JPH1119237A - Pressurized smoke exhaust method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To exhaust smoke in a safety section such as an anteroom for a special emergency stair without using an air intake shaft nor an exhaust smoke duct shaft. SOLUTION: A diffuser 30 is provided in an anteroom 10 or a safety section. The diffuser 30 is connected to an air feeding pipe via a compressor 42 for feeding an compressed air connected to an emergency power supply 41 and a tank 43. When a habitable room A is on fire, the compressed air is blown out to the anteroom 10 by the compressor 42 and the pressure of the habitable rooms are set high from the adjoining room A so that the smoke is prevented from flowing into the anteroom 10 from the habitable rooms A.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pressurized smoke exhaust technology in a safety compartment such as a vestibule of a special evacuation stair.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a building fire, the smoke generated by the fire forms a smoke layer above the fire place. This smoke layer gradually thickens and begins to sink down into the room.
When the lower end of the smoke layer reaches a position lower than the upper end of the opening of the fire place, the smoke diffuses from the opening and the smoke starts to flow out to the corridor, the adjacent room, or the like.

[0003] The smoke that has flowed into a corridor or the like rises again and forms a smoke layer on the upper part. The smoke layer flows out or spreads to other floors through stairs and elevators.

Therefore, measures to prevent smoke generated at the time of fire from entering the evacuation route are required as evacuation measures at the time of fire. As for such smoke emission or smoke prevention measures, it is necessary to divide the corridor, the annex room, and the staircase as fire safety sections in a fireproof manner, and to provide necessary smoke prevention equipment and smoke exhaust equipment. At the same time, it is very important to secure a clean air layer below so that evacuation can be performed without causing oxygen deficiency during evacuation.

[0005] That is, the flow of smoke is suppressed by the fire-prevention compartment wall and the smoke-prevention compartment wall, and the air-conditioning system and the ventilation system are appropriately controlled to suppress the disturbance and increase in the amount of smoke and to secure clean air during evacuation. Is required.

[0006] As a method for smoke prevention and smoke exhaustion, there are a closed system and a smoke exhaustion system. In the closed system, the fire room is sealed and the smoke is confined in the fire prevention / smoke prevention compartment.The smoke exhaust system suppresses the flow of smoke, which is appropriately suppressed, in front of the entrance to the next compartment or in the corridor. It is a method of discharging to the outside from a smoke outlet provided at the end of the air conditioner.

Further, the above-mentioned smoke exhaust system includes natural smoke exhaust and mechanical smoke exhaust. The natural smoke exhaust system directly discharges smoke from windows and other openings to the outside, and is suitable for buildings with large external openings.

The mechanical smoke exhaust system is a system for forcibly removing smoke by using a blower for exhaust, and is a system capable of exhausting smoke more efficiently and reliably than a natural smoke exhaust system.

[0009] On the other hand, in the case of a high-rise building or an underground building, if a fire occurs on the entire lower floor, it may be sufficiently assumed that it is not possible to evacuate to the ground using ordinary stairs. Therefore, even if the entire lower floor is fired,
In order to ensure the safety of evacuation, the staircase with the evacuation stairs is required to have a structure especially to prevent fire and smoke from entering.

[0010] For example, the staircase, except for the opening, is surrounded by a fireproof ceiling, walls, and floor to form a fireproof compartment, and the evacuation unit is configured to directly access the above-ground portion in the staircase. Stairs are provided.

The Building Standards Law stipulates that stairs leading to five or more floors or two or more basement floors of a building should be constructed as evacuation stairs or special evacuation stairs.

[0012] In particular, the installation of a special evacuation stair is obligatory for a building having 15 floors or more. It is necessary to provide a staircase in which a buffer zone for preventing fire is provided between the interior of the building and the staircase. Such buffer zones are required to be balconies facing the open air, or lounges with windows or smoke exhaust facilities opened to the open air.

In a high-rise building or the like, the number of evacuees is inevitably increased, and evacuation over many floors is expected. For this reason, it is fully anticipated that temporary evacuation may be required in the annex room during evacuation, and the annex room must have smoke exhaust equipment.

