JPH06269511A - Fire extinguishing facility and fire extinguishing method for free access floor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a fire extinguishing facility and a fire extinguishing method which enable a large quantity of air to be supplied at low velocity into a living room where a fire is occurring, and can form a smoke layer in the vicinity of the ceiling hereby, and enable sufferers to take refuge safely, and can exhaust smoke efficiently, and further facilitate the recovery work after extinguishment of a fire due to the extinguishment using carbon dioxide. CONSTITUTION:These are a fire extinguishing facility comprising a blowout port 3, which is placed in the vicinity of a floor panel 2 connecting the interior of a room with the inside 1 of a floor, inside the room with a free access floor, a fair supply device and a carbon dioxide supply device 24, which lead to the blowout port so that they can supply air and carbon dioxide K, respectively, into the room through opening and closing mechanisms from the inside of the floor and ducts 7 and 7', a suction port 4, which leads to the interior of the room, being placed provided in the vicinity of the ceiling, and a air and smoke exhauster, which leads to the duct 6 and the suction port through an opening and closing mechanism, and a fire extinguishing method comprising a process of evacuating sufferers while supplying air into the interior and a fire extinguishing process of supplying carbon dioxide into the exterior after refuge from a fire.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing system and a fire extinguishing method in a room in which a floor slab is provided on a floor slab and floor panels are spread.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional smoke exhaust uses an opening such as a window of a building as a smoke exhaust port and discharges smoke by a natural flow of smoke. As shown in FIG. This is performed by a mechanical smoke exhaust system in which an exhaust smoke exhaust fan 105 forcibly exhausts smoke 102 in the living room space 100 from a suction port 103 communicating with the living room space 100 provided near the ceiling via a duct 104. It is assumed that a smoke layer 102 as shown in FIG. 4 is formed in the vicinity of the ceiling in order to evacuate the victim without smoke during smoke emission.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the fire is extinguished by a manual operation of a resident or the like by using a fire extinguisher 220 or an indoor fire hydrant 230, and it is automatically activated by sensing the heat during a fire. From the sprinkler 210 etc.,
It is carried out by spraying water or fire extinguishing liquid 211 on flame 201.

[0004]

However, the height of the smoke layer in the living room space (the amount of smoke existing in the living room space) is shown in FIG. If there is such a relationship and there is not a sufficient amount of air supply, it is difficult to form the smoke layer 102 at a height as shown in FIG. Also, if there is not an opening of sufficient size for air supply, a pressure difference will occur inside and outside the room where the fire occurred.
It may be difficult to open and close the door when evacuating from the fire room.

Even if a sufficient air supply amount is secured, if the air supply air velocity is large, turbulence of the air flow in the living room occurs and a smoke layer is not formed, and the air supply port is not formed. Even if the slabs are unevenly distributed in the living room, it is not possible to evenly discharge the smoke over the entire living room space, so it is similarly difficult to form an ideal smoke layer.

[0006] However, although the existing laws and regulations stipulate the amount of smoke exhausted from mechanical smoke exhaust equipment, there is no regulation on the amount of air supply and the air supply port, and in many cases the air supply is opened by the victim. The present situation is that it depends on a door or the like or a space around the living room, and as shown in FIG.
Due to the closing of 08, shortage of air supply occurs and the height of the smoke layer becomes low, so that it is difficult to form an ideal smoke layer 102 as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, in the conventional fire extinguishing method using the fire extinguisher 220, the indoor fire hydrant 230, the sprinkler 210, etc. of FIG. 5, in the event of a fire, water or fire extinguishing liquid is sprayed into the room, the indoor furniture, Alternatively, an OA device such as a computer gets wet with water or a fire extinguishing liquid, and thus there is a problem that it cannot be reused after extinguishing a fire or that it takes a lot of time for recovery.

Further, in a room in which a floor slab is provided on a floor slab and floor panels are spread, electric wiring is provided below the floor panel. Therefore, when the fire extinguishing method shown in FIG. However, there is a problem that there is a risk of occurrence of secondary disaster such as electric leakage and short circuit.

