JP3290376B2 - Discharge tube and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Discharge tube and method of manufacturing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP3290376B2 JP3290376B2 JP12387697A JP12387697A JP3290376B2 JP 3290376 B2 JP3290376 B2 JP 3290376B2 JP 12387697 A JP12387697 A JP 12387697A JP 12387697 A JP12387697 A JP 12387697A JP 3290376 B2 JP3290376 B2 JP 3290376B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- gas
- electrode
- face
- material layer
- Prior art date
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- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は放電管及びその製造
方法に関し、更に詳細にはセラミック製の外囲器の両端
面に接合されて形成された気密室内にガスが封入され、
且つ前記気密室内に、前記ライン電極の各々に突設され
た柱状の放電電極の端面が所定のギャップを置いて対向
する放電管及びその製造方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a discharge tube and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a discharge tube and a gas sealed in an airtight chamber formed by joining both end surfaces of a ceramic envelope.
In addition, the present invention relates to a discharge tube in which end faces of columnar discharge electrodes protruding from each of the line electrodes face each other with a predetermined gap in the hermetic chamber, and a method of manufacturing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電気機器をサージから保護する避雷管等
に使用される放電管としては、従来、図３に示すものが
使用されている。図３に示す放電管は、セラミック製等
の外囲器４の両端面にフランジ状のライン電極１、２が
ろう付けされて形成され、且つクリプトンガス等の不活
性ガスが封入されている気密室６内に、柱状の放電電極
３ａ、３ｂの端面が所定のギャップを置いて対向するよ
うに、ライン電極１、２の各々に突設された放電電極３
ａ、３ｂが挿入されている。更に、放電を誘発し易くす
べく、外囲器４の内壁面にカーボンの細線を引いて形成
したトリガ線５、５が形成されている。かかる放電管の
ライン電極１、２に、落雷等に起因する所定電圧以上の
サージが印加されたとき、放電電極３ａ、３ｂの端面間
に放電を発生させて電子機器を保護する。2. Description of the Related Art As a discharge tube used for a lightning arrester for protecting electric equipment from surges, the discharge tube shown in FIG. 3 is conventionally used. The discharge tube shown in FIG. 3 is formed by brazing flange-shaped line electrodes 1 and 2 on both end surfaces of an envelope 4 made of ceramic or the like, and enclosing an inert gas such as krypton gas. Discharge electrodes 3 protruding from each of line electrodes 1 and 2 in closed chamber 6 such that end faces of columnar discharge electrodes 3a and 3b face each other with a predetermined gap.
a and 3b are inserted. Further, trigger lines 5 and 5 formed by drawing fine carbon wires on the inner wall surface of the envelope 4 are formed in order to easily induce discharge. When a surge of a predetermined voltage or more due to a lightning strike or the like is applied to the line electrodes 1 and 2 of the discharge tube, a discharge is generated between the end faces of the discharge electrodes 3a and 3b to protect the electronic device.
【０００３】ところで、近年、半導体装置等の部品の小
型化が進展して電気機器も小型化されつつある。このた
め、避雷管等に使用される放電管の小型化も要請され
る。一方、放電管は落雷等のサージから電気機器を保護
するものである以上、放電管の放電開始電圧等は従前の
特性が要求される。しかし、放電管の小型化に伴なっ
て、放電電極３ａ、３ｂの端面間のギャップも狭ギャッ
プ化して放電開始電圧が低下する。このため、気密室６
に封入する不活性ガスの封入圧を高くし、放電電極３
ａ、３ｂの端面間の狭ギャップ化に因る放電開始電圧の
低下を防止する。しかしながら、クリプトンガス等の従
来から使用されている不活性ガスでは、放電管の小型化
に伴う放電開始電圧の低下を、封入圧によって防止せん
とすることには限界がある。このため、本発明者は、ク
リプトンガス等の不活性ガスよりも絶縁破壊電圧の高い
窒素ガスを気密室６に封入することによって、放電管の
小型化に伴う放電開始電圧の低下を防止することを試み
た。更に、放電電圧を安定化させるべく、本出願人が先
に特願平１−１９７８５４号明細書（特開平３−６２４
８７号公報）において提案した様に、放電電極３ａ、３
ｂの対向する端面の各々に形成した凹部内に、主として
チタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3)等の誘電体物質から成る放電
安定物質層を形成した。In recent years, miniaturization of components such as semiconductor devices has progressed, and electric appliances have also been miniaturized. For this reason, it is also required to reduce the size of a discharge tube used for a lightning arrester and the like. On the other hand, since the discharge tube protects electrical equipment from surges such as lightning strikes, the discharge starting voltage and the like of the discharge tube are required to have the previous characteristics. However, with the miniaturization of the discharge tube, the gap between the end faces of the discharge electrodes 3a and 3b is also narrowed, and the firing voltage is reduced. Therefore, the airtight chamber 6
To increase the pressure of the inert gas to be filled in the discharge electrode 3
A reduction in the firing voltage due to the narrowing of the gap between the end faces a and 3b is prevented. However, in the case of a conventionally used inert gas such as krypton gas, there is a limit in preventing the reduction of the discharge starting voltage due to the downsizing of the discharge tube by the sealing pressure. For this reason, the present inventor aims to prevent a decrease in the discharge starting voltage due to the downsizing of the discharge tube by filling nitrogen gas having a higher breakdown voltage than an inert gas such as krypton gas into the hermetic chamber 6. Tried. Further, in order to stabilize the discharge voltage, the present applicant has previously disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 1-197854 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 3-624).
