JP4764059B2 - Discharge tube - Google Patents

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JP4764059B2
JP4764059B2 JP2005126226A JP2005126226A JP4764059B2 JP 4764059 B2 JP4764059 B2 JP 4764059B2 JP 2005126226 A JP2005126226 A JP 2005126226A JP 2005126226 A JP2005126226 A JP 2005126226A JP 4764059 B2 JP4764059 B2 JP 4764059B2
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discharge
case member
gap
electrode portion
discharge tube
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JP2006302807A (en
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孝一 今井
陽一 松山
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Okaya Electric Industry Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は放電管に係り、特に、プロジェクターや自動車のメタルハライドランプ等の高圧放電ランプや、ガス調理器等の着火プラグに、点灯用又は着火用の定電圧を供給するためのスイッチングスパークギャップとして、或いは、サージ電圧を吸収するためのガスアレスタ(避雷管)として好適に使用できる放電管に関する。   The present invention relates to a discharge tube, in particular, as a switching spark gap for supplying a constant voltage for lighting or ignition to a high-pressure discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp of a projector or an automobile, or an ignition plug of a gas cooker, Or it is related with the discharge tube which can be used conveniently as a gas arrester (lightning arrester) for absorbing a surge voltage.

この種の放電管として、本出願人は、先に特開2003−7420号を提案した。この放電管60は、図3に示すように、両端が開口した絶縁材よりなる円筒状のケース部材62の両端開口部を、放電電極を兼ねた一対の蓋部材64,64で気密に閉塞することによって気密外囲器66を形成し、該気密外囲器66内に、所定の放電ガスを封入してなる。   As this type of discharge tube, the present applicant has previously proposed Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-7420. As shown in FIG. 3, the discharge tube 60 hermetically closes both end openings of a cylindrical case member 62 made of an insulating material having both ends opened by a pair of lid members 64 and 64 that also serve as discharge electrodes. Thus, the hermetic envelope 66 is formed, and a predetermined discharge gas is sealed in the hermetic envelope 66.

上記蓋部材64は、気密外囲器66の中心に向けて大きく突き出た平面状の放電電極部68と、ケース部材62の端面に接する接合部70を備えており、両蓋部材64,64の放電電極部68,68間には、所定の放電間隙72が形成されている。
また、上記ケース部材62の内壁面74には、微小放電間隙76を隔てて対向配置された一対のトリガ放電膜78,78が、複数組形成されている。一対のトリガ放電膜78,78の内、一方のトリガ放電膜78は、一方の放電電極部68と電気的に接続され、他方のトリガ放電膜78は、他方の放電電極部68と電気的に接続されている。
上記放電電極部68の表面には、放電開始電圧の安定に効果的なアルカリヨウ化物が含有された絶縁性の被膜80が形成されている。
上記気密外囲器66内に封入する放電ガスとしては、例えば、アルゴン、ネオン、ヘリウム、キセノン等の希ガスあるいは窒素ガス等の不活性ガスの単体又は混合ガスが該当する。
The lid member 64 includes a flat discharge electrode portion 68 that protrudes greatly toward the center of the hermetic envelope 66, and a joint portion 70 that contacts the end surface of the case member 62. A predetermined discharge gap 72 is formed between the discharge electrode portions 68 and 68.
A plurality of pairs of trigger discharge films 78, 78 are formed on the inner wall surface 74 of the case member 62 so as to face each other with a minute discharge gap 76 therebetween. Of the pair of trigger discharge films 78, 78, one trigger discharge film 78 is electrically connected to one discharge electrode portion 68, and the other trigger discharge film 78 is electrically connected to the other discharge electrode portion 68. It is connected.
On the surface of the discharge electrode portion 68, an insulating film 80 containing an alkali iodide effective for stabilizing the discharge starting voltage is formed.
As the discharge gas sealed in the hermetic envelope 66, for example, a rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon, or an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or a mixed gas is applicable.

上記構成を備えた放電管60の放電電極部68,68間に、当該放電管60の放電開始電圧以上の電圧が印加されると、トリガ放電膜78,78間の微小放電間隙76に電界が集中し、これにより微小放電間隙76に電子が放出されてトリガ放電としての沿面コロナ放電が発生する。次いで、この沿面コロナ放電は、電子のプライミング効果によってグロー放電へと移行する。そして、このグロー放電が放電電極部68,68間の放電間隙72へと転移し、主放電としてのアーク放電に移行するのである。   When a voltage equal to or higher than the discharge start voltage of the discharge tube 60 is applied between the discharge electrode portions 68, 68 of the discharge tube 60 having the above-described configuration, an electric field is generated in the minute discharge gap 76 between the trigger discharge films 78, 78. As a result, electrons are emitted into the minute discharge gap 76, and creeping corona discharge as a trigger discharge is generated. Next, this creeping corona discharge shifts to glow discharge due to an electron priming effect. Then, this glow discharge is transferred to the discharge gap 72 between the discharge electrode portions 68 and 68, and is transferred to arc discharge as the main discharge.

