JP2533716B2 - Fire suppression and safety method by high temperature gas and pressure regulation - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for suppressing and securing fires by adjusting high temperature gas and pressure, and particularly, in case of fire in an indoor space, by injecting high temperature gas and adjusting the pressure selectively, the initial fire It relates to a method of fire suppression and security by controlling high-temperature gas and pressure to prevent the expansion and ensure the safety of evacuation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the expansion of product distribution and the modernization of offices and the like, the number of buildings having a large space such as an exhibition hall and an atrium is increasing. 3 and 4 show a large space 7 inside the rectangular building 1 that extends from the floor 3 to the top of the building and is covered with a ceiling 5 at the top. An office or the like is provided between the peripheral wall 9 of the space 7 and the outer wall 11 of the building. The design of the space 7 places emphasis on both the fulfillment of the required function and the design, and the design of the air supply / exhaust opening for the space is also placed on the function fulfillment and the design. On the other hand, since it is expected that a large number of people will gather in the space 7, smoke diffusion prevention (hereinafter referred to as fire suppression).
In addition, it is important to secure the safety of people and the evacuation route (hereinafter referred to as security), and measures such as fire detection and notification equipment, various fire extinguishing equipment, and evacuation guidance facilities will be taken.

[0003]

In FIG. 3, a fire occurs in a large indoor space 7 and a plume from the ignition part 17 is generated.
If (plume) 20 spreads rapidly, it hinders the evacuation of people in the space and adjacent offices, and unless special measures are taken, there is no room for evacuation and smoke spreads, causing a serious disaster. It is expected that In the illustrated example, the position of the ignition part 17 is set to the center of the floor 3 of the large indoor space 7, but the position of the ignition part 17 can be anywhere in the space 7 as well as on the floor. In order to avoid this situation, JP-A-62-190340 discloses that when a fire occurs, pressurized air is blown toward the inside of a common space such as the stairs of a building to prevent the rapid spread of smoke through the common space and to provide an evacuation route. The method of securing was proposed. However, pressurized air blowing after a fire is not necessarily the best measure because it supplies fresh air to the ignition part 17 and promotes the growth of the fire.

The present inventor has found that the temperature distribution in a wide space and the position and size of the air supply / exhaust port with respect to the space are important factors for fire suppression and security, and the temperature distribution in the wide space is The inventors have completed an invention of a method for controlling the pressure around the fire occurrence part and preventing the expansion of the fire in the indoor space by appropriately installing the air supply / exhaust ports to suppress the fire and ensure the safety of the evacuation route. As described above, there has been no method of controlling the internal temperature distribution and determining the arrangement of the air supply / exhaust ports from the viewpoints of fire suppression and ensuring evacuation safety.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for suppressing and maintaining a fire in an indoor space by forming a temperature boundary of air and adjusting the pressure around the ignition part.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, when a hot air layer generated by solar radiation or the like stays in the upper part of the indoor space 7, a weak buoyancy force from the ignition part 17 at the early stage of the fire occurs. The plume 20 cannot penetrate the air density boundary or temperature boundary at the lower end of the hot air layer, and the smoke storage section or the smoke layer
It has been reported that 26 decreases. (Oka Taisuke, Sugawa
Master "Simulation of invasion of weakly rising heat plume into stagnant hot air layer" Summary of Academic Lecture Meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan (China) October 1990) It has been reported that a temperature difference of about 25 ^° C. with the ceiling 5 was actually measured, and that the temperature distribution in the height direction of the space 7 was not uniform. Temperature sensor
If 13 (FIG. 1) is distributed in the height direction of the space 7 and attached, the temperature distribution as shown in FIG. 3 (B) can be measured. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed in FIG. 3 (B) that the floor 3 to the height H ₁ have a linear distribution with a small temperature gradient, and the distribution above the height H ₁ has a large temperature gradient. . Although there are several distribution shapes in which the upper part has a high temperature, one example is shown in FIG. 3 (B). Furthermore, in the above paper by Oka et al., The slope up to height H ₁ is 0.
When it is about 33 ^o C / m and the slope above the height H ₁ is about 3.3 ^o C / m, the plume 20 cannot penetrate the hot air layer through the temperature boundary at the height H ₁ , The smoke layer 26 (Fig. 3 (A)) stays below the temperature boundary, and the behavior is as if it were a very hard boundary (wall or ceiling) for the plume 20 with a weak temperature boundary. Is reported to show.

