JP4747322B2 - Smoke exhaust system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a smoke exhaust system as a disaster prevention system for a building, and more particularly to a smoke exhaust system suitable for application to a commercial facility such as a store building.

Conventionally, since the store part of a commercial facility needs to be provided with a fire prevention section for every fixed area (maximum 3000 m ² ), it is most common to form a fire prevention section with a normally open fire shutter that automatically closes in the event of a fire. . Separately from the fire prevention compartment, a smoke proof wall is provided under the ceiling surface, a smoke prevention compartment is provided for each fixed area (maximum 500 m ² ), and a smoke exhaust facility for exhausting smoke from each smoke prevention compartment is provided. There is a need.

In this way, disaster prevention systems in commercial facilities require a high level of safety and reliability, which not only imposes a high cost burden, but also has many limitations in plan planning, such as requiring many evacuation stairs. . Therefore, various disaster prevention systems have been proposed in the past. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a pressurized smoke exhaust system that can be safely evacuated with a simpler configuration without performing mechanical smoke exhaust. Has been.
JP 11-294823 A

  However, at present, a sufficiently effective disaster prevention system has not been established, and the development of a rational disaster prevention system that can be applied particularly to large-scale commercial facilities is desired.

In view of the above circumstances, the invention described in claim 1 is a smoke exhaust system installed in a building such as a store building, wherein a fire prevention and smoke prevention section that doubles as a fire prevention section and a smoke prevention section is set on each floor, and each fire prevention and prevention to ensure蓄煙space for staying the Kemuriso the event of a fire within the fire smoke compartment at the top of the smoke compartment, and configured to perform a forced mechanical flue gas by the flue gas fan from the蓄煙space in the event of a fire , A slit as a smoke exhaust opening is formed over the entire ceiling surface in the fire prevention and smoke prevention section, and the ceiling back space is used as a ceiling chamber as a smoke storage space. A smoke exhaust system is provided for exhausting smoke from the fire and smoke control section through the ceiling chamber. The smoke exhaust system provided in the ceiling chamber includes a smoke exhaust duct connected to a smoke exhaust fan through a smoke exhaust main duct, and the exhaust duct. Connected to the smoke duct A plurality of normally open smoke outlets distributed in the ceiling chamber and normally closed smoke dampers installed at the base of the smoke duct. It is configured to exhaust smoke simultaneously from multiple smoke outlets by opening it in conjunction with the exhaust, and the smoke exhaust damper is an air-tight smoke exhaust damper that also functions as a fire prevention damper for preventing fire spread in the closed state And

According to a second aspect of the invention, the flue gas system of the invention according to claim 1, the boundary position of the fire smoke compartment, we established a normally open fire shutter, and arranged in-proof fire shutter Smoke It is characterized by the installation of a hanging wall.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the smoke exhaust system according to the first or second aspect , fresh fresh air is pressurized and supplied to the front room of the escape staircase leading to the fireproof smokeproof section where the fire has occurred. It is characterized by having pressurized smoke prevention equipment that maintains a positive pressure rather than in the compartment.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the smoke evacuation system of the third aspect , the pressurized smoke prevention equipment has a control mechanism for adjusting the amount of pressurized supply to the front chamber, and the fire prevention smoke prevention section Between the front chamber and the front chamber, there is provided a pressure relief port for allowing fresh outside air pressurized and supplied to the front chamber to escape to the fire prevention and smoke prevention section and to adjust the differential pressure between them.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a large amount of smoke can be temporarily stored in the smoke storage space by securing the smoke storage space in the upper part of the fireproof and smokeproof section. Compared to the conventional smoke exhaust system, the smoke layer descent time can be sufficiently earned and the rapid rise of the smoke layer temperature can be sufficiently suppressed. Safety performance and fire fighting support performance can be significantly improved. Therefore, it is possible to relax the conventional regulation of limiting the smoke-proof section to a maximum of 500 m ² and to sufficiently expand the smoke-proof section. Not only can the number of walls be greatly reduced, it is also unnecessary to change the position of the smoke-proof hanging wall and the smoke exhaust port due to the change in the position of the partition wall, etc., which is extremely effective in plan planning and ease of use. In addition, since the safety of evacuation can be greatly improved, the number of evacuation stairs and the required width can be reduced. Especially when applied to commercial facilities such as store buildings, the effective area of the store is expanded. It is possible to improve the effectiveness and economy of a commercial facility.