上記従来の放電管60にあっては、放電電極部68の表面に、放電開始電圧の安定に効果的なアルカリヨウ化物の含有された被膜80を形成したことにより、数msという短い間隔で動作させた場合や立ち上がり時間の早いサージ電圧が印加された場合においても、常に安定した放電開始電圧を得ることができる。
また、上記放電管60にあっては、放電回数が約200万回となっても放電開始電圧に大きな変化はなく、放電管60の長寿命化を図ることもできる。
特開2003−7420号
In the above-described conventional discharge tube 60, the coating 80 containing alkali iodide effective for stabilizing the discharge starting voltage is formed on the surface of the discharge electrode portion 68, so that it operates at a short interval of several ms. Even when a surge voltage with a fast rise time is applied, a stable discharge start voltage can always be obtained.
In the discharge tube 60, even when the number of discharges reaches about 2 million times, the discharge start voltage does not change greatly, and the life of the discharge tube 60 can be extended.
JP 2003-7420 A

上記の通り、放電管60の放電電極部68の表面に、放電開始電圧の安定に効果的なアルカリヨウ化物の含有された被膜80を形成することにより、比較的長寿命な放電管を実現することが可能である。
しかしながら、上記従来の放電管60の寿命特性も必ずしも満足の得られる水準とはいえず、更なる長寿命な放電管の出現が望まれていた。
As described above, a relatively long-life discharge tube is realized by forming the coating 80 containing alkali iodide effective for stabilizing the discharge start voltage on the surface of the discharge electrode portion 68 of the discharge tube 60. It is possible.
However, the life characteristics of the conventional discharge tube 60 are not necessarily satisfactory, and the appearance of a discharge tube with a longer life has been desired.

本発明は、上記要請に応えるためになされたものであり、その目的とするところは、放電回数が多くなっても安定した放電開始電圧を得ることのできる長寿命な放電管の実現にある。   The present invention has been made to meet the above-mentioned demands, and an object of the present invention is to realize a long-life discharge tube capable of obtaining a stable discharge start voltage even when the number of discharges is increased.

本発明者らは、放電管を構成する各種部材(ケース部材、放電電極部、放電間隙)相互の寸法割合について種々検討を試みた結果、ケース部材の内径に対する放電電極部の径の割合が一定範囲内にある場合、ケース部材の全長に対する放電間隙長の割合が一定範囲内にある場合に、放電管の寿命特性の向上に効果的であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。   As a result of various studies on the dimensional ratios among various members (case member, discharge electrode portion, discharge gap) constituting the discharge tube, the present inventors have found that the ratio of the diameter of the discharge electrode portion to the inner diameter of the case member is constant. When it is within the range, when the ratio of the discharge gap length to the total length of the case member is within a certain range, it has been found to be effective in improving the life characteristics of the discharge tube, and the present invention has been completed. It is.

すなわち、本発明の請求項1に係る放電管は、
両端が開口した絶縁材よりなる円筒状のケース部材の両端開口部を、放電電極を兼ねた一対の蓋部材で気密に閉塞することによって気密外囲器を形成すると共に、気密外囲器内に配置される上記蓋部材の略円柱状の放電電極部間に放電間隙を形成し、また、上記ケース部材の内壁面に、その両端が上記蓋部材と微小放電間隙を隔てて対向配置されたトリガ放電膜を形成すると共に、上記気密外囲器内に、所定の放電ガスを封入して成る放電管であって、上記ケース部材の内径に対する放電電極部の径の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定すると共に、上記ケース部材の全長に対する放電間隙の間隙長の割合を、10〜45%の範囲に設定したことを特徴とする。
That is, the discharge tube according to claim 1 of the present invention is
Both ends of the cylindrical case member made of an insulating material having both ends opened are hermetically closed by a pair of lid members that also serve as discharge electrodes, thereby forming an airtight envelope and in the airtight envelope. A trigger in which a discharge gap is formed between the substantially cylindrical discharge electrode portions of the lid member to be arranged, and both ends of the case member are opposed to the inner wall surface of the case member with a minute discharge gap therebetween. A discharge tube in which a discharge film is formed and a predetermined discharge gas is sealed in the hermetic envelope, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the discharge electrode portion to the inner diameter of the case member is 50 to 80%. The ratio of the gap length of the discharge gap to the total length of the case member is set to a range of 10 to 45% .

