JP2533714B2 - Fire suppression and safety method and device by high temperature gas - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for suppressing and maintaining a fire in a space caused by high-temperature gas, and particularly when a fire occurs in an indoor space, the high-temperature gas is blown in, held and utilized to prevent the spread of an initial fire and to evacuate The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for suppressing and securing fires in a space due to high-temperature gas for ensuring the safety of vehicles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the expansion of product distribution and the modernization of offices and the like, the number of buildings having a large space such as an exhibition hall and an atrium is increasing. 2 and 3 show a large space 7 inside the rectangular building 1 that extends from the floor 3 to the top of the building and is covered with a ceiling 5 at the top. An office or the like is provided between the peripheral wall 9 of the space 7 and the outer wall 11 of the building. The design of the space 7 places emphasis on both the fulfillment of the required function and the design, and the design of the air supply / exhaust opening for the space is also placed on the function fulfillment and the design. On the other hand, since it is expected that a large number of people will gather in the space 7, smoke diffusion prevention (hereinafter referred to as fire suppression).
In addition, it is important to secure the safety of people and the evacuation route (hereinafter referred to as security), and measures such as fire detection and notification equipment, various fire extinguishing equipment, and evacuation guidance facilities will be taken.

[0003]

In FIG. 2, a fire occurs in a large indoor space 7, and a plume from the ignition part 17 is generated.
If (plume) 20 spreads rapidly, it hinders the evacuation of people in the space and adjacent offices, and unless special measures are taken, there is no room for evacuation and smoke spreads, causing a serious disaster. It is expected that In the illustrated example, the position of the ignition part 17 is the center of the floor 3 of the space 7, but the position of the ignition part 17 can be anywhere in the space 7 as well as on the floor. In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-190340 discloses that when a fire occurs, air is blown under pressure toward the inside of a common space, such as the stairs of a building, to prevent the rapid spread of smoke through the common space and the evacuation route. I proposed the method to secure. However, the pressurized blast after a fire
This is not necessarily the best measure, as it will supply fresh air to the ignition part 17 and promote the growth of the fire.

The present inventor has found that the temperature distribution in a wide space and the position and size of the air supply / exhaust port with respect to the space are important factors for fire suppression and security, and the temperature distribution inside the wide space is determined. We have completed the invention of a method for controlling the fire and suppressing the fire expansion in the indoor space by installing the appropriate air supply / exhaust ports to suppress the fire and ensure the safety of the evacuation route. As described above, there has been no method of controlling the internal temperature distribution and determining the arrangement of the air supply / exhaust ports from the viewpoints of fire suppression and ensuring evacuation safety.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to suppress a fire in an indoor space by forming a temperature boundary of air and selecting a position of an air supply / exhaust port.
A security method and device are provided.

[0006]

With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, when a hot air layer generated by sunlight or the like stays in the upper part of the indoor space 7, a weak buoyancy force from the ignition part 17 at the early stage of the fire occurs. The plume 20 cannot penetrate the air density boundary or temperature boundary at the lower end of the hot air layer, and the smoke storage section or the smoke layer
It has been reported that 26 decreases. (Oka Taisuke, Sugawa
Master "Simulation of invasion of weakly rising heat plume into stagnant hot air layer" Summary of Academic Lecture Meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan (China) October 1990) It has been reported that a temperature difference of about 25 ^° C. with the ceiling 5 was actually measured, and that the temperature distribution in the height direction of the space 7 was not uniform. Temperature sensor
If 13 are distributed in the height direction of the space 7 and installed and measured,
The temperature distribution shown in Fig. 2 (B) can be measured. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed in FIG. 2 (B) that the floor 3 to the height H ₁ have a linear distribution with a small temperature gradient, and above the height H ₁ have a large temperature gradient with a linear distribution. . Although there are several distribution types having a high upper portion, one example is shown in FIG. Further papers above OkaHitoshi, when the inclination is 0.33 ^o be as high as C / m gradient above the height H ₁ to a height H ₁ of about 3.3 ^o C / m, plume 20 the height H ₁ , The smoke layer 26 (FIG. 2 (A)) stays below the temperature boundary and forms a smoke layer 26 (FIG. 2 (A)).
Against, it behaves as if it were a very rigid boundary (wall or ceiling).

The inventor of the present invention divides the space 7 into two or more compartments and blows a gas having a temperature higher than the temperature inside the fire compartment into a compartment adjacent to the fire compartment, or by heating during the winter season and solar radiation during the summer season. It was noted that the retention and utilization of the retained hot air layer could artificially create a temperature boundary of air between the fire-generating section and the adjacent section.

Referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in the fire suppression / security method for a space by high temperature gas according to the present invention, a space 7 in a building is divided into two or more sections R1, R2, ... A gas having a temperature higher than the temperature in the fire generating section R1 is blown into the surrounding section R2 of the section R1 like a high temperature gas flow 31, for example, as an exhaust flow 35 from a portion of the fire generating section R1 that does not interfere with the blowing. Exhaust. The hot gas can be hot non-combustible gas or hot air. When there is a retained hot air layer during heating in winter or due to solar radiation in summer, the retained hot air layer may be retained and utilized together with or instead of blowing the high temperature gas flow 31. Further, the high temperature gas may be a clean gas which does not contain a gas harmful to the human body. Preferably, the blowing and exhaust of the high-temperature gas, each section R1,
Perform at the top of R2. In the illustrated example, only the peripheral section R2 on one side of the fire occurrence section R1 is shown, but the hot gas is blown in all the surrounding sections surrounding the fire occurrence section R1 as in the illustrated peripheral section R2.