87), the discharge electrodes 3a, 3
A discharge stabilizing material layer mainly made of a dielectric material such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) was formed in the concave portion formed on each of the opposed end faces of b.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この様に、電気絶縁性
に富む窒素ガスが気密室６に封入され、且つ放電電極３
ａ、３ｂの対向する各端面の凹部内に放電安定物質層が
形成された放電管は、小型化しても、その放電開始電圧
を所定値に保持できる。しかしながら、窒素ガスが封入
された放電管では、放電終了した後、次の放電開が開始
する放電始電圧が所定値から変動し易いため、このまま
では実用化できないことが判明した。そこで、本発明の
課題は、主として窒素ガスが封入され、放電終了した
後、次の放電が開始する放電電圧が所定値で安定してい
る放電管及びその製造方法を提供することにある。As described above, nitrogen gas, which is rich in electrical insulation, is sealed in the hermetic chamber 6 and the discharge electrode 3 is filled with nitrogen gas.
The discharge tube in which the discharge stabilizing material layer is formed in the concave portions of the opposed end faces a and 3b can maintain the discharge starting voltage at a predetermined value even if the discharge tube is downsized. However, it has been found that in a discharge tube filled with nitrogen gas, the discharge starting voltage at which the next discharge starts after the discharge is completed tends to fluctuate from a predetermined value. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a discharge tube in which a discharge voltage at which a next discharge starts after a discharge is mainly filled with nitrogen gas and is stable at a predetermined value and a method of manufacturing the same.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、前記課題を
解決すべく、先ず、窒素ガスが封入された放電管におい
て、放電終了した後、次の放電が開始する放電開始電圧
（以下、放電終了後の放電開始電圧と称することがあ
る）が不安定となる原因について検討したところ、本発
明者は、放電によって分解された窒素ガスの分解物が放
電安定物質層に吸着されて窒素ガスの封入圧が変動する
ことに因り、放電終了後の放電開始電圧が所定値から変
動するものと考えた。このため、本発明者は、放電安定
物質層の表面等に、窒素ガスの分解物に対して不活性の
不活性物質を共存させることによって、窒素ガスの分解
物の吸着に因り窒素ガスの封入圧が変動することを防止
できるものと考え、放電安定物質層が放電電極の端面に
形成された凹部内に形成され且つ気密室内に窒素ガスが
封入されて成る放電管に、所定の交流電流で発生させた
放電を所定時間連続して発生させるエージング処理を施
した結果、放電終了後の放電開始電圧が所定値に安定化
し得ることを見出し、本発明に到達した。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor first sets a discharge starting voltage (hereinafter, referred to as a discharge starting voltage (hereinafter referred to as a discharge starting voltage) at which a discharge is completed in a discharge tube filled with nitrogen gas. After examining the cause of the instability of the discharge starting voltage after the discharge is terminated), the present inventor found that the decomposition product of the nitrogen gas decomposed by the discharge was adsorbed on the discharge stable material layer and the nitrogen gas was decomposed. It was considered that the discharge start voltage after the discharge was fluctuated from a predetermined value due to the fluctuation of the sealing pressure. For this reason, the present inventor has proposed that an inert substance which is inactive with respect to the decomposition product of nitrogen gas coexists on the surface of the discharge stabilizing material layer and the like, so that nitrogen gas is encapsulated due to adsorption of the decomposition product of nitrogen gas. It is considered that the pressure fluctuation can be prevented, and a predetermined alternating current is applied to a discharge tube in which a discharge stabilizing material layer is formed in a concave portion formed on the end face of the discharge electrode and nitrogen gas is sealed in an airtight chamber. As a result of performing an aging process for continuously generating the generated discharge for a predetermined time, the present inventors have found that the discharge start voltage after the discharge can be stabilized at a predetermined value, and have reached the present invention.
【０００６】すなわち、本発明は、セラミック製の外囲
器にライン電極が接合されて形成された気密室内にガス
が封入され、且つ前記気密室内に、前記ライン電極の各
々に突設された柱状の放電電極の端面が所定のギャップ
を置いて対向する放電管において、該気密室内に主とし
て窒素ガスから成るガスが封入されていると共に、前記
放電電極の各端面の少なくとも一部にチタン酸バリウム
を主とする放電安定物質からなる放電安定物質層が形成
され、且つ前記放電安定物質層の表面を含む放電電極の
各端面には、放電安定物質と主として窒素ガスから成る
ガス中における放電により生成された放電生成物が形成
されていることを特徴とする放電管にある。That is, according to the present invention, a gas is sealed in a hermetically sealed chamber formed by joining a line electrode to a ceramic envelope, and a columnar shape projecting from each of the line electrodes is provided in the hermetically sealed chamber. In a discharge tube in which the end faces of the discharge electrodes face each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas is sealed in the hermetic chamber, and at least a part of each end face of the discharge electrodes has barium titanate.