Therefore, the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to supply a low-velocity, large-volume air to the fire-occupied room, and as a result, an ideal smoke layer 102 as shown in FIG.
Is formed near the ceiling to enable the victims to evacuate safely and reliably. Above all, it is possible to efficiently exhaust and smoke exhaust gas, and because carbon dioxide extinguishes the fire, recovery work after extinguishing can be done. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple fire extinguishing and exhaust smoke exhaust facility and a fire extinguishing method.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and one of the gist of the invention is as follows.
In a room in which a floor slab is provided on a floor slab and floor panels are spread, an air outlet provided on or near the floor panel that communicates the living space in the room with the floor slab, and the floor slab and An air supply device and a carbon dioxide supply device in communication with the air outlet so as to supply air and carbon dioxide into the living room from a duct through an opening / closing mechanism, and the living room space provided on or near the ceiling. There is a fire extinguishing facility including a suction port communicating with the above, and an exhaust smoke exhausting device that is in communication with the suction port and a duct via an opening / closing mechanism.

Further, as another gist of the present invention, at the time of evacuation of a victim in a fire, air is supplied from the floor panel or the vicinity of the floor panel to the living room space by the air supply means, and the exhaust smoke emission means is also provided. The step of evacuating the victim by eliminating smoke in the living space from the ceiling or the vicinity of the ceiling, and by evacuating the victim, by spreading carbon dioxide to the fire part of the living space by the carbon dioxide supply means. There is a fire extinguishing method that consists of a step of extinguishing the fire.

[0012]

In the fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention, as described above, the opening / closing mechanism arranged in the duct is controlled so that the air is supplied from the air supply device during normal times and fire evacuation, and the carbon dioxide supply device is used after extinguishing the fire. Carbon dioxide is supplied to the floor plenum provided under the floor panel via the duct and the opening / closing mechanism, respectively. Further, the supplied air or carbon dioxide is guided to the living room space through the air outlets uniformly arranged on or near the floor panel. Since the floor space functions as a chamber before air or carbon dioxide is introduced into the living room space, a large volume of air or carbon dioxide can be stably supplied to the living room space at a low wind speed.

[0013]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3 are sectional views schematically showing an embodiment of the fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention. Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention, the system configuration and operating state is shown assuming that it also serves as a floor blowout air conditioning equipment, apart from this, in the building as a single fire extinguishing equipment It can also be installed.

The fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention is provided on a floor slab on which a floor space 1 is provided and a floor panel 2 is spread, and on the floor panel which communicates between the living space 5 in the room and the floor space 1. The air supply port 3 and the air ducts 7 and 7 ′ having the dampers 24 and 25 as opening / closing mechanisms from the floor space 1 and the air D and carbon dioxide K in the living room through the air ducts 7 and 7 ′. To supply the air conditioner 30 and the carbon dioxide supply device 24 in communication with the air outlet 3, the exhaust port 4 communicating with the living room space provided on the ceiling, the air supply port 4 and the exhaust gas. Smoke duct 6
The exhaust smoke exhaust fan 34, which is communicated via the dampers 21, 22, and 23, constitutes a main part.

Since the floor space 1 functions as a chamber before air or carbon dioxide is introduced into the living space 5, it is designed by the floor panel 2 and the like so that a certain degree of airtightness can be maintained.

A large number of air supply ports 3 are provided on the floor panel, and a plurality of exhaust ports 4 are provided substantially uniformly on the ceiling.

The air conditioner 30 includes an air filter 32.
A cooling / heating device 33, a blower 31, and optionally a humidifier (not shown) or a dehumidifier (not shown).

In the carbon dioxide supply device 24, the carbon dioxide supply duct 51 connects the air conditioner 30 to the floor space 1.
The air outlets 9 are communicated with the air ducts 7 and 7 ', and the damper 24 is arranged in the middle thereof.

The components other than the above main parts are provided in the recirculation duct 35 and the recirculation duct 35 bypassing between the duct 8 and the air conditioner 30 in order to serve also as the floor blowout air conditioning. Recirculation damper 20; recirculation air supply port 40 provided on the window side of the living room; recirculation air exhaust ports 41, 42 provided on the window side of the living room; blower duct 7 and recirculation air supply port. There are a perimeter duct 43 which communicates with 40, a circulation air ducts 44 and 45 which communicate the circulation air exhaust ports 41 and 42 and the exhaust smoke exhaust fan 34 through the duct 8.