Also, by the roof space and ceiling chamber as蓄煙space forming a slit on the ceiling surface, to originally can be effectively utilized roof space is dead space as蓄煙space, the ceiling Smoke is quickly sucked into the ceiling chamber through the slit by the smoke exhausting equipment installed in the chamber, and the smoke can be exhausted efficiently.

Also includes a plurality of smoke inlet to the fire smoke compartment, with the construction of performing flue gas simultaneously from the plurality of smoke inlet in its entirety even when the area of the fire smoke compartment is large Therefore, it is possible to exhaust smoke reliably and promptly, and a small amount of smoke exhaust is required.

In addition, by using a normally closed airtight type exhaust smoke damper that also serves as a fire damper, it is possible to omit a fire damper that operates by blowing a normal thermal fuse, thereby preventing the fire from spreading through the smoke duct. It is possible to continue operation of the smoke facility for a long time.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the fireproof shutter is provided at the boundary position of the fireproof and smokeproof compartment, and the smokeproof hanging wall is fixedly installed in parallel with the shutter, so that the smokeproof hanging wall can be used. It is possible to reliably prevent smoke from leaking into the compartments, and to improve safety.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pressurized smoke-proof facility that pressurizes and supplies fresh outside air to the front chamber of the evacuation staircase leading to the fire-proof and smoke-proof section to maintain a positive pressure from the inside of the fire-proof and smoke-proof section. Therefore, sufficient evacuation safety is ensured, and the safety of the front room as a fire fighting activity base can be sufficiently secured.

According to the invention described in claim 4 , the pressure in the front chamber and the fire and smoke prevention section are controlled by the control mechanism provided in the pressurized smoke prevention equipment and the pressure relief port provided between the fire and smoke prevention section and the front chamber. The pressure difference between the two can be properly maintained, and the safety of the evacuation route and the front room as a fire fighting base can be sufficiently ensured.

  FIG. 1 shows an outline when a smoke exhaust system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a commercial facility such as a store building. The smoke exhaust system according to the present embodiment sets a plurality of fire prevention smoke prevention sections 1 on each floor, secures a ceiling chamber 2 as a large-capacity smoke storage space in the upper part of each fire prevention smoke prevention section 1, and the ceiling chamber The main purpose is to perform forced mechanical smoke exhaustion by the smoke exhausting equipment 3 installed in 2.

The fire prevention and smoke prevention section 1 in this embodiment serves as both a conventional general fire prevention section (maximum 3000 m ² ) and a smoke prevention section (maximum 500 m ² ), and in this embodiment, has fire prevention performance provided in the space behind the ceiling. A partition wall 4, a normally open (fire-closed) fire shutter 5 provided immediately below the partition wall 4, and a smoke-proof hanging wall 6 that is provided in parallel with the fire shutter 5 and is fixed below the ceiling surface A fireproof and smokeproof section 1 is formed by the combination. In addition, the maximum area of the fireproof and smokeproof compartment 1 in this embodiment can be set to about 3000 m ² , similarly to the maximum area of the fireproof compartment according to the conventional general regulations. Further, the fire shutter 5 may have a fire resistance equivalent to that of a normal fire prevention section, and the protrusion size of the smoke proof wall 6 below the ceiling surface is sufficient to be about 30 cm. Of course, a beam shape can be used as the partition wall 4 provided in the ceiling space.

  A number of slits 8 serving as smoke exhaust openings leading to the space behind the ceiling are formed on the ceiling surface 7 provided in the upper part of the fire prevention and smoke prevention section 1, and smoke generated at the time of fire breaks out through the slits 8. It flows into the back space and temporarily accumulates smoke there. Therefore, as described above, the ceiling back space functions as the ceiling chamber 2 as a large-capacity smoke storage space. In addition, the aperture ratio of the opening for smoke emission with respect to the area of the fire prevention smoke prevention section 1 (ratio of the total area of the slit 8 to the entire area of the ceiling surface 7 within the range of the fire prevention smoke prevention compartment 1) is about 0.5 to 1%. However, the slits 8 need to be evenly distributed over the entire ceiling surface 7.