A discharge stable material layer mainly composed of a discharge stable material is formed, and each end face of the discharge electrode including the surface of the discharge stable material layer is formed by discharge in a gas mainly composed of the discharge stable material and nitrogen gas. Characterized in that the formed discharge product is formed.
【０００７】また、本発明は、セラミック製の外囲器に
ライン電極が接合されて形成された気密室内にガスが封
入され、且つ前記気密室内に、前記ライン電極の各々に
突設された柱状の放電電極の端面が所定のギャップを置
いて対向する放電管を製造する際に、該放電電極の各端
面の少なくとも一部にチタン酸バリウムを主とする放電
安定物質を塗布して放電安定物質層を形成し、前記気密
室内に主として窒素ガスから成るガスを封入した後、前
記放電安定物質層の表面を含む放電電極の各端面に、放
電安定物質と主として窒素ガスから成るガス中における
放電により生成した放電生成物とが形成されるように、
前記放電電極の間に連続的に放電を発生させるエージン
グ処理を施すことを特徴とする放電管の製造方法にあ
る。Further, according to the present invention, a gas is sealed in an airtight chamber formed by joining a line electrode to a ceramic envelope, and a columnar shape projecting from each of the line electrodes is provided in the airtight chamber. When manufacturing a discharge tube in which the end faces of the discharge electrodes face each other with a predetermined gap therebetween , a discharge stabilizing substance mainly composed of barium titanate is applied to at least a part of each end face of the discharge electrodes. After forming a layer and filling a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas in the hermetic chamber, the discharge electrode in each end face including the surface of the discharge stable material layer is discharged by a discharge in a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas. As the generated discharge products are formed,
An aging process for continuously generating a discharge between the discharge electrodes is performed.
【０００８】かかる本発明において、気密室内に窒素ガ
スのみを封入することによって、放電電極の端面間のキ
ャップを更に狭ギャップとすることができ、放電管の更
なる小型化を図ることができる。また、放電安定物質層
を、放電電極の各端面に形成された凹部内に形成するこ
とにより、放電安定物質層を充分な厚さに形成できる。
更に、放電電極の端面に形成した凹部を囲む壁面の端面
を、対向する他方の放電電極の端面方向に突出する凸状
曲面に形成することによって、更に安定な球面放電を発
生させることができる。この様に、主として窒素ガスか
ら成るガスが封入された気密室内において、放電安定物
質層の表面を含む放電電極の各端面に、窒素ガスから成
るガス中における放電によって生成された放電生成物を
混在させるエージング処理としては、交流電流１〜３０
ｍＡをライン電極間に印加して放電を発生させた後、引
き続き放電を２秒以上連続して発生させることが好まし
い。In the present invention, by enclosing only nitrogen gas in the hermetic chamber, the gap between the end faces of the discharge electrodes can be further narrowed, and the size of the discharge tube can be further reduced. Further, the discharge stable material layer can be formed to a sufficient thickness by forming the discharge stable material layer in the concave portion formed on each end face of the discharge electrode .
Further, by forming the end surface of the wall surface surrounding the concave portion formed on the end surface of the discharge electrode into a convex curved surface protruding in the direction of the end surface of the other opposing discharge electrode, a more stable spherical discharge can be generated. As described above, in the hermetic chamber in which the gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas is sealed, the discharge products generated by the discharge in the gas composed of nitrogen gas are mixed at each end face of the discharge electrode including the surface of the discharge stable material layer. As the aging process to be performed, the alternating current 1 to 30
After applying the mA between the line electrodes to generate a discharge, it is preferable to continuously generate the discharge for 2 seconds or more.
【０００９】本発明に係る放電管は、主としてクリプト
ン等の不活性ガスよりも絶縁破壊電圧の高い窒素ガスか
ら成るガスが封入されているため、気密室に封入された
放電電極の対向する端面間のギャップを狭ギャップ化し
ても、ガス封入圧の調整によって所定の放電開始電圧と
することができる。更に、放電電極の各端面の少なくと
も一部には、放電安定物質層が形成されているため、安
定した放電がなされる。しかも、本発明においては、放
電安定物質層の表面を含む放電電極の各端面が、放電安
定物質と主として窒素ガスから成るガス中における放電
により生成された放電生成物とによって形成されてお
り、放電終了後の放電開始電圧を所定値に安定化するこ
とができる。かかる放電生成物が、放電により生成され
た窒素ガスの分解物に対して不活性であり、窒素ガスの
分解物が放電安定物質層や放電電極等に吸着されること
を防止しているものと推察される。Since the discharge tube according to the present invention is mainly filled with a gas composed of nitrogen gas having a higher dielectric breakdown voltage than an inert gas such as krypton or the like, the discharge tube between the opposed end faces of the discharge electrode sealed in the hermetic chamber is sealed. Even if the gap is narrowed, a predetermined discharge starting voltage can be obtained by adjusting the gas filling pressure. Further, since a discharge stable material layer is formed on at least a part of each end face of the discharge electrode, stable discharge is performed. Moreover, in the present invention, each end face of the discharge electrode including the surface of the discharge stabilizing material layer is formed by the discharge stabilizing material and a discharge product generated by discharge in a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas. The discharge start voltage after the termination can be stabilized at a predetermined value. Such discharge products are inert to decomposition products of nitrogen gas generated by discharge, and prevent decomposition products of nitrogen gas from being adsorbed to the discharge stable material layer, the discharge electrode, and the like. Inferred.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】図１に、本発明に係る放電管の一
例を示す。図１に示す放電管は、セラミック製の外囲器
１４の両端面にライン電極１０、１２のフランジ部１０
ａ、１２ａがろう付けされて形成されている共に、ガス
が封入されている気密室１３内に、柱状の放電電極１０
ｂ、１２ｂの端面が所定のギャップＤを置いて対向する
ように、フランジ部１０ａ、１２ａの各々の略中央部に
突設された放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂが挿入されている。
更に、放電を誘発し易くすべく、外囲器４の内壁面にカ
ーボンの細線を引いて形成したトリガ線１６、１６が形
成されている。このトリガ線１６は、放電電極１０ｂ、
１２ｂの突出長ｌよりも若干短く設けられる。尚、トリ
ガ線の周方向の設置位置は、特に限定する必要はない
が、通常、放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂを挟んで対称位置に
設けられる。FIG. 1 shows an example of a discharge tube according to the present invention. The discharge tube shown in FIG. 1 has flange portions 10 of line electrodes 10 and 12 on both end surfaces of a ceramic envelope 14.