The inventor of the present invention divides the space 7 into two or more compartments, and if a gas having a temperature higher than the temperature in the fire compartment is blown into the surrounding compartment adjacent to the fire compartment, the temperature of the air around the fire compartment is increased. A boundary can be artificially created, a hot air layer that accumulates during winter heating and summer insolation can create a temperature boundary for air, and a pressure plumbing of the surrounding compartment can cause a plume of fire to remain in the fire-generating compartment. I paid attention to that.
The hot gas must be clean and free of toxic components to the human body.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in the fire suppression / security method of the present invention by means of high temperature gas and pressure regulation, a space 7 in a building is divided into two or more sections R1, R2, ... Fire to the surrounding area R2 of the generating area R1 A gas that is hotter than the temperature inside the area R1 is blown, for example, as a high-temperature gas stream 31, and the pressure in the surrounding area R2 is adjusted to be equal to or higher than the pressure in the area R1 to generate a fire. Exhaust is performed from a portion of the section R1 that does not interfere with the blow-in, such as an exhaust stream 35. The hot gas can be hot non-combustible gas or hot air. Further, the high temperature gas may be a clean gas which does not contain a gas harmful to the human body. Preferably, the hot gas is blown in and exhausted at the top of each section R1, R2 .... In the illustrated example, only the peripheral section R2 on one side of the fire occurrence section R1 is shown, but the hot gas is blown in all the surrounding sections surrounding the fire occurrence section R1 as in the illustrated peripheral section R2.

Fire suppression of space due to the high temperature gas of the present invention
The security device is two or more sections R1 that divide the building interior space 7,
R2, ..., Fire detection means 15, pressure sensor 18, pressure regulation means 38 provided in each compartment, high-temperature gas blowing means 30 for blowing hot gas into each compartment, and does not interfere with the above-mentioned blowing of each compartment The hot gas blowing means in response to the outputs of the exhaust means 34 provided at the site, and the detecting means 15 and the pressure sensor 18.
The control means 39 selectively operates the 30, the exhaust means 34 and the pressure adjusting means 38.

[0010]

[Operation] When a fire breaks out in compartment R1, blowing hot gas into the surrounding compartment R2 as shown in Fig. 1 creates a temperature boundary between the compartments R1 and R2. 20 cannot penetrate its temperature boundary into the surrounding compartment R2. Even if combustion continues in the ignition part 17 and the pressure in the fire generating section R1 rises, the pressure in the surrounding section R2 is kept above the pressure in the fire generating section R1 by the pressure adjusting means 38, so that the temperature boundary fires. Prevents migration out of the outbreak area R1 and keeps the plume 20 on top of the outbreak area R1 and smoke layer 26
As a trap. Therefore, in the surrounding section R2, the plume 20
That is, there is no smoke intrusion and the safety of people's evacuation can be secured. That is, smoke caused by a fire can be retained only at the top of the fire-generating section R1, and the effect of smoke on the evacuation passage can be avoided to ensure safe evacuation. If the temperature boundary of the air is generated during heating in the winter or due to the solar radiation in the summer, it is sufficient to maintain and utilize the temperature boundary. Therefore, the hot gas blowing means 30, the pressure adjusting means 38 and the exhaust means 34 described later are used. Are selectively activated by the control means 39.

Extracting the air, which may contain smoke, from the fire-generating compartment R1 by the exhaust means 34 acts so as to suck the plume 20 upward, causing the plume 20 to spread to the floor 3 and cause fire spread. To prevent the spread of fire and also ensure the safety of evacuation on the floor 3.

In this way, the object of the present invention is to "provide a fire suppression / security method for an indoor space by forming a temperature boundary of air and adjusting the pressure around the ignition part".

[0013]

[Embodiment] In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a temperature sensor 1 such as a thermocouple arranged in each section R1, R2 ... As a fire detecting means.
3, a fire detector 15 mounted on the ceiling 5 and a fire alarm 16 that can be operated by a person are used. Hot gas flow to be blown
Since the temperature of 31 and the pressure level to be maintained by the pressure adjusting means 38 depend on the air temperature and pressure in the fire occurrence section R1,
The output of the temperature sensor 13 and the output of the pressure sensor 18 are input to a control device 39 such as a computer, and the temperature of the hot gas flow 31 and the pressure adjusting means 38 are controlled based on the air temperature and pressure of the fire occurrence section R1 at the time of fire detection. The target pressure is determined by computer calculation. When the boundaries between the sections R1 and R2 are not clear, the movable partition 40 such as a shutter is operated.