In the ceiling chamber 2, a smoke exhausting facility 3 for exhausting smoke from the fireproof and smokeproof section 1 is installed. The smoke exhaust system 3 in the present embodiment is distributed to two places in the ceiling chamber 2 connected to the smoke exhaust duct 12 connected to the smoke exhaust fan 11 through the smoke exhaust main duct 10. It is comprised from the normally opened smoke exhaust port 13 arrange | positioned and the normally closed smoke exhaust damper 14 provided in the base of the smoke exhaust duct 12. FIG. In the smoke exhausting equipment 3, the smoke exhausting fan 11 is activated by a manual operation by a manual opening device provided at an appropriate position or a remote operation from a central monitoring room (disaster prevention center), as in the conventional general equipment. At the same time, the smoke damper 14 corresponding to the fire occurrence zone is opened and smoke emission starts from there, so that the smoke generated in the fire occurrence zone is slit 8 as shown in the figure. The air is sucked into the ceiling chamber 2 through, and smoke is exhausted simultaneously from two smoke exhaust ports 13 while accumulating smoke therein. In addition, the required amount of smoke exhausted by the smoke exhaust fan 11 is about 0.3 m ³ / min per 1 m ² of the section area. Therefore, even when the maximum area of the fire prevention smoke-proof section 1 is 3000 m ² , the amount of smoke exhausted is 1000 m ³ / min ( About 60,000 m ³ / hour) is sufficient. Moreover, although the installation space | interval of the two smoke exhaust ports 13 should just be set according to the area and planar shape of the fire prevention smoke-proof division 1, it is preferable to set it as about 20 m or less at maximum.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the smoke exhaust main duct 10 is installed in a dedicated duct shaft 15 that is provided with a fire prevention compartment. As the above-described smoke exhaust damper 14, an air-tight smoke exhaust damper of a type that has a sufficient air-tight performance in a closed state and is opened by driving a motor is adopted, and the fire-proof damper is provided in a through portion of the duct shaft 15. In this case, it is not necessary to use another fireproof damper (which is normally required to be provided) (using a temperature fuse having an operating temperature of 280 ° C.).

  Furthermore, the smoke evacuation system of this embodiment is provided with a pressurized smoke proofing facility 20. The pressurized smoke-proof equipment 20 pressurizes and supplies fresh outside air OA to the front chamber 22 of the evacuation staircase 21 leading to the fire-proof smoke-proof section 1. So that the front chamber 22 has a positive pressure higher than that in the fire occurrence section by supplying fresh outside air under pressure to the front chamber 22 serving as a fire fighting base. It is possible to maintain and prevent the inflow of smoke into the front chamber 22 and the escape staircase 21. In FIG. 1, the inside of the fire occurrence section is set to a negative pressure (−) due to flue gas, the front chamber 22 is set to a sufficient positive pressure (++) due to pressurization, and the neutral pressure (±) is set to the non-fire section and the evacuation staircase 21. In this state, inflow of smoke from the fire-breaking compartment to the front chamber 22 and the adjacent non-fire compartment is prevented, and sufficient evacuation safety is secured. The safety of the front chamber 22 can be sufficiently secured. The activation of the pressurized smoke-proof equipment 20 may be performed in conjunction with the activation of the smoke exhaust fan 11, the remote operation from the central monitoring room, or the manual operation of the manual opening device provided in the front chamber 22.

  In addition, between the front chamber 22 and the fire / smoke / combustion compartment 1 facing it, the internal pressure of the front chamber 22 is released to the fire / smoke / combustion compartment 1 side so that the differential pressure between them is maintained at an appropriate pressure. A pressure relief port 26 is provided. In addition, the pressure relief port 26 is provided with a fire damper (operating temperature 280 ° C.) for constructing a fire prevention zone when the fire spread is expanded. After the fire relief damper is activated and the pressure relief port 26 is closed. In this case, since it is assumed that the internal pressure of the front chamber 22 rises excessively and hinders the opening of the fire door, a control mechanism 27 is provided to prevent this. The control mechanism 27 in the present embodiment detects a supply air pressure by a pressure sensor 28 installed in the supply air main duct 24 and controls the switching damper 29, so that a part of the pressurized supply air amount is externally supplied by the bypass duct 30. The supply air pressure to the front chamber 22 is adjusted by discharging the air to the front chamber 22, thereby maintaining the internal pressure of the front chamber 22 appropriately.