a, 12a are formed by brazing, and a columnar discharge electrode 10 is placed in an airtight chamber 13 in which gas is sealed.
Discharge electrodes 10b and 12b protruding from substantially the center of each of the flange portions 10a and 12a are inserted so that the end surfaces of the flange portions b and 12b face each other with a predetermined gap D therebetween.
Further, trigger lines 16 and 16 formed by drawing a thin line of carbon are formed on the inner wall surface of the envelope 4 in order to easily induce discharge. The trigger line 16 is connected to the discharge electrode 10b,
It is provided slightly shorter than the projection length 1 of 12b. The position of the trigger wire in the circumferential direction is not particularly limited, but is usually provided symmetrically with the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b interposed therebetween.
【００１１】かかる放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面に
は、図２に示す様に、凹部１８が形成され、この凹部１
８内には放電安定物質層２０が形成されている。この放
電安定物質層２０は、チタン酸バリウム(BaTiO 3 )を主と
するものである。かかる放電安定物質層２０は、水ガラ
ス(Na2SiO3) の４．０〜４．５重量％の水溶液にチタン
酸バリウム(BaTiO3)を２〜２５重量％分散させた分散液
を塗布することによって形成できる。本発明において
は、図２に示す様に、この放電安定物質層２０の表面を
含む放電電極１２ｂの端面が、放電安定物質と放電生成
物とによって形成されていることが必要である。かかる
放電生成物によって、放電終了後の放電開始電圧を所定
値に安定化できる。この放電生成物は、図２に示す様
に、放電安定物質層２０の表面を含む放電電極１２ｂの
端面に、その全面を実質的に覆うように高密度に形成さ
れていてもよく、却って放電終了後の放電開始電圧を更
に安定化できる。但し、放電生成物が形成された層２２
は、放電安定物質層２０を含む放電電極１２ｂの内方
程、図２に示す様に、放電生成物の密度は次第に減少す
る。このため、層２２と放電安定物質層２０との境界は
明確ではない。この放電生成物は、後述する様に、主と
して窒素ガスから成るガス中における放電によって生成
された放電生成物であって、凹部１８内に放電安定物質
層２０を形成した放電電極の端面間に発生させた放電に
よって形成できる。更に、図１に示す放電管では、図２
に示す様に、放電電極１２ｂの端面に形成された凹部１
８を囲む壁面の端面を、対向する他方の放電電極１０ｂ
の端面方向に突出する凸状曲面に形成している。この様
に、互いに対向する放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面を
凸状曲面に形成することによって、安定な球面放電を発
生させることができる。As shown in FIG. 2, a recess 18 is formed in each end face of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b.
In 8, a discharge stable material layer 20 is formed. The discharge stabilizing material layer 20 mainly includes barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ).
Is what you do. Such a discharge stabilizing material layer 20 is applied with a dispersion liquid in which barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of water glass (Na 2 SiO 3 ) of 4.0 to 4.5% by weight and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) in an amount of 2 to 25% by weight. Can be formed. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, it is necessary that the end face of the discharge electrode 12b including the surface of the discharge stable material layer 20 is formed of a discharge stable material and a discharge product. Such a discharge product can stabilize the discharge starting voltage after the discharge to a predetermined value. As shown in FIG. 2, this discharge product may be formed at a high density on the end face of the discharge electrode 12b including the surface of the discharge stable material layer 20 so as to substantially cover the entire surface. The discharge starting voltage after the termination can be further stabilized. However, the layer 22 on which the discharge product is formed
As shown in FIG. 2, the density of the discharge product gradually decreases toward the inside of the discharge electrode 12b including the discharge stable material layer 20. Therefore, the boundary between the layer 22 and the discharge stable material layer 20 is not clear. This discharge product is a discharge product generated by a discharge in a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas, as described later, and is generated between the end faces of the discharge electrode having the discharge stable material layer 20 formed in the recess 18. It can be formed by the discharged electric discharge. Further, in the discharge tube shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the concave portion 1 formed on the end face of the discharge electrode 12b
The other end of the wall facing the other discharge electrode 10b
Is formed in a convex curved surface protruding in the direction of the end face. In this way, by forming each end face of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b facing each other into a convex curved surface, a stable spherical discharge can be generated.
