JP2580438B2 - Fire suppression and security methods for large spaces by air supply and exhaust control - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for controlling and securing fire in a large space by controlling air supply and exhaust, and more particularly to a method for controlling the opening and closing of an air supply and exhaust port when a fire occurs in a large indoor space such as a so-called atrium with a roof. The present invention relates to fire suppression and security methods for large spaces to prevent the spread of smoke and ensure the safety of evacuation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Buildings having large indoor spaces such as exhibition halls and atriums are increasing with the expansion of product distribution and the progress of modernization of offices and the like. 2 and 3 show a large space 7 that extends from the floor 3 to the top of the building inside the rectangular building 1 and covers the top with a ceiling 5. The surrounding wall 9 of the large space 7 and the building outer wall 11
A relatively low ceiling space, such as an office room, is provided on multiple floors. The design of the large space 7 focuses on both the fulfillment of the required functions and the design, and the design of the air supply / exhaust opening for the space also places importance on the function fulfillment and the design.
On the other hand, since a large number of people are expected to gather in the large space 7, it is necessary to prevent the spread of smoke when a fire occurs (hereinafter, referred to as fire suppression) and to secure human safety and evacuation routes (hereinafter, referred to as security). Is important, and measures such as fire detection / alarm equipment, various fire extinguishing equipment, and evacuation guidance facilities are taken.

[0003]

A fire occurs in the indoor large space 7 and smoke from the plume 20 from the ignition part 17 is generated.
The rapid spread of 26 will hinder the evacuation of people on higher floors, and without special measures it is likely that smoke will spread without sufficient evacuation and cause serious disasters.
In the illustrated example, the position of the firing unit 17 is set at the center of the floor 3 of the indoor large space 7, but the position of the firing unit 17 can be anywhere on the space 7 as well as on the floor. To avoid this situation, refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-19 / 1987.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 0340 proposes a method in which a pressurized air is blown toward the inside of a common space such as a staircase of a building in the event of a fire to prevent the rapid spread of smoke through the common space and secure an evacuation route.
However, pressurized air blowing after a fire has occurred is not always the best solution, because it supplies fresh air to the igniter 17 and promotes the growth of the fire.

[0004] The inventor of the present invention has found that the position and size of the air supply / exhaust port in a large indoor space are important factors for fire suppression and security, and installed an appropriate valved air supply / exhaust port in the large space. By controlling the opening and closing of the valve, the invention of a method for preventing the spread of a fire in a large indoor space, suppressing the diffusion of smoke and ensuring the safety of the evacuation route has been completed. As described above, from the viewpoints of fire suppression and ensuring evacuation safety, there has been no method of determining the arrangement of the air supply and exhaust ports and controlling the air supply and exhaust.

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG.
When the generated hot air layer stays in the upper part of the indoor large space 7
Has a weak buoyancy plume 20
Is the air density boundary or temperature boundary at the lower end of the hot air layer
And the smoke storage section or smoke layer 26 drops
Elephants have been reported. (Yasuke Oka, Osamu Sugawa “Stuck
Simulation of the intrusion of a weak rising heat plume into a heated hot air layer
Of the Architectural Institute of Japan
Country) October 1990) That is, in the case of an atrium with a height of 25m,
Approximately 25 between floor 3 and ceiling 5 in summer^oTemperature difference of C is measured
And the temperature distribution in the height direction of the large space 7 is uniform.
Not reported. Temperature sensor 13 as shown in Figure 1
If the measurement is performed with the distribution distributed in the height direction of the large space 7,
The temperature distribution as shown in FIG. 2 (B) can be measured. Figure for clarity
In 2 (B), height from floor 3 is H₁Up to a straight line with a small temperature gradient
Distribution and height H₁Above is a straight line with a large temperature gradient
It is assumed that the distribution is statistical. The distribution form where the upper part is hot
Although there are some, FIG. 2B shows one example. Sa
In addition, Oka et al.₁Up to 0.33^oAbout C / m
Degree and height H₁3.3 above^oWhen it is about C / m
The plume 20 has a height H ₁Air through the temperature boundary in
Cannot penetrate the formation and stay below its temperature boundary
Forming a smoke layer 26 (FIG. 2 (A)) and weak temperature boundaries
To the plume 20 as if it were a very hard boundary
Well)
You.