Next, with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, description will be given of the state in which the fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention is operated in each of the smoke evacuation mode during evacuation, the fire extinguishing mode after evacuation, and the normal operation mode.

When a fire occurs in a building, the fire occurrence is notified to the disaster prevention center by an automatic fire alarming facility, etc., and the fire extinguishing facility is operated from the normal operation mode during evacuation by operation or automatic operation from the disaster prevention center. Switch to smoke emission mode.

In the smoke evacuation mode during evacuation, the dampers 20, 2
1, 23, 24 and 25 are closed and the damper 22 is opened. The air flow rate of the air conditioner 30 is changed from the air flow rate in normal times to the flue gas flow rate.

The outside air indicated by arrow A in FIG.
Is taken into the air conditioner 30 and the air blower 31 supplies the air shown by the arrow B to the floor space 1 from the air outlet 9 through the air ducts 7 and 7 '. At this time, arrow C
Even if the air indicated by is supplied at a high speed and a large volume to some extent, the floor space 1 acts as a chamber before the air is guided into the fire-occupied room 5, so that the air indicated by the arrow D has a large volume. At low wind speed, the air is uniformly supplied into the fire-occupied room 5 through the air supply ports 3 arranged on the floor panel 3 on average. On the other hand, at the same time as this air supply, the smoke 11 in the fire room 5 is removed by the exhaust smoke exhaust fan 34 from the exhaust ports 4 arranged on the ceiling, through the smoke exhaust duct 6, the damper 22 and the duct 8. (Exhaust smoke shown by arrow F). The volume of the air D supplied into the fire-generating living room 5 and the volume of the smoke 11 distributed from the fire-generating living room 5 are substantially equal to each other, and the supply air is in the fire-generating living room 5, By performing the operation with a large capacity and a low wind speed, it is possible to form an ideal smoke layer 102 as shown in FIG. In this way, the victims will not be smoked,
Evacuate from emergency exits.

After the evacuation of the fire-stricken living room 5 of the disaster victim, the fire extinguishing equipment is switched from the smoke evacuation mode during evacuation to the post-evacuation fire extinguishing mode, and the carbon dioxide supply device 24 starts operating.

In the post-evacuation fire extinguishing mode, the damper 24 of the carbon dioxide supply duct 51, which was closed in the evacuation smoke emission mode, is opened, and the other dampers are the same as those in the evacuation smoke emission mode.

The outside air indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 2 is taken into the air conditioner 30 by the action of the blower 31, and the air indicated by the arrow B is passed through the blower ducts 7, 7'by the blower 31.
The air is blown toward the floor floor 1. This air mixes with the carbon dioxide indicated by the arrow G, which is supplied from the carbon dioxide supply device 24 via the damper 24 and the carbon dioxide supply duct 51, in the middle of the blow ducts 7 and 7 ′, and the air outlet 9
From the floor to the floor 1. A mixed gas 12 of air and carbon dioxide, which is supplied to the floor space 1 and is indicated by an arrow H.
Is supplied into the fire-occupied room 5 through the air supply ports 3 arranged substantially uniformly on the floor panel 3 as shown by an arrow K, and due to the property of carbon dioxide having a higher specific gravity than air, The fire is extinguished by forming a layer in the lower part of the living room 5 to cover the fire part 10. On the other hand, at the same time when the mixed gas is supplied into the fire-generating living room 5, the smoke 11 in the fire-generating living room 5 is exhausted from the exhaust ports 4 arranged substantially evenly on the ceiling by the exhaust smoke exhaust fan 34. It continues to be forcibly removed through the duct 6, the damper 22 and the duct 8 (flue gas shown by arrow F).

The mixing ratio of the capacity of the air blown by the air conditioner 30 and the capacity of the carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide supply device 24 is controlled so that the mixed gas 12 can sufficiently exhibit the fire extinguishing function. It In addition, the ratio of the volume of the mixed gas 12 supplied into the fire-generating living room 5 to the volume of the smoke 11 distributed from the fire-generating living room 5 is such that the mixed gas 12 is below the fire-generating living room 5. It is appropriately controlled so as not to prevent the formation of the layers.

After extinguishing the fire in the living room 5,
Switch from fire extinguishing mode to normal operation mode,
The carbon dioxide supply device 24 is stopped.