【００１２】かかる図１及び図２に示す放電管は、放電
電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各々の端面に形成した凹部１８、
１８に放電安定物質を塗布して放電安定物質層２０、２
０を形成すると共に、気密室１３内に主として窒素ガス
から成るガスを封入した後、放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの
間に放電を発生させてエージング処理を施すことによっ
て得ることができる。得られた放電管の放電安定物質層
２０、２０の表面を含む放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端
面には、放電生成物が共存する。かかる気密室１３内に
封入するガスは、窒素ガスが５０体積％以上、好ましく
は９０体積％以上、更に好ましくは窒素ガス１００％の
ガスを封入する。この窒素ガスと混合する気体として
は、クリプトンやアルゴン等の不活性ガスとすることが
好ましい。ここで、窒素ガスが５０体積％未満の混合ガ
スを気密室１３内に封入しても、放電電極１０ｂ、１２
ｂ間のギャップＤの狭ギャップ化に限界が生じる。The discharge tube shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a concave portion 18 formed on each end face of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b.
18 is coated with a discharge stable material,
In addition to forming 0, a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas is sealed in the hermetic chamber 13, and then an aging process is performed by generating a discharge between the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b. Discharge products coexist on each end face of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b including the surfaces of the discharge stable material layers 20 and 20 of the obtained discharge tube. The gas sealed in the hermetic chamber 13 is a gas containing 50% by volume or more of nitrogen gas, preferably 90% by volume or more, and more preferably 100% by nitrogen gas. The gas mixed with the nitrogen gas is preferably an inert gas such as krypton or argon. Here, even if a mixed gas containing less than 50% by volume of nitrogen gas is sealed in the hermetic chamber 13, the discharge electrodes 10b, 12
There is a limit in narrowing the gap D between b.
【００１３】また、エージング処理としては、交流電流
１〜３０ｍＡ（好ましくは１０ｍＡ）をライン電極１
０、１２間に印加して放電を発生させ、引き続き放電を
２秒以上連続して発生させることが好ましい。かかるエ
ージング処理によって、放電安定物質層２０、２０の各
表面を含む放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面に、放電生
成物を生成できる。このエージング処理において、交流
電流１〜３０ｍＡをライン電極１０、１２間に印加して
放電を発生させた後、引き続き放電を連続して発生させ
る時間が２秒未満の場合、放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各
端面に、放電生成物が実質的に生成されておらず、放電
終了後の放電開始電圧にバラツキが認められる。かかる
放電生成物は、窒素ガスの雰囲気下において放電によっ
て生成されるものであり、且つＸＭＡ(X-ray Micro Ana
lyzer)による分析によれば、窒素原子のピークが検出さ
れるため、窒素の分解物に対して不活性な窒素化合物で
あるものと考えられる。In the aging process, an alternating current of 1 to 30 mA (preferably 10 mA) is applied to the line electrode 1.
It is preferable to apply a voltage between 0 and 12 to generate a discharge, and then to continuously generate a discharge for 2 seconds or more. By such an aging process, a discharge product can be generated on each end face of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b including the respective surfaces of the discharge stable material layers 20 and 20. In this aging process, after applying an alternating current of 1 to 30 mA between the line electrodes 10 and 12 to generate a discharge, if the time for continuously generating the discharge is less than 2 seconds, the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b No discharge product is substantially generated at each end face, and a variation is observed in the discharge start voltage after the discharge is completed. Such a discharge product is generated by a discharge in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas and has an XMA (X-ray Micro Ana
According to the analysis by lyzer), a peak of a nitrogen atom is detected, and thus it is considered that the compound is a nitrogen compound which is inert to a decomposition product of nitrogen.
【００１４】得られた放電管は、放電終了後の放電開始
電圧のバラツキも少なく、且つ放電管を小型化しても、
絶縁破壊電圧の高い窒素ガスの封入圧を高くすることに
よって、放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂ間のギャップＤの狭ギ
ャップ化に伴う放電開始電圧の低下を補償できる。この
ため、従来の直径８．５ｍｍで全長１５ｍｍの放電管と
同一の放電開始電圧であって、直径４．７ｍｍ以下で全
長５．５ｍｍ以下の放電管を得ることができる。In the obtained discharge tube, the variation in the discharge starting voltage after the discharge is completed is small, and even if the discharge tube is downsized,
By increasing the filling pressure of nitrogen gas having a high dielectric breakdown voltage, it is possible to compensate for a decrease in the firing voltage due to the narrowing of the gap D between the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b. Therefore, a discharge tube having the same discharge starting voltage as a conventional discharge tube having a diameter of 8.5 mm and a total length of 15 mm, and having a diameter of 4.7 mm or less and a total length of 5.5 mm or less can be obtained.
【００１５】以上、説明してきた放電管においては、放
電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面に形成した凹部１８内に
放電安定物質層２０、２０を形成したものであるが、凹
部１８を形成することなく放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各
端面の少なくとも一部に放電安定物質を塗布して放電安
定物質層を形成してもよい。In the discharge tube described above, the discharge stable material layers 20, 20 are formed in the recesses 18 formed on the respective end faces of the discharge electrodes 10b, 12b. A discharge stable material layer may be formed by applying a discharge stable material to at least a part of each end surface of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b.