If the high-temperature smoke layer 26 stays in the middle part of the large space 7 for a long time, depending on the structure of the building 1, the lower part of the large space 7 is filled with high-temperature gas, which not only hinders evacuation but also prevents the plume 20 from being evacuated. It causes abnormal behavior and spreads the fire, which in turn causes a problem that may lead to the spread of fire. When the smoke layer 26 stays below the fire extinguishing equipment 31 such as a sprinkler, the fire extinguishing equipment is activated to extinguish the fire in the lower evacuation space. This creates difficulties. In particular, settled smoke can affect adjacent compartments.

The inventor of the present invention believes that, even when the smoke layer 26 is formed in the middle part of the large space 7, if the air supply / exhaust ports provided at the upper and lower ends of the large space 7 are opened, the temperature difference from the outside air may occur. To smoke layer 26
Noticed that the ascent rose inside the large space 7 and escaped into the outside air. Evacuate the smoke layer 26 into the atmosphere or move the smoke layer 26 toward the top of the space, and use the fire extinguishing equipment 31 such as a sprinkler or water gun to extinguish the lower space required for evacuation in the indoor large space 7. , The above-described fire suppression and security can be achieved.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a large indoor space in which the smoke layer is discharged or the upper layer is moved by selecting the position of the air supply / exhaust port and controlling the air supply / exhaust, and the diffusion of smoke is prevented by extinguishing the lower space. To provide fire suppression and security measures.

[0009]

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in the method for suppressing and securing fire in a large space by the supply / exhaust control of the present invention, when a fire occurs in a large space 7 in a building, the large space is fired. Upper exhaust installed at the upper and lower ends of 7, respectively
Discharging the smoke mouth open 24 and lower supply and exhaust port 12, a large space 7
After checking the unmanned state on the floor 3 and inside, the large space 7
The upper exhaust port 24 and the lower supply / exhaust port 12 are closed to perform a fire extinguishing operation.

[0010] The fire suppression and security device for a large space by the supply and exhaust control of the present invention detects a fire in the large space 7 in the building.
Fire detection means 15 for generating an output Te, Contact to the large space 7
Means for confirming the presence of heat, smoke layers, and human beings, and generating an output, for example, safety confirmation means 28 such as a monitor television, an upper exhaust port 24 with a valve 24a provided at the upper end of the large space 7, the large space 7 The lower supply / exhaust port 12 with a valve 12a provided at the lower end of the valve, the valves 24a, 12a of the upper exhaust port 24 and the lower supply / exhaust port 12 are opened according to the output of the fire detecting means 15, and the safety after the opening is opened. The valves 24a and 12a of the upper exhaust port 24 and the lower air supply / exhaust port 12 are selected in response to the output of a VTR signal or the like from the confirmation means 28, for example.
A configuration including a control device 30 to be selectively closed and a fire extinguisher 31 is used. Upper exhaust port 24 and lower air supply / exhaust port 12
Is different depending on the characteristics of the large space 7,
It shall be determined as appropriate for each target large space. Control device 30
Is, for example, after opening the upper exhaust port 24 and the lower air supply / exhaust port 12.
Time passes and there is no smoke layer 26 in the target area of fire extinguishing system 31
The presence of a person is confirmed by the safety confirmation means 28
Only the upper exhaust port 24 is closed to reduce oxygen supply to the fire.
According to the safety confirmation means 28, there is no smoke layer 26 and no people are present.
The upper exhaust port 24 and lower air supply / exhaust port 12
Close to shut off oxygen supply. Fire extinguishing equipment 31, for example,
It is provided in the middle part in the height direction of the large space 7, and the middle part
The safety confirmation means 28 confirms that no one is
Activated in the event of a fire extinguishing function.

[0011]

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, when a fire occurs from the ignition section 17 in the indoor large space 7, the fire detection means 15 detects this, and the upper exhaust port 24 and the lower supply / exhaust port via the control device 30. The 12 on-off valves 24a and 12a are opened, and the smoke layer 26 escapes to the atmosphere due to the temperature difference between the smoke layer 26 and the outside air. At this time, the lower air supply / exhaust port 12 sends fresh air onto the floor 3 to secure evacuation safety. Further, the rise of the smoke layer 26 moves the smoke upward from the floor 3 to secure the view, thereby ensuring the safety of the movement and evacuation of the people and preventing the diffusion of the smoke.