  By operating the smoke exhaust system of the present embodiment at the time of a fire, smoke is quickly sucked into the ceiling chamber 2 and efficiently exhausted from the two smoke exhaust ports 13. A large amount of smoke can be temporarily stored in the ceiling chamber 2, and therefore the smoke layer descent time (the smoke layer staying along the ceiling surface 7 falls to near the floor surface as compared with conventional smoke exhaust systems) It is possible to make a sufficient amount of time) and to sufficiently suppress the sudden rise in smoke layer temperature, thereby ensuring sufficient evacuation time for safe evacuation . Moreover, the ceiling space, which is originally a dead space, can be effectively used as the ceiling chamber 2 as a smoke storage space, and the capacity of the smoke exhaust fan 11 is sufficient to be equivalent to that of a conventional general smoke exhaust system. The cost burden can be reduced.

Therefore, by adopting the smoke exhaust system of the present embodiment, it is possible to significantly improve the evacuation safety performance and fire fighting activity support performance at the time of a fire compared to the case of the conventional general smoke exhaust system, as a result, It is possible to relax the conventional general restriction of limiting the smoke-proof section to a maximum of 500 m ² . In other words, in the smoke exhaust system of the present embodiment, in addition to making the ceiling chamber 2 a smoke storage space, the smoke prevention section is expanded to a maximum of about 3000 m ² to secure a large capacity smoke storage space. It can be said that the smoke layer fall time and the smoke layer temperature rise time can be earned sufficiently, thereby improving the evacuation safety performance and the fire fighting activity support performance.

  As a result of the relaxation of restrictions on the maximum area of the smoke-proof section, not only can the smoke-proof hanging wall 6 be significantly reduced compared to the conventional smoke-exhaust system, but also there are restrictions on the store layout due to the smoke-proof hanging wall 6. There is no need to change the position of the smoke proof section or smoke outlet every time the store layout or partition wall position is changed as before, which is extremely advantageous in terms of floor plan and ease of use. . Moreover, since the safety of evacuation can be greatly improved compared to conventional smoke exhaust systems, the number of evacuation stairs and the required width can be reduced. The rentable ratio can be improved, and the effectiveness and economic efficiency as a commercial facility can be improved.

  In addition, in the conventional general flue gas system, since it is necessary to install a fire damper at the main part of the flue duct 12 to prevent the spread of the fire through the flue duct 12 at the time of the spread of the fire, the smoke layer temperature rises. In such a case, it is assumed that the fire-proof damper operates early and the smoke-exhaust equipment stops in a short time. In the present embodiment, the fire-proof damper is used as the smoke-exhaust damper 14 as described above. By adopting an airtight smoke exhaust damper that also functions as a fire spreader, it is possible to prevent the spread of fire through the smoke exhaust duct 12 by the smoke exhaust damper 14 itself even when the fire spread is expanded, and thus the conventional fire damper can be omitted. Therefore, it is possible to continue the operation of the smoke evacuation equipment for a long time, and also in that respect, it is possible to improve safety in evacuation and fire fighting activities. Kill.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the above embodiment is merely a preferred example, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various design changes and the like listed below, for example, Application is possible.

In the above-described embodiment, two smoke outlets 13 are dispersedly arranged in the smoke storage space so that smoke is exhausted simultaneously from them, so that even if the area of the fire-proof smoke-proof section 1 is large, efficient exhaust is performed from the entire area. Although smoke is possible, at the same time from fire smoke compartment 1 of the area and by the planar shape many more provided flue gas outlet 13 of the three or more places in the same fire smoke compartment 1 flue gas outlet 13 flue gas Can also be considered.