本発明の請求項1に係る放電管にあっては、ケース部材の内径に対する放電電極部の径の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定すると共に、ケース部材の全長に対する放電間隙の間隙長の割合を10〜45%の範囲に設定したことにより、放電回数が約600万回と多くなっても安定した放電開始電圧を得ることができ、長寿命な放電管を実現することができる。 In the discharge tube according to claim 1 of the present invention, the ratio of the diameter of the discharge electrode portion to the inner diameter of the case member is set in the range of 50 to 80%, and the gap length of the discharge gap with respect to the entire length of the case member By setting the ratio in the range of 10 to 45%, a stable discharge start voltage can be obtained even when the number of discharges increases to about 6 million times, and a long-life discharge tube can be realized.

本発明に係る放電管10は、図1及び図2に示すように、両端が開口したセラミック等の絶縁材よりなる円筒状のケース部材12の両端開口部を、放電電極を兼ねた一対の蓋部材14,14で気密に閉塞することによって気密外囲器16を形成してなる。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a discharge tube 10 according to the present invention has a pair of lids that serve as discharge electrodes at both ends of a cylindrical case member 12 made of an insulating material such as ceramic with both ends open. An airtight envelope 16 is formed by airtightly closing the members 14 and 14.

上記蓋部材14は、気密外囲器16の中心に向けて大きく突き出た略円柱状の放電電極部18と、ケース部材12の端面に接する接合部20を備えており、両蓋部材14,14の放電電極部18,18間には、所定の放電間隙22が形成されている。
上記円筒状のケース部材12と略円柱状の放電電極部18は、図2に示すように、同心円状に配置されている。
また、上記ケース部材12の内壁面24には、その両端が、放電電極を兼ねた上記蓋部材14,14と微小放電間隙26を隔てて対向配置された線状のトリガ放電膜28が複数形成されている。該トリガ放電膜28は、カーボン系材料等の導電性材料で構成されている。
The lid member 14 includes a substantially cylindrical discharge electrode portion 18 projecting greatly toward the center of the hermetic envelope 16, and a joint portion 20 in contact with the end surface of the case member 12, and both lid members 14, 14 A predetermined discharge gap 22 is formed between the discharge electrode portions 18 and 18.
The cylindrical case member 12 and the substantially cylindrical discharge electrode portion 18 are concentrically arranged as shown in FIG.
Further, a plurality of linear trigger discharge films 28 are formed on the inner wall surface 24 of the case member 12 so that both ends thereof are opposed to the lid members 14 and 14 also serving as discharge electrodes with a minute discharge gap 26 therebetween. Has been. The trigger discharge film 28 is made of a conductive material such as a carbon-based material.

本発明の放電管10においては、上記ケース部材12の内径D1(図2参照)に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合が、50〜80%の範囲に設定されている。
また、本発明の放電管10においては、上記ケース部材12の全長L(図1参照)に対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合が、10〜45%の範囲に設定されている。
例えば、ケース部材12の内径D1が6mmの場合に、放電電極部18の径D2は3.3mmに設定される。この場合のケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合は55%となる。また、ケース部材12の全長Lが4.6mmの場合に、放電間隙22の間隙長dは1.2mmに設定される。この場合のケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合は約26%となる。
In the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 (see FIG. 2) of the case member 12 is set in the range of 50 to 80%.
In the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the total length L (see FIG. 1) of the case member 12 is set in the range of 10 to 45%.
For example, when the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 is 6 mm, the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 is set to 3.3 mm. In this case, the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 is 55%. When the total length L of the case member 12 is 4.6 mm, the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 is set to 1.2 mm. In this case, the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the total length L of the case member 12 is about 26%.

上記放電電極部18の表面には、アルカリヨウ化物が含有された絶縁性の被膜30が形成されている。この被膜30は、ヨウ化カリウム(KI)、ヨウ化ナトリウム(NaI)、ヨウ化セシウム(CsI)、ヨウ化ルビジウム(RbI)等のアルカリヨウ化物の単体又は混合物を、珪酸ナトリウム溶液と純水よりなるバインダーに添加したものを、放電電極部18表面に塗布することによって形成することができる。
この場合、アルカリヨウ化物の単体又は混合物が0.01〜70重量%、バインダーが99.99〜30重量%の配合割合で混合される。また、バインダー中の珪酸ナトリウム溶液と純水との配合割合は、珪酸ナトリウム溶液が0.01〜70重量%、純水が99.99〜30重量%となされる。
On the surface of the discharge electrode portion 18, an insulating film 30 containing alkali iodide is formed. This coating 30 is made of a simple substance or a mixture of alkali iodides such as potassium iodide (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide (RbI), etc., from a sodium silicate solution and pure water. It can be formed by applying to the surface of the discharge electrode portion 18 what is added to the binder.
In this case, the alkali iodide alone or a mixture is mixed at a blending ratio of 0.01 to 70% by weight, and the binder is 99.99 to 30% by weight. Moreover, the mixing ratio of the sodium silicate solution and pure water in the binder is 0.01 to 70% by weight for the sodium silicate solution and 99.99 to 30% by weight for the pure water.