The above-mentioned various smoke exhaust systems are also applied to the annex room of the special evacuation stairs. In the case of adopting the natural smoke exhaust system, a window is provided in the annex to directly contact the outside air, and smoke is exhausted from this window.

For example, FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a vestibule having a conventional structure. An annex room is interposed between the living room and the staircase, and a flue for exhausting smoke is provided adjacent to the annex room.

There is also known a smoke tower system in which smoke is exhausted by using the buoyancy of smoke in a vertically-exhausted air duct and the wind power at the top without using a smoke exhauster. FIG. 5 shows such a smoke tower system.

On the other hand, according to the Building Standards Law, as a smoke exhaust system applied to an annex room, a suction smoke exhaust system which is a mechanical smoke exhaust system is defined. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the state of the vestibule when such a smoke exhaust system is adopted. In the annexed room, an air supply port is provided on the lower side of the staircase room, and a smoke exhaust port is provided on the higher side of the living room as much as possible.

[0018]

In the case of adopting the suction and smoke exhaust system defined in the conventional Building Standard Law, the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft must be installed in the annex room of the special evacuation stairs (see FIG. 6). Laying is required. Similarly, when applying the above-mentioned conventional smoke exhaust technology to the design of smoke exhaust in a safety area such as a corridor or staircase other than the annex room, the installation of the air supply shaft and smoke exhaust duct shaft must be considered. Must.

However, since the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft are provided to secure an evacuation route in the event of a fire, the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft have the same system as the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft used in a room such as a living room. It is not possible. It is necessary to provide the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft in a separate system, which makes the construction work top view complicated. Further, the smoke exhaust duct shaft requires mechanical smoke exhaust provided with a smoke exhaust fan to improve the smoke exhaust efficiency.

As described above, the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft provided in the annex room must be shaft piping of a different system from the shaft for the living room. Was restricted.

An object of the present invention is to enable smoke to be exhausted in a safety compartment such as a vestibule without using a smoke exhaust duct.

It is another object of the present invention to enable smoke to be exhausted in a safety compartment such as a vestibule without using an air supply shaft and a smoke exhaust duct shaft.

The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the present specification and the accompanying drawings.

[0024]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, the outline of a representative one will be briefly described.
It is as follows.

That is, in the pressurized smoke exhaust method of the present invention,
When a fire occurred in a room adjacent to a safety compartment such as a special evacuation staircase, the pressure in the safety compartment was higher than the pressure in the adjacent room where the fire occurred, causing a fire in the adjacent room. It is a method of preventing smoke from flowing into the safety compartment.

The pressurization into the safety compartment is performed by blowing compressed air into the safety compartment. The compressed air may be operated from a compressed air supply compressor connected to an emergency power supply and blown out from an outlet in the safety compartment through an air supply pipe connected to the compressor.

The operation of the compressor is performed manually or automatically in a central control room such as a disaster prevention center provided in the case of a high-rise building or the like, referring to the monitor display and the like together with the operation of other fire extinguishing devices. What is necessary is just to be able to operate | move it.

When the compressed air is blown into the safety compartment, the pressure in the safety compartment is increased in a short time, so that the compressed air is blown out at a high pressure. For this reason, it is necessary to take care not to blow high-pressure compressed air directly to the refugees in the safety compartment during evacuation. For example, it is necessary to make the air outlet horizontal on the ceiling side of the safety compartment to blow out compressed air.

In order to smoothly carry out such a pressurized smoke exhaust method, an air outlet is provided in a safety section such as a vestibule of a special evacuation stair, and this air outlet is connected to an emergency power source to ensure the safety even in a fire. An air supply pipe is connected to a compressor for supplying compressed air which can be operated, and an air outlet is connected to the air supply pipe, thereby forming a pressurized smoke exhaust device in a safety section.