In order to generate the hot gas stream 31 having the temperature thus determined, in the illustrated embodiment, a temperature control type air conditioner 37 is used by mixing hot air and room temperature air, and the mixing ratio thereof is signaled from the control device 39. Adjust by. Further, in order to apply the target pressure of the pressure adjusting means 38 determined by the control device 39, for example, the pressure of the pressure tank 33 is reduced to the target pressure by the pressure adjusting valve 36 and then added to the peripheral section R2. The air conditioner 37 in the illustrated example has an exhaust flow 35
It also fulfills the function of drawing the exhaust gas of the outside of the space 7. In this case, the start and stop of high temperature gas injection are performed by opening and closing the valve 32a that responds to the signal from the control device 39, and the start and stop of exhaust gas are performed by the valve 32s that respond to the signal from the control device 39.
The start and stop of the adjusted increase in air pressure is performed by opening and closing the on-off valve 32p in response to a signal from the control device 39. Therefore, in the illustrated example, the air supply side conduit of the air conditioner 37 and the on-off valve 32a form the high temperature gas blowing means 30, and the return air side conduit of the air conditioner 37 and the on-off valve 32b form the exhaust means 3
4, the output line of the pressure tank 33 via the control valve 36 and the on-off valve 32p form the pressure adjusting means 38. In FIG. 1, an air conditioner 37 is provided for each section, but
Instead of 37, a centralized air conditioning system (not shown) for the entire building may be used.

When hot air is blown from the surrounding compartment R2 as the hot gas flow 31 in FIG. 1 during a fire, even if a part of the hot air may leak to the fire-generating compartment R1, the leaked hot air is Since it accumulates on the ceiling of the fire area R1, there is no risk of promoting combustion in the ignition part 17.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment using an air conditioner 37a having a function of blowing hot gas and a pressure-sensitive function. In this case, since the blowout pressure is adjusted according to the characteristics of the blower included in the air conditioner 37a, the blowout port of the blower can also serve as a pressure sensor.

The high-temperature gas blowing means 30 and the exhaust means 34 in the present invention are not limited to the constitution formed by the same air conditioner 37, and for example, the high-temperature gas blowing means 30 and the exhaust air which do not depend on the air conditioner. The means 34 may be provided independently.

[0018]

As described above, the fire suppression / security method and apparatus of the present invention by adjusting the high temperature gas and the pressure forms the temperature boundary of the air by injecting the high temperature gas and adjusts the position of the temperature boundary by adjusting the pressure. Since the smoke of the plume is adjusted and stayed at the top of the fire-generating compartment, the smoke is exhausted, so that there is a remarkable effect of suppressing the spread of fire from the ignition part and ensuring safe evacuation from the building.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a building space.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a building with a rectangular cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 building 3 floor 5 ceiling 7 space 9 surrounding wall 11 outer wall 13 temperature sensor 15 fire detector 16 fire alarm 17 ignition part 18 pressure sensor 20 plume 22 evacuation route 26 smoke layer 30 hot gas blowing means 31 hot gas flow 32a, 32s, 32p valve 33 Pressure tank 34 Exhaust means 35 Exhaust flow 36 Pressure regulating valve 37, 37a Air conditioner 38 Pressure regulating means 39 Control device 40 Hanging wall or movable bulkhead 41 Evacuation door

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tomio Ouchi 2-19-1, Tobita-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Keiichi Miyamoto 2-chome, Tobita-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo No. 1 Kashima Kensetsu Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Shugawa Sugawa, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda City, Chiba Prefecture (56) References: Kaikaihei 1-50855 (JP, U) Jitsuko Sho 50-5239 (JP, Y2)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A space in a building is divided into two or more compartments, a gas having a temperature higher than the temperature in the fire compartment is blown into the compartment surrounding the fire compartment, and the pressure in the surrounding compartment is made equal to or higher than the pressure in the fire compartment. A fire control and safety method for a space using high-temperature gas that is pressure-controlled and exhausted from a portion that does not interfere with the blowing. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the space is protected from fire by hot gas produced by performing the blowing, exhausting, and pressure regulation at the top of each section. 3. Two or more sections dividing the space in the building, a fire detecting means, a pressure sensor and a pressure adjusting means provided in each section, a high temperature gas blowing means for blowing a high temperature gas into each section, Exhaust means provided in a portion that does not interfere with the high temperature gas injection of each section, and selects the high temperature gas injection means, the exhaust means, and the pressure adjusting means in response to the outputs of the detection means and the pressure sensor. Fire suppression / safety device with high-temperature gas, which is equipped with a control unit that operates automatically. 4. A building comprising two or more compartments that divide the interior space, a fire detection means provided in each compartment, a function of blowing hot gas into each compartment, and a pressure-sensitive function of detecting the pressure of each compartment. The high-temperature gas blowing means has, the exhausting means provided in a portion that does not interfere with the high-temperature gas blowing of each section, and the high-temperature gas blowing means and the exhausting means in response to the outputs of the detecting means and the pressure-sensitive function. Fire suppression / safety device of space by high-temperature gas, which is equipped with a control means for selectively activating. 5. The fire suppression / security device for a space of high temperature gas according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a blowing port of said high temperature gas blowing means and an exhaust port of said exhausting means are provided at the top of each section. .