【００１６】[0016]
実施例 放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各々の端面に形成した凹部１
８、１８に、水ガラス(Na2SiO3) の４．５重量％の水溶
液にチタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3)を２．４重量％分散させ
て得た分散液を塗布して放電安定物質層２０、２０を形
成した。その後に、セラミック製の外囲器１４の両端面
にライン電極１０、１２をろう付けして形成した気密室
１３に、放電電極１０ｂ、１２ｂを封入しつつ、気密室
１３内に窒素ガスを０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 （常温換算）の
圧力で封入した。この様にして得た放電管は、直径４．
７ｍｍ以下で全長５．５ｍｍ以下であり、その放電電極
１０ｂ、１２ｂの長さｌは０．７５〜２．５ｍｍ、ギャ
ップＤは０．５〜４．０ｍｍである。次いで、得られた
放電管に、交流電流１０ｍＡをライン電極１０、１２間
に印加して放電を発生させた後、引き続き交流電流１０
ｍＡを印加して放電を２秒間連続して発生させるエージ
ング処理を行った。最終的に得られた放電管は直流放電
開始電圧が３０００Ｖを予定しているものである。EXAMPLE A concave portion 1 formed on each end face of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b
8 and 18 are coated with a dispersion obtained by dispersing 2.4 wt% of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) in a 4.5 wt% aqueous solution of water glass (Na 2 SiO 3 ) to form a discharge stable material layer. 20 and 20 were formed. Thereafter, nitrogen gas is injected into the hermetic chamber 13 while sealing the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b in the hermetic chamber 13 formed by brazing the line electrodes 10 and 12 to both end surfaces of the ceramic envelope 14. It was sealed at a pressure of 0.5 kg / cm 2 (normal temperature conversion). The discharge tube thus obtained has a diameter of 4.
The total length of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b is 0.75 to 2.5 mm, and the gap D is 0.5 to 4.0 mm. Next, an AC current of 10 mA was applied between the line electrodes 10 and 12 to the obtained discharge tube to generate a discharge.
An aging treatment was performed to apply a mA to continuously generate a discharge for 2 seconds. The discharge tube finally obtained has a DC discharge starting voltage of 3000 V.
【００１７】かかるエージング処理を施した放電管を分
解して放電安定物質層２０、２０の各表面を含む放電電
極１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面を観察したところ、放電電極
１０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面の全面は黒色物質によって覆わ
れていた。この黒色物質について、ＸＭＡによって分析
したところ、Ti原子、Ba原子、N 原子の各ピークが検出
されるため、窒素化合物から成る放電生成部と放電安定
物質として用いたチタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3)とが共存し
ているものと推定される。また、エージング処理を施し
た放電管のライン電極１０、１２間に直流電圧を印加し
て放電開始電圧を調査した。かかる調査では、放電開始
電圧を確認した後、ライン電極１０、１２間への直流電
圧の印加を止めて放電を停止させる。その後、再度、同
様にしてライン電極１０、１２間に直流電圧を印加して
放電開始電圧を測定した。同様な放電開始電圧の測定を
１０回行った。その測定結果は、最大放電開始電圧が３
０６８Ｖ、最小放電開始電圧が２８９１Ｖ、平均放電開
始電圧が２９６３Ｖであり、標準偏差（σ）は４９．９
であった。更に、＋側と−側とを逆にして、放電管のラ
イン電極１０、１２間に直流電圧を印加して放電開始電
圧を同様にして１０回測定した。その測定結果は、最大
放電開始電圧が３１０３Ｖ、最小放電開始電圧が２８３
３Ｖ、平均放電開始電圧が２９８７Ｖであり、標準偏差
（σ）は８１．９であった。When the discharge tube subjected to the aging treatment is disassembled and the end faces of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b including the respective surfaces of the discharge stabilizing material layers 20 and 20 are observed, the entire end faces of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b are observed. Was covered by black material. When this black substance was analyzed by XMA, the peaks of Ti, Ba and N atoms were detected. Therefore, the discharge generating part composed of a nitrogen compound and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) used as a discharge stabilizing substance were used. Are presumed to coexist. Further, a DC voltage was applied between the line electrodes 10 and 12 of the aging-treated discharge tube, and the discharge starting voltage was examined. In this investigation, after confirming the discharge starting voltage, the application of the DC voltage between the line electrodes 10 and 12 is stopped to stop the discharge. Thereafter, again, a DC voltage was applied between the line electrodes 10 and 12 to measure a discharge starting voltage. The same measurement of the discharge starting voltage was performed 10 times. The measurement result shows that the maximum discharge starting voltage is 3
068 V, the minimum discharge start voltage is 2891 V, the average discharge start voltage is 2963 V, and the standard deviation (σ) is 49.9.
Met. Further, the positive and negative sides were reversed, a DC voltage was applied between the line electrodes 10 and 12 of the discharge tube, and the discharge starting voltage was measured 10 times in the same manner. The measurement results show that the maximum discharge start voltage is 3103 V and the minimum discharge start voltage is 283
3V, the average firing voltage was 2987V, and the standard deviation (σ) was 81.9.