[0030]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an annex room 10 is provided as a safety section adjacent to a living room A of a building such as a high-rise building, and the annex room 10 is interposed between the annex room 10 and the staircase room 2.
The pressurized smoke exhaust device of the special evacuation stairs, which is constituted by a zero, will be described. In addition, using such a pressurized smoke exhaust system,
A description will also be given of a pressurized smoke exhaust method in which the pressure in the annex room 10 is made higher than that in the adjacent room so that smoke generated in a fire in the adjacent room does not flow into the annex room 10.

The structure of the special evacuation stairs is defined in detail in the Building Standard Law and the like, and in the following description of the present embodiment, the structure of the parts not particularly mentioned is determined by the Building Standard Law. In some cases, it shall be configured to comply with such regulations.

The auxiliary room 10 used in the pressurized smoke exhaust system of the present embodiment is provided adjacent to the living room A. By increasing the pressure in the annex room 10, the smoke generated by the fire in the adjacent living room A can be discharged in a pressurized manner so that the smoke does not flow into the annex room 10. . Further, a staircase room 20 is provided adjacent to the annex room 10 to constitute a special evacuation staircase defined by the Building Standards Law.

The living room A and the annex room 10 are both separated by a fire-resistant wall using a non-combustible material specified in the provisions of the Building Standards Law, and even if a fire occurs in the living room A, the fire spreads to the annex room 10 side. And an evacuation route can be secured.

The interior of the living room A and the interior of the annex room 10 are
It is configured to be able to go to both sides via the lounge door 11. The vestibule door 11 is also composed of a class A fire door that conforms to the Building Standards Law. It is divided so as to prevent the spread of fire.

A staircase room 20 provided adjacent to the annex room 10
The surroundings are also made of fire-resistant walls, and the partition wall with the annex room 10 is also made of fire-resistant walls. In this way, the staircase 20
The fire-resistant construction of the building has ensured evacuation routes.

A staircase door 21 is also provided on a partition wall between the staircase 20 and the annex room 10. Such a staircase door 21 also
Like the vestibule door 11, it is configured so as to be compatible with the Class A fire door. In this way, both the ancillary room 10 and the staircase room 20 can be moved through the staircase door 21.

The fireproof structure such as the ceiling and walls of the annex room 10 and the staircase room 20 is constructed as a fireproof wall by forming the base material from a non-combustible material and further finishing the base material using a non-combustible material. I have.

Further, in the annex room 10 and the staircase room 20,
Even if the lighting system connected to the wiring of the power supply separate from the living room A is provided and the electric system of the living room A is cut off due to a fire,
Evacuation lighting is configured to be secured.

The annex room 10 and the staircase room 20 may be provided with windows as required. In the windows provided in the annex room 10 and the staircase room 20, it is necessary to provide a sliding door according to the provisions of the Building Standard Law.

The staircase 2 having the above-mentioned fire-resistant structure
At 0, an evacuation staircase 22 is provided. Evacuation stairs 22
As shown in FIG. 1, is formed in a refractory structure having a configuration in which a landing 22a is provided in the middle. Such evacuation stairs 22
Is configured to lead directly to the ground portion so that it can descend to the ground without having to take another route.

In this way, when a fire occurs in the living room A, the auxiliary room 10 which is a safety compartment is passed through the auxiliary room door 11.
You can move inside. Furthermore, the user can move from the annex room 10 to the staircase room 20 through the staircase door 21 and evacuate from the evacuation stairs 22 to the ground portion.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the annex room 10 on each floor having the above-described structure is provided with an outlet 30 having an opening in a horizontal direction on the ceiling side thereof. In the present embodiment, the air outlet 30 is formed in a configuration like a diffusion type sprinkler head of a conventional configuration, and can blow out compressed air substantially parallel to the ceiling surface. This is indicated by the arrow attached to the outlet 30 in FIG.

In the present embodiment, since the compressed air is blown out in the horizontal direction along the ceiling direction, the blown air does not directly hit the head or the like of the person at the time of evacuation. This prevents people from staggering or falling.

In the present embodiment, the emergency power supply room 40
Is provided separately outside the building, which is not affected by the spread of fire even in the event of a fire in the building.