また、上記被膜30中に、臭化セシウム(CsBr)、臭化ルビジウム(RbBr)、臭化ニッケル(NiBr)、臭化インジウム(InBr)、臭化コバルト(CoBr)、臭化鉄(FeBr、FeBr)等の臭化物の1種類以上を添加すると、より一層、放電管10の放電開始電圧の安定化を図ることができる。
尚、塩化バリウム(BaCl)、フッ化バリウム(BaF)、酸化イットリウム(Y)、塩化イットリウム(YCl)、フッ化イットリウム(YF)、モリブデン酸カリウム(KMoO)、タングステン酸カリウム(KWO)、クロム酸セシウム(CsCrO)、酸化プラセオジウム(Pr11)、チタン酸カリウム(KTi)の1種類以上を、上記臭化物と共に、或いは上記臭化物以外に、上記被膜30中に添加しても、放電管10の放電開始電圧の安定化に寄与する。
これら物質は、上記アルカリヨウ化物の単体又は混合物とバインダーとの混合物中に、0.01〜10重量%の配合割合で添加される。
In the coating 30, the cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickel bromide (NiBr 2 ), indium bromide (InBr 3 ), cobalt bromide (CoBr 2 ), iron bromide ( When one or more bromides such as FeBr 2 and FeBr 3 ) are added, the discharge start voltage of the discharge tube 10 can be further stabilized.
In addition, barium chloride (BaCl), barium fluoride (BaF), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), yttrium chloride (YCl 2 ), yttrium fluoride (YF 3 ), potassium molybdate (K 2 MoO 4 ), tungsten One or more of potassium acid (K 2 WO 4 ), cesium chromate (Cs 2 CrO 4 ), praseodymium oxide (Pr 6 O 11 ), potassium titanate (K 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) together with the bromide, or In addition to the bromide, addition to the coating 30 also contributes to stabilization of the discharge start voltage of the discharge tube 10.
These substances are added at a blending ratio of 0.01 to 10% by weight in the alkali iodide alone or a mixture of the mixture and the binder.

上記気密外囲器16内には、所定の放電ガスが封入されている。この放電ガスとしては、例えば、アルゴン、ネオン、ヘリウム、キセノン等の希ガスあるいは窒素ガス等の不活性ガスの単体又は混合ガスが該当する。また、希ガスあるいは不活性ガスの単体又は混合ガスと、ハロゲンを含む気体やO等の負極性ガスとの混合ガスが該当する。 A predetermined discharge gas is sealed in the hermetic envelope 16. As this discharge gas, for example, a rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, or xenon, or an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or a mixed gas is applicable. Further, a mixed gas of a rare gas or an inert gas or a mixed gas of a gas containing halogen or a negative gas such as O 2 is applicable.

尚、上記気密外囲器16内に、原子量が大きく、且つ、熱伝導率の小さいKr(クリプトン)を含有した放電ガスを封入することにより、放電管10の寿命特性を向上させることができる。これは、以下の理由等によるものと考えられる。
すなわち、陰極側の放電電極部18は、放電生成時に常に陽イオンの衝撃を受けることによりスパッタされ、その結果、陰極側の放電電極部18の電極材料が原子状態で飛散して、放電電極部18や気密外囲器16の内壁に付着して黒化させ、これが、表面漏れ電流や気密外囲器16の内壁電位を変化させて、放電管の寿命を短くするのである。
しかしながら、Krは原子量が大きいため、放電生成時に電離したKrイオンが陰極側の放電電極部18に向かう際の加速度が小さく、Krイオンの移動速度が遅いことから、移動中にKrイオンが基底状態に戻ったり、他の分子と衝突して熱エネルギーに変換される等するため、陰極側の放電電極部18に与える衝撃が小さくなり、放電電極部18のスパッタによる消耗が抑制されると考えられる。
また、Krは熱伝導率が小さいことから、Krイオンが放電電極部18に衝突した際に、熱が放電電極部18に伝導しにくいため、放電電極部18の熱による溶融が生じにくいものである。従って、放電ガスにKrを含有すれば、放電生成時に、Krイオンが放電電極部18に衝突しても、放電電極部18が溶融して飛散するスパッタが抑制されると考えられるのである。
The life characteristics of the discharge tube 10 can be improved by enclosing a discharge gas containing Kr (krypton) having a large atomic weight and a low thermal conductivity in the hermetic envelope 16. This is considered due to the following reasons.
That is, the cathode-side discharge electrode part 18 is always sputtered by being bombarded with cations during the discharge generation, and as a result, the electrode material of the cathode-side discharge electrode part 18 is scattered in an atomic state, and the discharge electrode part 18 or the inner wall of the hermetic envelope 16 is blackened, which changes the surface leakage current or the inner wall potential of the hermetic envelope 16 and shortens the life of the discharge tube.
However, since Kr has a large atomic weight, Kr ions ionized at the time of discharge generation have a low acceleration when moving toward the discharge electrode 18 on the cathode side, and the moving speed of the Kr ions is slow. The impact on the discharge electrode portion 18 on the cathode side is reduced, and it is considered that the consumption of the discharge electrode portion 18 due to sputtering is suppressed. .
In addition, since Kr has a low thermal conductivity, when Kr ions collide with the discharge electrode portion 18, heat is not easily conducted to the discharge electrode portion 18, so that the discharge electrode portion 18 is not easily melted by heat. is there. Therefore, if Kr is contained in the discharge gas, it is considered that even when Kr ions collide with the discharge electrode portion 18 at the time of generating the discharge, the sputtering in which the discharge electrode portion 18 melts and scatters is suppressed.