  As in the above-described embodiment, if not only the fire prevention shutter 5 but also the smoke prevention wall 6 having a height of about 30 cm arranged in parallel to the fire prevention shutter 5 is fixed at the boundary position of the fire prevention smoke prevention section 1, smoke immediately after the fire breaks out However, if the fire shutter 5 is immediately lowered in conjunction with the operation of the smoke sensor at the time of a fire, the fire shutter 5 will automatically smoke. In this case, the smoke barrier 6 can be omitted completely. Of course, the fire-proof and smoke-proof section is not limited to the fire-proof shutter but can be formed by a fire-proof wall and a fire-proof door.

  Although the said embodiment is an example applied to commercial facilities, such as a store building, this invention is widely applicable not only to a commercial facility but to buildings of various uses. The specific configuration of each part is within the range that satisfies the firefighting regulations and special standards according to the required evacuation plan and disaster prevention plan according to the purpose, size, and form of the target facility. For example, the pressurized smoke proofing equipment 20 and its control mechanism 27 employed in the above embodiment can be variously modified, and if the pressurized smoke proofing equipment 20 is not necessary, Can be omitted.

It is a schematic diagram of a smoke exhaust system which is an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Fire and smoke prevention area 2 Ceiling chamber (smoke storage space)
3 Smoke exhaust facility 4 Partition wall 5 Fire shutter 6 Smoke proof wall 7 Ceiling surface 8 Slit (exhaust for smoke exhaust)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Smoke exhaust main duct 11 Smoke exhaust fan 12 Smoke exhaust duct 13 Smoke exhaust port 14 Smoke damper 15 Duct shaft 20 Pressurized smoke prevention equipment 21 Evacuation stairs 22 Front chamber 23 Pressurization fan 24 Supply air duct 25 Supply port 26 Pressure relief port 27 Control mechanism 28 Pressure sensor 29 Switching damper 30 Bypass duct

Claims (4)

A smoke exhaust system installed in a store building or the like,
Each floor has a fire prevention and smoke prevention area that doubles as a fire prevention and smoke prevention area, and secures a smoke storage space in the upper part of each fire prevention and smoke prevention area to retain a smoke layer when a fire occurs in the fire prevention and smoke prevention area. In the event of a fire, forced smoke is exhausted from the smoke storage space by a smoke exhaust fan .
A slit as a smoke exhaust opening is formed over the entire ceiling surface in the fire prevention smoke prevention section, and the ceiling back space is used as a ceiling chamber as a smoke storage space, and the fire prevention operation is performed in the ceiling chamber when a fire occurs. A smoke exhaust system for exhausting smoke from the smoke-proof compartment through the ceiling chamber is provided.
The smoke exhaust system provided in the ceiling chamber has a smoke exhaust duct connected to a smoke exhaust fan via a smoke exhaust main duct, and a plurality of normally open units connected to the smoke exhaust duct and distributed in the ceiling chamber. A smoke exhaust port and a normally closed smoke exhaust damper provided at the base of the smoke exhaust duct. In the event of a fire, the smoke exhaust damper is opened in conjunction with the activation of the smoke exhaust fan. It is configured to exhaust smoke at the same time ,
A smoke exhaust system characterized in that the smoke exhaust damper is an air-tight exhaust damper that also functions as a fireproof damper for preventing the spread of fire in a closed state. The smoke exhaust system according to claim 1 ,
A smoke exhausting system characterized in that a fire prevention shutter that is normally open is installed at a boundary position of a fire prevention smoke prevention section and a smoke prevention hanging wall is installed in parallel with the fire prevention shutter. The smoke exhaust system according to claim 1 or 2 ,
Exhaust gas is equipped with a pressurized smoke-proof system that supplies fresh outside air under pressure to the front room of the evacuation stairs leading to the fire-proof smoke-proof zone where the fire occurred and maintains a positive pressure from the inside of the fire-proof smoke-proof zone. Smoke system. A smoke exhaust system according to claim 3 ,
Pressurized smoke prevention equipment has a control mechanism for adjusting the amount of pressurized supply to the front chamber, and between the fire and smoke prevention compartment and the front chamber fires fresh outside air pressurized and supplied to the front chamber A smoke evacuation system provided with a pressure vent for escaping to a smoke proof section and adjusting a differential pressure between them.

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