The emergency power supply room 40 is provided with an emergency power supply 41 as shown in FIG. Emergency power supply 41
Are configured in a different system from the normal power supply used in the living room A of the building. The configuration of the emergency power supply chamber 40 may be a configuration that is conventionally provided for an emergency in a high-rise building or the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, the emergency power supply 41 is provided with a compressor 42 for supplying compressed air, and is configured to be able to compress and supply air.

Further, the compressor 42 is connected to an air supply pipe 50 via a tank 43. The air supply pipe 50 is provided with a heat-resistant coating, and is configured to ensure the supply of compressed air even in the event of a flame.

As shown in FIG. 1, the air supply pipe 50
The upper floor is laid along the annex room 10 on each floor. Furthermore, it is branched at the ceiling of the annex room 10 on each floor and communicates with the outlet 30 having the above-described configuration provided on the ceiling side of the annex room 10 on each floor.

The compressor 42 can be operated in conjunction with a smoke detection sensor (not shown) provided in the living room A on each floor, or can be operated automatically or manually according to an instruction from a central disaster management room or the like. It has become.

Using the pressurized smoke exhaust device configured as described above, a pressurized smoke exhaust method in the annex room 10 is performed as follows.

When a fire occurs in the living room A of the building, the fire situation is grasped by a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a monitor, or the like provided at an appropriate place in each living room A in a disaster prevention central control room such as a disaster prevention center. In accordance with such a fire situation, a digestive activity or the like is instructed. At the same time, the compressor 42 for supplying compressed air, which is connected to the emergency power supply 41 in the emergency power supply chamber 40 having the above configuration, is started manually or automatically.

The compressed air is compressed by the activated compressor 42, and the compressed air is supplied to the air supply pipe 50 at a high pressure through the tank 43. The compressed air reaches the annex room 10 on each floor through the air supply pipe 50, and is blown out into the auxiliary room 10 from the outlet 30 connected to the end of the air supply pipe 50. The compressed air blown out along the ceiling surface is filled in the auxiliary room 10 in a short time, and the inside of the auxiliary room 10 has a higher pressure than the adjacent living room A.

As described above, the compressed air can be sent into the annex room 10 and the interior of the annex room 10 can be pressurized to a higher pressure than the adjacent room A, so that the inflow of smoke from the room A where the fire has occurred can be prevented. it can.

In the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a single outlet 30 is provided in the auxiliary room 10, but the pressure in the auxiliary room 10 can be increased in a short time. A plurality may be provided as described above.

Further, in the present embodiment, the outlet 30 is opened in the horizontal direction so as to prevent the compressed air from being directly blown to the evacuee in the vestibule 10 and provided on the ceiling side. May be provided.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the outlet 30 is constituted by a large number of thin nozzles, and the outlet 30 is horizontal (indicated by an arrow in the figure) so that the blowing direction is horizontal along the floor surface. May be provided below the wall in the auxiliary room 10 in a horizontal row.

In this configuration, if the compressed air is blown out along the floor, it will be blown to the feet of the refugee. However, since the outlet 30 is formed as a thin nozzle,
A large amount of high-pressure compressed air is not blown at once, and there is no need to worry about scooping the evacuees.

Also, by providing the outlet 30 on the floor side as shown in FIG. 2, even if smoke may flow into the auxiliary room 10, compressed air is supplied from below the auxiliary room 10. Since it is sent, it is possible to prevent smoke from falling down in the lounge 10. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the smoke from being filled in the annex room 10 and to secure a fresh air layer necessary for evacuees in the annex room 10.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a window 12 may be provided above the wall in the annex room 10. By providing such a window 12, even if smoke enters the annex room 10 as described above, the smoke can be exhausted from the window 12.

In particular, as shown in FIG.
If the value is set to 0, the compressed air is sent into the auxiliary room 10 from below, and the compressed air rises in the auxiliary room 10, so that the smoke can be discharged from the window 12 more effectively. Annex 10
The window 12 provided therein is provided with a door (not shown) in accordance with the Building Standard Law.