尚、放電ガスを原子量の大きいKr単体で構成した場合には、長寿命となる反面、Krの移動速度が遅いことに起因する放電遅れの発生等、放電特性の低下をもたらすため、他のガスと混合して用いるのが望ましい。
例えば、放電ガスを、KrとHの混合ガスで構成すれば、原子量が小さいHにより、放電遅れの防止や、放電が持続する続流現象防止に効果がある。
また、放電ガスを、KrとArの混合ガスで構成すれば、原子量の小さいArにより、放電遅れの防止に効果がある。尚、KrとArの混合ガスに、さらに、Hを混合しても良く、この場合、Hにより、より一層、応答性能を向上させることができると共に、続流現象防止に効果的である。
さらに、放電ガスを、KrとNeの混合ガスで構成すれば、放電開始電圧の低下作用を有するNeにより、放電生成が容易になる。
放電ガスを、上記KrとHの混合ガス、KrとNeの混合ガス、KrとArの混合ガス、KrとArとHの3種類の混合ガスで構成する場合、Krは、3〜95体積%の割合で混合するのが好ましい。
すなわち、Krの混合割合が3体積%未満の場合には、寿命特性の向上効果があまり得られず、一方、Krの混合割合が95体積%を越えると放電特性の低下が大きくなるためである。
In addition, when the discharge gas is composed of Kr alone having a large atomic weight, the life becomes long, but the discharge characteristics are deteriorated such as the occurrence of discharge delay due to the slow movement speed of Kr. It is desirable to use it in a mixture.
For example, the discharge gas, if composed of a mixed gas of Kr and H 2, by atomic weight less H 2, prevention of discharge delay, discharge is effective in follow current phenomena prevent lasting.
If the discharge gas is composed of a mixed gas of Kr and Ar, Ar having a small atomic weight is effective in preventing discharge delay. Incidentally, H 2 may be further mixed with the mixed gas of Kr and Ar. In this case, the response performance can be further improved by H 2 , and it is effective in preventing the continuity phenomenon. .
Further, if the discharge gas is composed of a mixed gas of Kr and Ne, discharge generation is facilitated by Ne having a function of reducing the discharge start voltage.
When the discharge gas is composed of the above mixed gas of Kr and H 2 , mixed gas of Kr and Ne, mixed gas of Kr and Ar, and mixed gas of Kr, Ar and H 2 , Kr is 3 to 95. It is preferable to mix in the ratio of volume%.
That is, when the mixing ratio of Kr is less than 3% by volume, the effect of improving the life characteristics cannot be obtained so much. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of Kr exceeds 95% by volume, the discharge characteristics are greatly deteriorated. .

上記構成を備えた本発明の放電管10にあっては、放電電極を兼ねた上記一対の蓋部材14,14間に、当該放電管10の放電開始電圧以上の電圧が印加されると、トリガ放電膜28の両端と蓋部材14,14間の微小放電間隙26に電界が集中し、これにより微小放電間隙26に電子が放出されてトリガ放電としての沿面コロナ放電が発生する。次いで、この沿面コロナ放電は、電子のプライミング効果によってグロー放電へと移行する。そして、このグロー放電が放電電極部18,18間の放電間隙22へと転移し、主放電としてのアーク放電に移行するのである。本発明の放電管10においては、微小放電間隙26に生ずる元来応答速度の速い沿面コロナ放電をトリガ放電として利用するものであるため、高い応答性を実現できるものである。   In the discharge tube 10 of the present invention having the above configuration, when a voltage equal to or higher than the discharge start voltage of the discharge tube 10 is applied between the pair of lid members 14 and 14 also serving as the discharge electrodes, the trigger The electric field is concentrated in the minute discharge gap 26 between the both ends of the discharge film 28 and the lid members 14 and 14, whereby electrons are emitted into the minute discharge gap 26 to generate creeping corona discharge as a trigger discharge. Next, this creeping corona discharge shifts to glow discharge due to an electron priming effect. Then, the glow discharge is transferred to the discharge gap 22 between the discharge electrode portions 18 and 18, and the arc discharge is performed as the main discharge. In the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, a creeping corona discharge that is originally generated in the minute discharge gap 26 and has a high response speed is used as a trigger discharge, so that high responsiveness can be realized.