In the normal operation mode, the dampers 22 and 2 are
4 is closed and the dampers 21, 23, 25 are open. The damper 20 is opened after the concentration of carbon dioxide in the living room has dropped to a concentration that is safe for the human body. The air flow rate of the air conditioner 30 is changed to the air flow rate during normal times.

The outside air indicated by the arrow A in FIG.
The air taken in by the air conditioner 30 by the action of the air blower 31 is diverted by the blower 31 through the blower duct 7 into the blower duct 7'and the perimeter duct 43, respectively, and the blower duct 7 ', the blower outlet 9 and the floor, respectively. It is supplied into the living room space through the space 1 or through the perimeter duct 43, the damper 25, and the air supply port 40 for air circulation. The exhaust gas in the living room is exhausted by the exhaust smoke exhaust fan 34 to the exhaust port 4
1, passing through the air circulation duct 44 and the damper 21,
The air is exhausted by passing through the air exhaust port 42, the air circulating duct 45, and the damper 23, or is taken into the air conditioner 30 again via the air recirculating damper 20.
It is also possible to mix with the intake air A, re-air-condition it, and blow it as shown by arrow B.

Next, the fire extinguishing method of the present invention will be described.

The fire extinguishing method of the present invention comprises a step of evacuating the disaster victim and a fire extinguishing step after the disaster victim is evacuated. First, in the process of evacuating the victim, while supplying air to the living room space from the floor panel or near the floor panel by the air supply means, by the exhaust smoke exhausting means,
Emission of smoke in the living space from the ceiling or the vicinity of the ceiling. Next, as a fire extinguishing process after the evacuation of the disaster victim, the carbon dioxide supply means extinguishes the carbon dioxide by spreading carbon dioxide to the fired part of the living space.

This fire extinguishing method does not depend on the above-described fire extinguishing equipment, but in the step of evacuating the disaster victim, when the fire extinguishing equipment is evacuated by using appropriate air supply means and exhaust smoke exhausting means. In the same way as in the smoke exhaust mode, air supply and exhaust smoke are discharged, and an ideal smoke layer is formed near the ceiling in the fire-occupied room so that the victim can be safely evacuated without being covered by smoke. Also, in the fire extinguishing process after the evacuation of the victims,
Similar to the post-evacuation fire extinguishing mode of the fire extinguishing equipment, carbon dioxide is supplied and exhaust smoke is discharged, a layer of carbon dioxide is formed in the lower part of the room where the fire occurs, and the fire part is covered to extinguish the fire.

[0035]

As described above, according to the fire extinguishing equipment and the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, at the time of evacuation, an ideal smoke layer is formed on the ceiling or in the vicinity of the ceiling in the living room where the fire occurs, and the victim is suffocated by the smoke. It is possible to evacuate safely without doing so, and when the fire is extinguished, it is easy to recover after extinguishing it because it is extinguished using carbon dioxide.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a step of performing smoke exhaust by a fire extinguishing and exhaust smoke exhaust equipment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a step of extinguishing fire by the fire extinguishing and exhaust smoke exhaust equipment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which normal air conditioning is performed using the fire extinguishing and exhaust smoke exhaust equipment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional example.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional example.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional example.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the area of air supply (air supply amount), the smoke layer height, and the amount of smoke exhausted.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In a room in which a floor slab is provided on a floor slab and floor panels are spread, an air outlet provided on the floor panel or near the floor panel that communicates the living space in the room with the floor slab. , An air supply device and a carbon dioxide supply device that are in communication with the air outlet so as to supply air and carbon dioxide into the living room from the floor space and the duct through an opening / closing mechanism, and are provided near the ceiling or the ceiling. A fire extinguishing facility comprising a suction port communicating with the living room space, and an exhaust smoke exhausting device that is in communication with the suction port and a duct via an opening / closing mechanism. 2. When a victim of a fire is evacuated, air is supplied to the living space from above the floor panel or near the floor panel by means of an air supply means, and at the same time from the ceiling or near the ceiling by means of exhaust smoke exhaust. A fire extinguishing method comprising: a step of evacuating a disaster victim by eliminating smoke in a space; and a step of extinguishing a fired person by evacuation of the disaster victim by causing carbon dioxide supply means to spread carbon dioxide to a fire portion of the living room space.