After the smoke layer 26 escapes into the atmosphere or rises in the large space 7, it waits for the safety confirmation means 28 to confirm a predetermined safety condition, and then the control device 30 controls the upper exhaust port 24. The on-off valve 24a is closed to reduce air supply. As a result, the air supply to the combustion section such as the ignition section 17 is reduced to promote the fire extinguishing. After confirming the movement of the middle smoke layer 26, the fire is extinguished by the fire extinguishing equipment 31 installed to protect the lower space, and the sink of the smoke layer is prevented from dispersing and ensuring the safety of evacuees.

[0013] Thus, the object of the present invention is to select the location of the air supply / exhaust port and control the air supply / exhaust to discharge or move the upper layer of the smoke zone, and to prevent the diffusion of smoke by extinguishing the fire in the lower space. Provision of fire suppression and security methods for large spaces. "

[0014]

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the upper exhaust port 24 provided at the upper end of the large space 7 from the viewpoint of air conditioning, rainfall, building management, etc.
The on-off valve 24a is always closed. As a fire detection means,
A temperature sensor 13 such as a plurality of thermocouples arranged at different heights in the large space 7, a plurality of fire detectors 15 attached to the upper end portion or the ceiling 5, and a fire alarm 16 which can be operated by a person are used. To ensure detection of the smoke layer 26, the fire detector 15 may be of the smoke sensing type.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, two fire extinguishing systems 31 are provided on the middle floor.
Although provided at three places, the number of fire extinguishing equipment 31 is not limited to that of this embodiment. Preferably, the fire extinguisher 31 is a sprinkler or a water gun. Further, for example, a VTR with a camera can be used as the safety confirmation means 28.

Further, FIG. 1 shows two upper exhaust ports 24 and two lower air supply / exhaust ports 12. The numbers of the upper exhaust ports 24 and the lower air supply / exhaust ports 12 are different from those in this embodiment. Is not limited to

[0017]

As described above in detail, the fire suppression and security method in a large space by the air supply / exhaust control according to the present invention increases the smoke layer at the time of fire by selecting the position of the air supply / exhaust port and controlling the air supply / exhaust. Or discharge it and prevent sinkage and diffusion of smoke layers during fire fighting activities, ensuring safe evacuation at low cost with an extremely simple structure, preventing the spread of fires, and effectively utilizing large spaces. Effect.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the direction of arrows III-III in FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a large space.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a building having a rectangular cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Building 3 Floor 5 Ceiling 7 Large space 9 Perimeter wall 11 Exterior wall 12 Lower supply / exhaust port 12a, 24a Valve 13 Temperature sensor 15 Fire detector 16 Fire alarm 17 Ignition unit 20 Plume 24 Upper exhaust port 26 Smoke layer 28 Safety confirmation means 30 Control device 31 Fire extinguishing equipment

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Tomio Ouchi 2-9-1-1, Tobita-Shi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (72) Keiichi Miyamoto 2--19, Tobita-Shi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo No. 1 Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Osamu Sugawa 2641 Yamazaki Noda City, Chiba Prefecture

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An upper end and a lower end of a large space in a building.
Provide an exhaust port and a lower air supply / exhaust port respectively, and
In the event of a fire in the large space,
Open and close the upper exhaust port and the lower air supply / exhaust port after opening the upper exhaust port and the lower air supply / exhaust port to discharge smoke and check for unmanned conditions, and that there is no accumulation of smoke in the space below the fire extinguishing equipment. After confirming the above, the fire extinguishing activities to activate the fire extinguishing equipment and the fire suppression and security method for large spaces. 2. A fire in a large space in a building is detected and fired.
Fire detection means that generates force, fire heat and smoke in the large space
Safety confirmation means to confirm the existence of layers and people and generate output
An upper exhaust port with a valve provided at the upper end of the large space, a lower air supply and exhaust port with a valve provided at the lower end of the large space, and the upper exhaust port and the lower air supply and exhaust in response to the output of the fire detecting means. Opening the valve of the mouth and responding to the output of the safety confirmation means after opening the upper exhaust port and the lower supply / exhaust port.
Large space fire suppression and security system with air supply and exhaust control equipped with a control device that selectively closes the valve .