本発明の放電管10のトリガ放電膜28,28は、放電電極を兼ねた蓋部材14,14と電気的に接続されていないため、微小放電間隙26における過度な電界集中が抑制され、その結果、安定した放電開始電圧を得ることができる。
すなわち、従来の放電管60のように、トリガ放電膜78,78が、放電電極を兼ねた蓋部材64,64と電気的に接続されていると、微小放電間隙76における電界集中の度合が強いため電子が大量に放出され易いものの、放電毎の電子放出量が不安定となり易く、その結果、放電開始電圧の不安定化をもたらすことがあった。
これに対し、本発明の放電管10にあっては、トリガ放電膜28,28が、放電電極を兼ねた蓋部材14,14と電気的に接続されていないため、微小放電間隙26における電界集中の度合が弱く、電子の放出量は抑制されるものの、放電毎の電子放出量が安定し、その結果、安定した放電開始電圧を得ることができるのである。
Since the trigger discharge films 28 and 28 of the discharge tube 10 of the present invention are not electrically connected to the lid members 14 and 14 that also function as discharge electrodes, excessive electric field concentration in the minute discharge gap 26 is suppressed, and as a result. A stable discharge starting voltage can be obtained.
That is, as in the conventional discharge tube 60, when the trigger discharge films 78 and 78 are electrically connected to the lid members 64 and 64 that also serve as discharge electrodes, the degree of electric field concentration in the minute discharge gap 76 is strong. Therefore, although a large amount of electrons are likely to be emitted, the amount of electron emission for each discharge is likely to be unstable, resulting in instability of the discharge start voltage.
On the other hand, in the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, since the trigger discharge films 28 and 28 are not electrically connected to the lid members 14 and 14 that also serve as the discharge electrodes, the electric field concentration in the minute discharge gap 26 Although the degree of electron emission is weak and the amount of emitted electrons is suppressed, the amount of emitted electrons for each discharge is stabilized, and as a result, a stable discharge starting voltage can be obtained.

上記した通り、本発明の放電管10にあっては、ケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定することにより、長寿命な放電管10を実現することができる。
すなわち、ケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合が50%未満の場合には、主放電を生成する放電電極部18とトリガ放電膜28との距離が長すぎるため、トリガ放電膜28で生成される沿面コロナ放電(トリガ放電)から、放電電極部18,18間の放電間隙22で生成される主放電(アーク放電)への移行が円滑に行われず、トリガ放電膜28による放電遅れ防止機能が有効に働かない。一方、ケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合が80%を越える場合には、主放電を生成する放電電極部18とトリガ放電膜28との距離が短すぎるため、主放電の衝撃でスパッタされて飛散する放電電極部18や被膜30の構成材料がトリガ放電膜28に付着したり、主放電の衝撃でトリガ放電膜28自体がスパッタして剥離してしまい、トリガ放電膜28の放電遅れ防止機能が徐々に劣化する。従って、放電回数が多くなっても安定した放電開始電圧を得ることのできる長寿命な放電管を得るためには、上記の通り、ケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定するのが適当である。
As described above, in the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 is set in the range of 50 to 80%, so that a long-life discharge tube is obtained. 10 can be realized.
That is, when the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 is less than 50%, the distance between the discharge electrode portion 18 that generates the main discharge and the trigger discharge film 28 is too long. The transition from the creeping corona discharge (trigger discharge) generated in the discharge film 28 to the main discharge (arc discharge) generated in the discharge gap 22 between the discharge electrode portions 18 and 18 is not smoothly performed. The discharge delay prevention function due to does not work effectively. On the other hand, when the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 exceeds 80%, the distance between the discharge electrode portion 18 that generates the main discharge and the trigger discharge film 28 is too short. The constituent materials of the discharge electrode 18 and the coating 30 that are sputtered and scattered by the impact of the discharge adhere to the trigger discharge film 28, or the trigger discharge film 28 itself is sputtered and peeled off by the impact of the main discharge, and the trigger discharge. The discharge delay preventing function of the film 28 is gradually deteriorated. Therefore, in order to obtain a long-life discharge tube capable of obtaining a stable discharge start voltage even when the number of discharges is increased, the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 as described above. Is suitably set in the range of 50 to 80%.

