour concrete into the anchor plate groove and fill it tightly, so that the anchor plate and the soil can be combined better, and at the same time, water seepage from the pores between the anchor plate and the groove can be avoided.
包封盾构隧道内拉杆端头，重复进行上述步骤直至盾构隧道下部土层变化，不再需要沉降控制。Encapsulate the ends of the tie rods in the shield tunnel, and repeat the above steps until the soil layer in the lower part of the shield tunnel changes, and settlement control is no longer required.
该软土地基盾构隧道沉降控制结构的使用方法，通过预制管片、拉杆、钢垫板和锚定板并预留拉杆孔，方便运至现场进行安装，在管片拼装后进行降水施工，可以将水位控制在安全水平，然后在地面开槽并放入锚定板，同时在管片内侧安装钢垫板，通过锚定板预留孔向管片方向进行钻孔，并与管片预留孔连通，同时在钻孔内埋设拉杆，并将拉杆两端与钢垫板、锚定板锚固，并通过向锚定板槽内灌注混凝土填塞密实，使锚定板与土体结合更好，整个使用安装方法简单，容易实施，能够有效控制软土地基盾构隧道的沉降问题。The method of using the settlement control structure of the shield tunnel on soft soil foundation, through the prefabricated segments, tie rods, steel backing plates and anchor plates and reserved tie rod holes, it is convenient to transport to the site for installation, and carry out dewatering construction after the segments are assembled. The water level can be controlled at a safe level, and then grooves are made on the ground and the anchor plate is placed. At the same time, a steel backing plate is installed on the inside of the segment, and holes are drilled in the direction of the segment through the holes reserved on the anchor plate. Keep the holes connected, and bury the tie rods in the drilled holes, and anchor the two ends of the tie rods with the steel backing plate and the anchor plate, and fill the anchor plate groove with concrete to make the anchor plate and the soil better combined , the entire use and installation method is simple, easy to implement, and can effectively control the settlement problem of the soft ground shield tunnel.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.
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| CN113833478A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-12-24 | 浙江理工大学 | The mechanism for preventing the sinking of the shield machine during the shutdown of the shield tunnel on soft ground |
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| CN119352560A (en) * | 2024-10-24 | 2025-01-24 | 中建八局华中建设有限公司 | A construction method for controlling the settlement of concrete pipes under soft soil foundation |
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Application publication date: 20181123 |