【００１８】比較例 実施例において、交流電流１０ｍＡをライン電極１０、
１２間に印加して放電を発生させた後、引き続き交流電
流１０ｍＡを印加し連続して放電を１秒間発生させるエ
ージング処理を行った他は、実施例と同様にして放電管
を得た。かかるエージング処理を施した放電管を分解し
て放電安定物質層２０、２０の各表面を含む放電電極１
０ｂ、１２ｂの各端面を観察したところ、放電電極１０
ｂ、１２ｂの各端面には、黒色生成物が観察されなかっ
た。また、エージング処理を施した放電管のライン電極
１０、１２間に直流電圧を印加して放電開始電圧を調査
した。かかる調査では、放電開始電圧を確認した後、ラ
イン電極１０、１２間への直流電圧の印加を止めて放電
を停止させる。その後、再度、同様にしてライン電極１
０、１２間に直流電圧を印加して放電開始電圧を測定し
た。同様な放電開始電圧の測定を１０回行った。その測
定結果は、最大放電開始電圧が２７８３Ｖ、最小放電開
始電圧が２１４３Ｖ、平均放電開始電圧が２４７５Ｖで
あり、標準偏差（σ）は２４５．６であった。更に、＋
側と−側とを逆にして、放電管のライン電極１０、１２
間に直流電圧を印加して放電開始電圧を同様にして１０
回測定した。その測定結果は、最大放電開始電圧が２８
１３Ｖ、最小放電開始電圧が２００１Ｖ、平均放電開始
電圧が２４６７Ｖであり、標準偏差（σ）は２９３．７
であった。この様に、比較例の放電管は、実施例の放電
管に比較して、その放電開始電圧が低く且つバラツキが
大きいものであった。Comparative Example In the example, an alternating current of 10 mA was applied to the line electrode 10.
A discharge tube was obtained in the same manner as in Example, except that an aging treatment was performed in which an AC current of 10 mA was continuously applied and a discharge was continuously generated for 1 second after applying a voltage between 12 and generating a discharge. The discharge tube that has been subjected to the aging treatment is disassembled and the discharge electrode 1 including the respective surfaces of the discharge stabilizing material layers 20, 20.
Observation of the end surfaces of the discharge electrodes 10b and 12b
No black product was observed on each end face of b and 12b. Further, a DC voltage was applied between the line electrodes 10 and 12 of the aging-treated discharge tube, and the discharge starting voltage was examined. In this investigation, after confirming the discharge starting voltage, the application of the DC voltage between the line electrodes 10 and 12 is stopped to stop the discharge. Then, again, in the same manner, the line electrode 1
A DC voltage was applied between 0 and 12 to measure the firing voltage. The same measurement of the discharge starting voltage was performed 10 times. As a result of the measurement, the maximum discharge start voltage was 2783 V, the minimum discharge start voltage was 2143 V, the average discharge start voltage was 2475 V, and the standard deviation (σ) was 245.6. Furthermore, +
The negative and positive sides are reversed so that the line electrodes 10 and 12
DC voltage is applied during the same period, and the discharge starting voltage is
Measured times. The measurement result shows that the maximum discharge starting voltage is 28
13V, the minimum discharge start voltage was 2001 V, the average discharge start voltage was 2467 V, and the standard deviation (σ) was 293.7.
Met. As described above, the discharge tube of the comparative example had a lower discharge starting voltage and a larger variation than the discharge tube of the example.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、放電管を小型化して
も、高電圧の放電開始電圧を可及的に安定して保持でき
る。このため、小型化する電気機器用の放電管として用
いることができる。According to the present invention, a high discharge starting voltage can be maintained as stably as possible even if the discharge tube is downsized. For this reason, it can be used as a discharge tube for electric equipment that is reduced in size.
【図１】本発明に係る放電管の一例を説明するための断
面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an example of a discharge tube according to the present invention.
【図２】図１に示す放電管に用いた放電電極を説明する
ための断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view for explaining a discharge electrode used in the discharge tube shown in FIG.
【図３】従来の放電管を説明するための断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional discharge tube.
１０、１２ ライン電極 １０ａ、１２ａ フランジ部 １０ｂ、１２ｂ 放電電極 １３ 気密室 １４ 外囲器 １６ トリガ線 １８ 凹部 ２０ 放電安定物質層 ２２ 放電生成物が生成された層 10, 12 Line electrode 10a, 12a Flange portion 10b, 12b Discharge electrode 13 Hermetic chamber 14 Enclosure 16 Trigger wire 18 Depression 20 Discharge stable material layer 22 Layer on which discharge product is generated
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H01T 1/20 H01T 4/12 H01T 21/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) H01T 1/20 H01T 4/12 H01T 21/00
Claims (10)
合されて形成された気密室内にガスが封入され、 且つ前記気密室内に、前記ライン電極の各々に突設され
た柱状の放電電極の端面が所定のギャップを置いて対向
する放電管において、 該気密室内に主として窒素ガスから成るガスが封入され
ていると共に、前記放電電極の各端面の少なくとも一部
にチタン酸バリウムを主とする放電安定物質からなる放
電安定物質層が形成され、 且つ前記放電安定物質層の表面を含む放電電極の各端面
には、放電安定物質と主として窒素ガスから成るガス中
における放電により生成された放電生成物が形成されて
いることを特徴とする放電管。A gas is sealed in an airtight chamber formed by joining a line electrode to a ceramic envelope, and a columnar discharge electrode projecting from each of the line electrodes is provided in the airtight chamber. In a discharge tube whose end faces are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas is sealed in the hermetic chamber, and at least a part of each end face of the discharge electrode has a discharge mainly composed of barium titanate. A discharge stable material layer made of a stable material is formed, and each end face of the discharge electrode including the surface of the discharge stable material layer is formed by discharge in a gas mainly composed of a discharge stable material and nitrogen gas. A discharge tube characterized in that a formed discharge product is formed.