また、上記した通り、本発明の放電管10にあっては、ケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合を、10〜45%の範囲に設定することにより、長寿命な放電管10を実現することができる。
すなわち、ケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合が10%未満の場合には、ケース部材12の全長Lに対して放電間隙22の間隙長dが狭すぎることとなり、このため封入ガス圧が高くなり、異常放電を生成することがある。一方、ケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合が45%を越える場合には、ケース部材12の全長Lに対して放電間隙22の間隙長dが広すぎることとなり、このため封入ガス圧が低くなる結果、放電時の逆拡散効果が得られず、スパッタが生じやすくなってトリガ放電膜28の放電遅れ防止機能が徐々に劣化する。従って、放電回数が多くなっても安定した放電開始電圧を得ることのできる長寿命な放電管を得るためには、上記の通り、ケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合を、10〜45%の範囲に設定するのが適当である。
Further, as described above, in the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the total length L of the case member 12 is set in the range of 10 to 45%, thereby providing a long life. The discharge tube 10 can be realized.
That is, when the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the full length L of the case member 12 is less than 10%, the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 is too narrow with respect to the full length L of the case member 12. As a result, the sealed gas pressure increases and abnormal discharge may occur. On the other hand, when the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the full length L of the case member 12 exceeds 45%, the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 is too wide with respect to the full length L of the case member 12. Therefore, as a result of the lowering of the sealed gas pressure, the reverse diffusion effect at the time of discharge cannot be obtained, and sputtering is likely to occur, and the discharge delay preventing function of the trigger discharge film 28 gradually deteriorates. Therefore, in order to obtain a long-life discharge tube capable of obtaining a stable discharge start voltage even when the number of discharges increases, the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the total length L of the case member 12 is as described above. Is suitably set to a range of 10 to 45%.

尚、放電管を動作させた場合に、その放電開始電圧が規定値の±15%以内(例えば規定の放電開始電圧が800Vの放電管の場合、680V〜920V以内)であれば使用に適した適合品とされる。因みに、この場合の「放電開始電圧」は、放電管を繰り返し動作させた場合における初回の放電開始電圧(初期放電開始電圧)に続く2回目以降の放電開始電圧、すなわち「追随放電開始電圧」のことをいう。
而して、ケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定した放電管は、放電回数が約400万回と多くなっても、放電開始電圧が規定値の±15%以内に収まり、長寿命化を実現できる。
また、ケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合を、10〜45%の範囲に設定した放電管も、放電回数が約400万回と多くなっても、放電開始電圧が規定値の±15%以内に収まり、長寿命化を実現できる。
更に、ケース部材12の内径D1に対する放電電極部18の径D2の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定すると共に、ケース部材12の全長Lに対する放電間隙22の間隙長dの割合を、10〜45%の範囲に設定した上記放電管10にあっては、放電回数が約600万回と多くなっても、放電開始電圧が規定値の±15%以内に収まり、長寿命化を実現できる。
In addition, when the discharge tube is operated, if the discharge start voltage is within ± 15% of the specified value (for example, within the range of 680V to 920V in the case of a discharge tube with a specified discharge start voltage of 800V), it is suitable for use. It is regarded as a conforming product. Incidentally, the “discharge start voltage” in this case is the second or later discharge start voltage following the initial discharge start voltage (initial discharge start voltage) when the discharge tube is operated repeatedly, that is, the “following discharge start voltage”. That means.
Thus, the discharge tube in which the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 is set in the range of 50 to 80% starts the discharge even when the number of discharges increases to about 4 million times. The voltage is within ± 15% of the specified value, and a long life can be realized.
Further, even in a discharge tube in which the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the total length L of the case member 12 is set in the range of 10 to 45%, the discharge start voltage is increased even when the number of discharges increases to about 4 million times. It is within ± 15% of the specified value, and a long life can be realized.
Further, the ratio of the diameter D2 of the discharge electrode portion 18 to the inner diameter D1 of the case member 12 is set in the range of 50 to 80%, and the ratio of the gap length d of the discharge gap 22 to the total length L of the case member 12 is 10 In the discharge tube 10 set in the range of ˜45%, even if the number of discharges increases to about 6 million times, the discharge start voltage is within ± 15% of the specified value, and a long life can be realized. .

また、本発明の放電管10にあっては、放電電極部18の表面に、放電開始電圧の安定に効果的なアルカリヨウ化物の含有された被膜30を形成したので、当該放電管10をスイッチングスパークギャップとして使用した場合、図示しないコンデンサからの高電圧パルス(数百Hz以上)を受けて、数msという短い間隔で常に一定の放電開始電圧で安定的に動作することが可能になる。   In the discharge tube 10 of the present invention, since the coating 30 containing the alkali iodide effective for stabilizing the discharge starting voltage is formed on the surface of the discharge electrode portion 18, the discharge tube 10 is switched. When used as a spark gap, it receives a high voltage pulse (several hundreds Hz or more) from a capacitor (not shown) and can always operate stably at a constant discharge start voltage at a short interval of several ms.