Although the invention made by the inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the invention. Needless to say, there is.

For example, in the above description, the annex room 10 has been described as an example of the safety section. However, as shown in FIG. 3, a corridor 70 having offices 60 on both sides is used as a safety section, and compressed air is introduced into this safety section. May be blown out so that smoke can be exhausted by a pressurized smoke exhaust method. Compressor 4 for compressed air supply connected to emergency power supply 41
Plumbing the air line 50 from 2 to the corridor 70 in the security compartment,
What is necessary is just to blow out compressed air from the outlet 30 provided in the ceiling.

At both ends of the corridor 70, special evacuation stairs provided with the annex 10 are formed. The outlet 30 is provided in the annex room 10 in the manner described above.

As described above, even when a fire occurs in the office room 60, the compressed air is blown into the office room 60 in accordance with the fire and the pressure is increased from the office room 60. In the case of evacuation from the room 60, the invasion of smoke from the office room 60 can be prevented. Get out in hallway 70,
It is possible to evacuate from the evacuation stairs 22 without being spilled by smoke through the lounges 10 at both ends.

[0066]

Advantageous effects obtained by typical ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described.
It is as follows.

(1). According to the present invention, by injecting compressed air into the safety compartment and pressurizing the same, it is possible to prevent the inflow of smoke into the safety compartment, so that the installation of the air supply shaft becomes unnecessary, and there is no air supply shaft. Space can be saved, and construction can be simplified.

(2). According to the present invention, since the inside of the safety compartment can be pressurized to prevent the inflow of smoke into the safety compartment, it is not necessary to lay a smoke exhaust duct shaft as in the related art, and there is no smoke exhaust fan or smoke exhaust duct. Space can be saved, and construction can be simplified.

(3). According to the present invention, by injecting compressed air into the safety compartment to pressurize the safety compartment, it is possible to prevent the inflow of smoke into the safety compartment. Even if there is no safety zone, smoke can be discharged and fresh air can be secured at the same time when the safety compartment is pressurized, and the safety of the evacuation route can be sufficiently secured with a simpler configuration than the conventional configuration.

(4). According to the present invention, since it is possible to prevent the inflow of smoke into the safety compartment by pressurizing the inside of the safety compartment, it is not necessary to lay the air supply shaft and the smoke exhaust duct shaft as in the related art, and the supply in the building plan is unnecessary. There are no restrictions for securing the air route or the flue gas duct shaft route, and the degree of freedom in building planning can be increased.

(5). In the present invention, since the pressurization in the safety compartment is performed using compressed air, the pressurization can be performed in a short time while using a small-diameter air supply pipe as compared with the pressurization method using uncompressed air.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view showing a configuration of a pressurized smoke exhaust device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a variation of the outlet according to the present embodiment, which is seen through an attached room.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view showing a situation in which the outlet according to the present embodiment is provided in a corridor of a safety section.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the internal state of a conventional lounge.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional smoke tower type smoke exhaust system.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an internal state of an annex room adopting a suction smoke exhaust system specified in the Building Standards Act.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Attached room 11 Attached room door 20 Staircase room 21 Staircase room door 30 Outlet 40 Emergency power supply room 41 Emergency power supply 42 Compressor 43 Tank 50 Air supply pipe 60 Office 70 Corridor

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A pressurized smoke exhaust method for a safety section for fire evacuation provided in a building, wherein compressed air flows into the safety section so that the inside of the safety section is higher in pressure than an adjacent room. A pressurized smoke exhaust method, which comprises pressurizing to prevent inflow of smoke at the time of a fire from the room into the safety compartment. 2. The pressurized smoke exhaust method according to claim 1, wherein the safety section is a vestibule of a special evacuation stair. 3. A pressurized smoke exhaust device for a fire escape section provided in a building, wherein the pressurized smoke exhaust device comprises: an outlet provided with an opening in an annex; A pressurized smoke exhaust device comprising: an air supply pipe connected to the air supply pipe; and a compressor for compressed air supply connected to the air supply pipe.