形成された凹部内に形成されている請求項１記載の放電
管。2. The discharge tube according to claim 1, wherein the discharge stabilizing material layer is formed in a recess formed on each end face of the discharge electrode.
みである請求項１または２記載の放電管。3. A discharge tube according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas sealed in the airtight chamber is only nitrogen gas.
む壁面の端面が、対向する他方の放電電極の端面方向に
突出する凸状曲面に形成されている請求項１〜３のいず
れか一項記載の放電管。The end surface of 4. A wall surrounding the recess formed in the end surface of the discharge electrode, any one of claims 1 to 3, which is formed in a convex curved surface that protrudes to the end surface direction of the opposing other discharge electrode A discharge tube according to claim 1.
るガス中において、放電安定物質層が形成された放電電
極の端面間に発生した放電によって生成される請求項１
〜４のいずれか一項記載の放電管。5. A discharge products, mainly in the gas consisting of nitrogen gas, according to claim discharge stability material layer is produced by discharge generated between the end face of the formed discharge electrodes 1
The discharge tube according to any one of claims 1 to 4 .
合されて形成された気密室内にガスが封入され、 且つ前記気密室内に、前記ライン電極の各々に突設され
た柱状の放電電極の端面が所定のギャップを置いて対向
する放電管を製造する際に、 該放電電極の各端面の少なくとも一部にチタン酸バリウ
ムを主とする放電安定物質を塗布して放電安定物質層を
形成し、前記気密室内に主として窒素ガスから成るガス
を封入した後、 前記放電安定物質層の表面を含む放電電極の各端面に、
放電安定物質と主として窒素ガスから成るガス中におけ
る放電により生成した放電生成物とが形成されるよう
に、前記放電電極の間に連続的に放電を発生させるエー
ジング処理を施すことを特徴とする放電管の製造方法。6. A gas is sealed in an airtight chamber formed by joining a line electrode to a ceramic envelope, and a columnar discharge electrode projecting from each of the line electrodes is provided in the airtight chamber. When manufacturing a discharge tube whose end faces are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap, at least a part of each end face of the discharge electrode has a barium titanate.
After applying a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas in the hermetic chamber, a discharge stable material layer is formed by applying a discharge stable material mainly composed of a gas, and then, on each end face of the discharge electrode including the surface of the discharge stable material layer. ,
Performing an aging process for continuously generating a discharge between the discharge electrodes so that a discharge stable substance and a discharge product generated by the discharge in a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas are formed. Pipe manufacturing method.
形成した凹部内に形成する請求項６記載の放電管の製造
方法。7. The method for manufacturing a discharge tube according to claim 6 , wherein the discharge stable material layer is formed in a concave portion formed on each end face of the discharge electrode.
みとする請求項６または７記載の放電管の製造方法。8. The method for manufacturing a discharge tube according to claim 6 , wherein the gas sealed in the airtight chamber is only nitrogen gas.
面の端面を、対向する他方の放電電極の端面方向に突出
する凸状曲面に形成する請求項６〜８のいずれか一項記
載の放電管の製造方法。9. The discharge electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the end surface of the wall surrounding the recess formed on the end surface of the discharge electrode is formed as a convex curved surface protruding in the direction of the end surface of the other opposing discharge electrode. Manufacturing method of discharge tube.
３０ｍＡをライン電極間に印加して放電を発生させた
後、引き続き放電を２秒以上連続して発生させる請求項
６〜９のいずれか一項記載の放電管の製造方法。10. The aging process includes the steps of:
Claims: 1. Discharge is generated by applying 30 mA between line electrodes, and then discharge is continuously generated for 2 seconds or more.
A method for producing a discharge tube according to any one of claims 6 to 9 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12387697A JP3290376B2 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1997-05-14 | Discharge tube and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12387697A JP3290376B2 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1997-05-14 | Discharge tube and method of manufacturing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10312877A JPH10312877A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
| JP3290376B2 true JP3290376B2 (en) | 2002-06-10 |
Family
ID=14871567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12387697A Expired - Fee Related JP3290376B2 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1997-05-14 | Discharge tube and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3290376B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4764059B2 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2011-08-31 | 岡谷電機産業株式会社 | Discharge tube |
| DE102007063316A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Epcos Ag | Surge arrester with low response voltage |
| JP6375576B2 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-08-22 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Discharge tube and manufacturing method thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-05-14 JP JP12387697A patent/JP3290376B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10312877A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
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