さらに、本発明の放電管10をガスアレスタとして使用した場合、立ち上がり時間の早いサージ電圧が印加された場合であっても、その放電開始電圧に変動を生じる、いわゆる放電開始電圧の「ゆらぎ」を生じにくく、一定の放電開始電圧で安定的に動作することが可能である。
すなわち、放電開始電圧の「ゆらぎ」現象は、サージ電圧が放電管10に印加された際に、放電の種火としての初期電子やイオンが、放電ガス分子に衝突してこれをイオンと電子に電離させるα効果、電離されたイオンが放電電極部18表面の被膜30に衝突して二次電子を放出させる二次電子放出作用(γ効果)が安定的に行われないことから生じる現象である。
しかしながら、本発明にあっては、上記被膜30に含有されたアルカリヨウ化物が放電ガス分子をイオン化させ易い性質を有しているため、気密外囲器16内には多量のイオンが存在し、この結果、安定したα効果及び二次電子放出作用(γ効果)を示すことから、放電開始電圧の「ゆらぎ」を生じにくいものとなっているのである。
Furthermore, when the discharge tube 10 of the present invention is used as a gas arrester, even when a surge voltage with a fast rise time is applied, a so-called “fluctuation” of the discharge start voltage that fluctuates in the discharge start voltage is generated. It is difficult to occur and can stably operate at a constant discharge start voltage.
That is, when the surge voltage is applied to the discharge tube 10, the initial electrons and ions as a discharge igniter collide with the discharge gas molecules and turn them into ions and electrons. This is a phenomenon that occurs because the α effect that causes ionization and the secondary electron emission action (γ effect) that causes ionized ions to collide with the coating 30 on the surface of the discharge electrode portion 18 to emit secondary electrons are not performed stably. .
However, in the present invention, since the alkali iodide contained in the coating 30 has a property of easily ionizing discharge gas molecules, a large amount of ions are present in the hermetic envelope 16, As a result, since the stable α effect and secondary electron emission effect (γ effect) are exhibited, the “fluctuation” of the discharge start voltage is less likely to occur.

本発明に係る放電管を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the discharge tube which concerns on this invention. 図1のA−A断面図である。It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. 従来の放電管を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional discharge tube.

10 放電管
12 ケース部材
14 蓋部材
16 気密外囲器
18 放電電極部
22 放電間隙
26 微小放電間隙
28 トリガ放電膜
30 被膜
D1 ケース部材の内径
D2 放電電極部の径
L ケース部材の全長
d 放電間隙の間隙長
10 discharge tube
12 Case material
14 Lid member
16 Airtight envelope
18 Discharge electrode
22 Discharge gap
26 Micro discharge gap
28 Trigger discharge membrane
30 Coating D1 Case member inner diameter D2 Discharge electrode diameter L Case member total length d Discharge gap gap length

Claims (1)

両端が開口した絶縁材よりなる円筒状のケース部材の両端開口部を、放電電極を兼ねた一対の蓋部材で気密に閉塞することによって気密外囲器を形成すると共に、気密外囲器内に配置される上記蓋部材の略円柱状の放電電極部間に放電間隙を形成し、また、上記ケース部材の内壁面に、その両端が上記蓋部材と微小放電間隙を隔てて対向配置されたトリガ放電膜を形成すると共に、上記気密外囲器内に、所定の放電ガスを封入して成る放電管であって、上記ケース部材の内径に対する放電電極部の径の割合を、50〜80%の範囲に設定すると共に、上記ケース部材の全長に対する放電間隙の間隙長の割合を、10〜45%の範囲に設定したことを特徴とする放電管。
Both ends of the cylindrical case member made of an insulating material having both ends opened are hermetically closed by a pair of lid members that also serve as discharge electrodes, thereby forming an airtight envelope and in the airtight envelope. A trigger in which a discharge gap is formed between the substantially cylindrical discharge electrode portions of the lid member to be arranged, and both ends of the case member are opposed to the inner wall surface of the case member with a minute discharge gap therebetween. A discharge tube in which a discharge film is formed and a predetermined discharge gas is sealed in the hermetic envelope, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the discharge electrode portion to the inner diameter of the case member is 50 to 80%. A discharge tube characterized in that the ratio of the gap length of the discharge gap to the total length of the case member is set to a range of 10 to 45% .
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JPH0362484A (en) * 1989-07-28 1991-03-18 Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd Gas-filled discharge tube for high voltage switch element
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