Fire suppression of space due to the high temperature gas of the present invention
The security device is two or more sections R1 that divide the building interior space 7,
R2, ..., Detecting means 15 for detecting a fire in each compartment, high-temperature gas blowing means 30 provided in each compartment, exhaust means 34 provided in a portion that does not interfere with the blowing in each compartment, and the detection It comprises control means 39 for operating the hot gas blowing means 30 and the exhaust means 34 in response to the output of the means 15.

[0010]

[Operation] When a fire occurs in compartment R1, both compartments can be blown by blowing hot gas into the surrounding compartment R2 as shown in Fig. 1 or by retaining and using the retained hot air layer during winter heating and summer sunlight. Since a temperature boundary of air is formed between R1 and R2, the plume 20 cannot penetrate the temperature boundary and enter the surrounding section R2, and stays on the top of the fire starting section R1 and forms the smoke layer 26. To do. Therefore, in the surrounding section R2, the plume 20
That is, there is no smoke intrusion and the safety of people's evacuation can be secured. That is, the smoke caused by the fire stays at the top of the fire generating section R1, so that it is possible to avoid the influence of the smoke on the evacuation passage and to secure a safe evacuation.

Extracting and exhausting the smoke-containing air from the fire-generating compartment R1 acts to suck up the plume 20 upward, preventing the plume 20 from spreading to the floor 3 and causing fire spread. , Prevent the spread of fire and ensure the safety of evacuation on the floor 3.

In this way, the object of the present invention is to "provide a fire suppression / security method and apparatus for an indoor space by forming a temperature boundary of air and selecting positions of air supply / exhaust ports".

[0013]

[Embodiment] In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a temperature sensor 13 such as a thermocouple arranged in each section R1, R2 as a fire detecting means, a fire detector 15 mounted on the ceiling 5, and a fire alarm 16 operable by a person. Use the three parties. Since the temperature of the hot gas flow 31 to be blown depends on the air temperature in the fire occurrence section R1, the output of the temperature sensor 13 is input to the control device 39 such as a computer, and the air temperature of the fire occurrence section R1 at the time of fire detection. The temperature of the hot gas stream 31 is determined by computer calculation based on When the boundaries between the sections R1 and R2 are not clear, the movable partition 40 such as a shutter is operated.

In the illustrated embodiment, an air conditioner 37 that mixes high-temperature air and room-temperature air is used in order to generate a gas flow having a predetermined temperature, and the mixing ratio is adjusted by a signal from a control device 39. The air conditioner 37 in the illustrated example also has a function of drawing the exhaust of the exhaust flow 35 to the outside of the space 7. In this case, the start and stop of hot gas injection are performed by opening and closing the valve 32a in response to a signal from the control device 39, and the start and stop of exhaust are performed by opening and closing the valve 32s in response to a signal from the control device 39. Therefore, in the illustrated example, the air supply side conduit of the air conditioner 37 and the on-off valve 32a form the high temperature gas blowing means 30, and the air conditioner 37
The return air side pipe and the on-off valve 32b form the exhaust means 34. In FIG. 1, an air conditioner 37 is provided for each section,
A centralized air conditioning system (not shown) for the entire building may be used instead of the individual air conditioner 37.

When hot air is blown from the surrounding compartment R2 as the hot gas flow 31 in FIG. 1 during a fire, even if a part of the hot air may leak to the fire-generating compartment R1, the leaked hot air is Since it accumulates on the ceiling of the fire area R1, there is no risk of promoting combustion in the ignition part 17.

The present invention is not limited to the high temperature gas blowing means 30 and the exhaust means 34 by the air conditioner 37, but both means 30 and 34 not depending on the air conditioner may be provided independently.

[0017]

As described above, the method and apparatus for controlling and protecting fires by high temperature gas according to the present invention forms a temperature boundary of air by blowing hot gas, thereby causing plume smoke to be trapped at the top of the fire generating section. Since the smoke is discharged while being accumulated, it has a remarkable effect of suppressing the spread of fire from the ignition part and ensuring a safe evacuation from the building.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a building space.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a building having a rectangular cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 building 3 floor 5 ceiling 7 space 9 surrounding wall 11 outer wall 13 temperature sensor 15 fire detector 16 fire alarm 17 ignition part 20 plume 22 evacuation route 26 smoke layer 30 hot gas blowing means 31 hot gas flow 32a, 32s valve 34 Exhaust means 35 Exhaust flow 37 Air conditioner 39 Control device 40 Hanging wall or movable bulkhead 41 Evacuation door

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tomio Ouchi 2-19-1, Tobita-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Keiichi Miyamoto 2-chome, Tobita-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo No. 1 Kashima Kensetsu Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Shugawa Sugawa, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda City, Chiba Prefecture (56) References: Kaikaihei 1-50855 (JP, U) Jitsuko Sho 50-5239 (JP, Y2)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A space inside a building is divided into two or more sections, and a gas having a temperature higher than the temperature in the fire-generating section is blown into the area surrounding the fire-generating section, and the gas is exhausted from a portion of the fire-generating section that does not interfere with the blowing. A method of fire suppression and security in the space due to high temperature gas. 2. The method for suppressing and maintaining a fire in a space according to claim 1, wherein the hot gas is hot air. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the space is fire-suppressed and protected by high-temperature gas that is blown and exhausted at the top of each section. 4. Two or more sections that divide the space in the building, detection means for detecting a fire in each section, high-temperature gas blowing means and holding / utilizing means provided in each section, and each of the sections Fire of space caused by high temperature gas, comprising exhaust means provided in a portion that does not interfere with blowing, and control means for selectively operating the high temperature gas blowing means and the exhaust means in response to the output of the detecting means. Suppression / security device. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hot gas injection means and the exhaust means have exhaust ports provided at the tops of the compartments for suppressing fires in the space due to the high temperature gas.
Security device.